A TYPICAL "PLATEAU" STAGE IS PRESENT IN THE RATE OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF THE SEMI-ALTRICIAL GRIFFON VULTURE EMBRYOS
In: Israel Journal of Ecology and EvolutionSearch for other papers by Ohad Hatzofe in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by Amos Ar in
Current site
Google Scholar
A "plateau" stage in the rate of embryonic oxygen consumption (M × O2) has been described in some altricial avian species. More recently, it has been suggested that the difference in the shape of the curve describing M × O2 vs. incubation length (I) between altricial and precocial birds is only due to the duration of the "plateau"; in altricials, it is relatively shorter and unnoticeable in comparison to precocials. In this study, we measured the M × O2 of the developing embryos of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), whose chicks are classified as semi-altricial, where the chick hatches with open eyes, is covered with down, but is unable to stand or leave the nest. Therefore, the question of the presence or absence of a "plateau" in the M × O2 curve vs. I was examined. It was found that in eggs of the griffon vulture, there is a 6-7 days plateau from about day 47 until day 54, just prior to the external pipping. The relatively large mass of the egg (239.8 g ± 23.76 SD, n = 9) and the relatively long I (57 d) enabled enough measurements to detect a typical plateau of M× O2 in vulture eggs. A plateau stage, whose length is proportional to I, should now be considered to be present in all bird embryos.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Bahat, O. 1997. The way of a vulture in the sky. Torgos 26, 67 pp. (in Hebrew, English summary).
-
Bahat, O., Hatzofe, O., Perevolotski A. 2002. Stage A report 1996-2001, Porsim Canaf Project. Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Electric Company and Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, 68 pp.
-
Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., eds. 1980. The birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. 2. Hawks to Bustards. Oxford University Press, pp. 73-95.
-
Del Hoyo, J., Elliott A., Sargatal, J. 1994. Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 2. New World vultures to guinea fowl. Lynx Edition, Barcelona, pp. 40, 127-128.
-
Dietz, M.W., van Kampen, M., van Griensven, M.J.M., van Mourik, S. 1998. Daily energy budgets of avian embryos: the paradox of the plateau phase in egg metabolic rate. Physiol. Zool. 71 (2): 147-156.
-
Gefen, E., Ar, A. 2001. Gas exchange and energy metabolism of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) embryo. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A 130: 689-699.
-
Hatzofe, O. 2001. Reintroduction of raptors to Ramat Ha'Nadiv. In: Wings over Africa. The International Center for the Study of Bird Migration, Latrun, Israel, pp. 190-202.
-
Hatzofe, O., Getreide, S. 1990. Reintroduction program of the griffon and Egyptian vultures to Ramat Ha'Nadiv. Society for Protection of Nature in Israel, 55 pp.
-
Hoyt, D.F. 1979. Practical methods of estimating volume and fresh weight of bird eggs. Auk 96: 73-77.
-
Meir, M., Ar, A. 1990. Gas pressures in the air cell of the ostrich egg prior to pipping as related to oxygen consumption, eggshell gas conductance, and egg temperature. Condor 92: 556-563.
-
Nice, M.M. 1962. Development of behavior in precocial birds. Linn. Soc. N. Y., pp.18-27.
-
Pearson, J.T., Seymour, R.S., Baudinette, R.V., Runciman, S. 2002. Respiration and energetics of embryonic development in a large altricial bird, the Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus). J. Exp. Biol. 205: 2925-2933.
-
Hamilton, K. A. 1985. Metabolism of barn owl eggs. Am. Midl. Nat. 114: 209-215.
-
Vleck, C.M., Vleck, D. 1987. Metabolism and energetics of avian embryos. J. Exp. Zool. Suppl.1: 111-125.
-
Ar, A., Rahn, H. 1985. Pores in avian eggshells: gas conductance, gas exchange and embryonic growth rate. Respir. Physiol. 61: 1-20.
-
Romanoff, A.L. 1967. Biochemistry of the avian embryo: a quantitative analysis of prenatal development. Wiley, New York, 1305 pp.
-
Vleck, C.M., Hoyt, D.F., Vleck, D. 1979. Metabolism of avian embryos: patterns in altricial and precocial birds. Physiol. Zool. 52: 363-377.
-
Prinzinger, R., Dietz, V. 2002. Pre- and postnatal energetics of the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A 131: 725-732.
-
Prinzinger, R., Schmidt, M., Dietz, V. 1995. Embryogeny of oxygen consumption in 13 altricial and precocial birds. Respir. Physiol. 100: 283-287.
-
Wink, M. 1995. Phylogeny of Old and New World vultures (Aves: Accipitridae and Cathartidae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Z. Naturforsch. 50c, pp. 868-882.
-
Ar, A., Rahn, H. 1980. Water in the avian egg: overall budget of incubation. Am. Zool. 20: 373- 384.
-
Hoyt, D.F. 1987. A new model of avian embryonic metabolism. J. Exp. Zool. Suppl. 1: 127-138.
-
Hoyt, D.F., Rahn, H. 1980. Respiration of avian embryos--a comparative analysis. Respir. Physiol. 39: 255-264.
-
Meir, M., Ar, A. 1987a. Improving turkey poult quality by correcting incubator humidity to match eggshell conductance. Br. Poult. Sci. 28: 337-342.
-
Meir, M., Ar, A. 1987b. Dynamic control of incubation conditions to match eggshell conductance variability: suggestions for incubator management. Turkeys 35(3): 20-28.
-
Prinzinger, R, Dietz, V. 1995. Qualitative course of embryonic O consumption in altricial and precocial birds. Respir. Physiol.100: 289-294.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 188 | 29 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 7 | 0 | 0 |
A TYPICAL "PLATEAU" STAGE IS PRESENT IN THE RATE OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF THE SEMI-ALTRICIAL GRIFFON VULTURE EMBRYOS
In: Israel Journal of Ecology and EvolutionSearch for other papers by Ohad Hatzofe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Amos Ar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
A "plateau" stage in the rate of embryonic oxygen consumption (M × O2) has been described in some altricial avian species. More recently, it has been suggested that the difference in the shape of the curve describing M × O2 vs. incubation length (I) between altricial and precocial birds is only due to the duration of the "plateau"; in altricials, it is relatively shorter and unnoticeable in comparison to precocials. In this study, we measured the M × O2 of the developing embryos of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), whose chicks are classified as semi-altricial, where the chick hatches with open eyes, is covered with down, but is unable to stand or leave the nest. Therefore, the question of the presence or absence of a "plateau" in the M × O2 curve vs. I was examined. It was found that in eggs of the griffon vulture, there is a 6-7 days plateau from about day 47 until day 54, just prior to the external pipping. The relatively large mass of the egg (239.8 g ± 23.76 SD, n = 9) and the relatively long I (57 d) enabled enough measurements to detect a typical plateau of M× O2 in vulture eggs. A plateau stage, whose length is proportional to I, should now be considered to be present in all bird embryos.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 188 | 29 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 7 | 0 | 0 |
