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The effect of moderate intensity continuous training and high intensity interval training on Pdx-1 expression in a diabetes rat model

Comparative Exercise Physiology
著者:
Y. Dwiharyani Master’s Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

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https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7641-4743
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I. Olivia Master’s Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-9975
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P. Santoso Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-7935
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C. Ilmiawati Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis Pauh Campus, Padang, 25166 West Sumatra, Indonesia

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-3331
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Abstract

Exercise-induced adaptations extend beyond skeletal muscle and may influence pancreatic function. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx-1) is a key regulator of β-cell function and insulin synthesis, yet its response to different exercise modalities in diabetes remains unclear. The objective was to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum insulin and pancreatic Pdx-1 expression in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM+MICT, and DM+HIIT. Diabetes was induced by STZ (45 mg/kg body weight). Exercise protocols were conducted on a treadmill, five days per week for six weeks. MICT involved continuous running at 60–65% maximal velocity, whereas HIIT consisted of repeated high-intensity bouts (85–90%) interspersed with recovery periods. Serum insulin was measured using ELISA, and Pdx-1 gene expression was quantified by relative qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. STZ-induced diabetes significantly reduced insulin levels compared to controls ( P < 0.05). Both exercise modalities increased insulin levels, with a greater improvement observed following HIIT, although differences between exercise groups were not statistically significant. Pdx-1 expression was elevated in diabetic rats relative to controls, consistent with a compensatory response to β-cell dysfunction. MICT reduced Pdx-1 expression, whereas HIIT maintained higher levels, with a significant difference observed between exercise modalities ( P < 0.05). MICT and HIIT differentially modulate pancreatic molecular responses in diabetes. While both improve insulin levels, HIIT appears to better preserve Pdx-1 expression, suggesting modality-specific regulation of β-cell adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of exercise intensity in shaping systemic and pancreatic responses in diabetic conditions and provide insight into the comparative physiology of exercise interventions.

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