Molecular phylogeneticists must frequently decide on a painful trade-off between the number of taxa and the number of sequences used in a study. Here, we illustrate the advantages of a method of combining quartet trees to solve this dilemma. We apply the method to a data set of 640 proteinsequence alignments from 4 to 24 eutherian taxa, and obtain a global eutherian phylogeny. In agreement with recent studies, we identify three major super-ordinal clades. The first clade is Afrotheria, a cluster of endemic African mammals. The second clade is an emended Laurasiatheria, consisting of Cetartiodactyla (cetaceans, ruminants, hippopotamuses, pigs, and tylopods), Perissodactyla (horses and rhinoceroses), Carnivora, Pholidota (pangolins), Chiroptera (bats), and Erinaceidae (hedgehogs). A tentatively identified third clade consists of some archontans (primates, flying lemurs, and tree shrews) as well as lagomorphs and rodents. Evolutionary relations within these major clades are well resolved. We also show that nuclear encoded proteins resolve eutherian phylogeny better than complete mitochondria. Finally, our results demonstrate that combining quartet trees provides a major opportunity to resolve unevenly sampled complex phylogenies.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Shimamura, M., Yasue, H., Ohshima, K., Abe, H., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Goto, M., Munechika, I., Okada, N. 1997. Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates. Nature 388: 666–670.
McKenna, M.C., Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.
Stanhope, M.J., Waddell, V.G., Madsen, O., De Jong, W., Hedges, S.B., Cleven, G.C., Kao, D., Springer, M.S. 1998. Molecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectivora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 9967–9972.
Schmitz, J., Ohme, M., Zischler, H. 2000. The complete mitochondrial genome of Tupaia belangeri and the phylogenetic affiliation of Scandentia to other eutherian orders. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1334–1343.
Duret, L., Mouchiroud, D., Gouy, M. 1994. HOVERGEN: a database of homologous vertebrate genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 2360–2365.
Huchon, D., Catzeflis, F.M., Douzery, E.J. 1999. Molecular evolution of the nuclear von Willebrand Factor gene in mammals and the phylogeny of rodents. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16: 577– 589.
Springer, M.S., Amrine, H.M., Burk, A., Stanhope, M.J. 1999. Additional support for Afrotheria and Paenungulata, the performance of mitochondrial versus nuclear genes, and the impact of data partitions with heterogeneous base composition. Syst. Biol. 48: 65–75.
�rnason, �., Gullberg, A., Janke, A. 1997. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA suggest a sister group relationship between Xenartha (Edentata) and ferungulates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 762–768.
Luckett, W.P., Hartenberger, J.L. 1985. Evolutionary relationships among rodents: comments and conclusions. In: Luckett, W., Hartenberger, J., eds. Evolutionary relationships among rodents, a multidisplinary analysis. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 685–712.
Murphy, W.J., Eizirik, E., Johnson, W.E., Zhang, Y.P., Ryder, O.A., O’Brien, S.J. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature 409: 614–618.
Waddell, P.J., Cao, Y., Hauf, J., Hasegawa, M. 1999. Using novel phylogenetic methods to evaluate mammalian mtDNA, including amino acid-invariant sites-LogDet plus site stripping, to detect internal conflicts in the data, with special reference to the positions of hedgehog, armadillo, and elephant. Syst. Biol. 48: 31–53.
Graur, D., Hide, A.H., Li, W.H. 1991. Is the guinea-pig a rodent? Nature 351: 649–652.
Allard, M.W., Mcniff, B.E., Miyamoto, M.M. 1996. Support for interordinal Eutherian relationships with an emphasis on primates and their Archontan relatives. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 5: 78–88.
Liu, F.-G.R., Miyamoto, M.M., Freire, N.P., Ong, P.Q., Tennant, M.R., Young, T.S., Gugel, K.F. 2001. Molecular and morphological supertrees for eutherian (placental) mammals. Science 291: 1786–1742.
Adachi, J., Hasegawa, M. 1996a. Instability of of quartet analyses of molecular sequence data by the maximum likelihood method: the Cetacea/Artiodactyla relationships. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 6: 72–76.
Xu, X., Janke, A., Arnason, U. 1996. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the greater Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, and the phylogenetic relationship among Carnivora, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla (+ Cetacea). Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 1167–1173.
Graur, D., Higgins, D.G. 1994. Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11: 357–364.
Jones, D.T., Taylor, W.R., Thornton, J.M. 1992. The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 8: 275–282.
Shoshani, J., McKenna, M.C. 1998. Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 9: 572–584.
Ben-Dor, A., Chor, B., Graur, D., Ophir, R., Pelleg, D. 1998. Constructing phylogenies from quartets: elucidation of eutherian superordinal relationships. J. Comput. Biol. 5: 377–390.
Gissi, C., Gullberg, A., �rnason, �. 1998. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Genomics 50: 161–169.
Novacek, M.J. 1992. Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree. Nature 356: 121–125.
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J. 1994. Improved sensitivity of profile searches through the use of sequence weights and gap exision. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10: 19–29.
De Jong, W.W. 1998. Molecules remodel the mammalian tree. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13: 270–275.
Krettek, A., Gullberg, A., Arnason, U. 1995. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA molecule of the hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, and the phylogenetic position of the Lipotyphla. J. Mol. Evol. 41: 952–957.
Robinson-Rechavi, M., Ponger, L., Mouchiroud, D. 2000. Nuclear gene LCAT supports rodent monophyly. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1410–1412.
Gascuel, O. 1997. BIONJ: an improved version of the NJ algorithm based on a simple model of sequence data. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 685–695.
Graur, D., Duret, L., Gouy, M. 1996. Phylogenetic position of the order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and allies). Nature 379: 333–335.
Galtier, N., Gouy, M., Gautier, C. 1996. SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12: 543–548.
Luckett, W.P., Hartenberger, J.L. 1993. Monophyly or polyphyly of the order Rodentia : possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations. J. Mammal. Evol. 1: 127–147.
Strimmer, K., Von Haeseler, A. 1996. Quartet puzzling: a quartet maximum likelihood method for reconstructing tree topologies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 964–969.
Springer, M.S., DeBry, R.W., Douady, C., Amrine, H.M., Madsen, O., De Jong, W., Stanhope, M. 2001. Mitochondrial versus nuclear gene sequences in deep-level mammalian phylogeny reconstruction. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18: 132–143.
Adachi, J., Hasegawa, M. 1996b. Model of amino acid substitution in proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. J. Mol. Evol. 42: 459–468.
Barker, W.C., Garavelli, J.S., Mcgarvey, P.B. et al. 1999. The PIR-International protein sequence database. Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 39–43.
Saitou, N., Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406–425.
Bairoch, A., Apweiler, R. 1999. The SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank and its supplement TrEMBL in 1999. Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 49–54.
Graur, D., Gouy, M., Duret, L. 1997. Evolutionary affinities of the order Perissodactyla and the phylogenetic status of the superordinal taxa Ungulata and Altungulata. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7: 195–200.
Madsen, O., Scally, M., Douady, C.J., Kao, D.J., DeBry, R.W., Adkins, R., Amrine, H.M., Stanhope, M.J., de Jong, W.W., Springer, M.S. 2001. Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals. Nature 409: 610–614.
D’Erchia, A.M., Gissi, C., Pesole, G., Saccone, C., �rnasson, �. 1996. The guinea pig is not a rodent. Nature 381: 597–600.
Nikaido, M., Rooney, A.P., Okada, N. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 10261–10266.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 148 | 32 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Molecular phylogeneticists must frequently decide on a painful trade-off between the number of taxa and the number of sequences used in a study. Here, we illustrate the advantages of a method of combining quartet trees to solve this dilemma. We apply the method to a data set of 640 proteinsequence alignments from 4 to 24 eutherian taxa, and obtain a global eutherian phylogeny. In agreement with recent studies, we identify three major super-ordinal clades. The first clade is Afrotheria, a cluster of endemic African mammals. The second clade is an emended Laurasiatheria, consisting of Cetartiodactyla (cetaceans, ruminants, hippopotamuses, pigs, and tylopods), Perissodactyla (horses and rhinoceroses), Carnivora, Pholidota (pangolins), Chiroptera (bats), and Erinaceidae (hedgehogs). A tentatively identified third clade consists of some archontans (primates, flying lemurs, and tree shrews) as well as lagomorphs and rodents. Evolutionary relations within these major clades are well resolved. We also show that nuclear encoded proteins resolve eutherian phylogeny better than complete mitochondria. Finally, our results demonstrate that combining quartet trees provides a major opportunity to resolve unevenly sampled complex phylogenies.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 148 | 32 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 6 | 0 | 0 |