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Consumption and Supply of Wood in Hangzhou/Lin’an and Its Seaport in View of the Southern Song Energy Crisis and Interregional Dependencies

In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
Author:
Silvia Freiin Ebner von Eschenbach Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Department für Asienstudien, Institut fuer Sinologie,University of Munich Germany

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Abstract

When in the 12th century local climate cooled down and the deposits of mineral coal of North China were lost to the Jurchen conquerors, basic energy demands and concurrent industrial demands of the relocated Southern Song capital Lin’an 臨安 (Hangzhou 杭州), needed to be supplied by timber, firewood, and charcoal. At that time Lin’an was an inland port at the nexus of the Zhe River and the Grand Transport Canal, with Mingzhou 明州 as its seaport. This article argues that it was due to climate change and the loss of the northern energy resources as well as population growth and increased population density in the new southern capital that following the deforestation of the hinterlands, fuel and construction wood were imported from ever more distant upstream regions in Huizhou 徽州 as well as coastal and overseas areas.

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