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Exercise training, Glut-4 protein abundance and glutamine in skeletal muscle of mature and very old horses

in Comparative Exercise Physiology
Autor:innen:
H.C. Manso Filho Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.

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C.L. Betros Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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M.E. Gordon Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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H.E.C.C.C. Manso Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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M. Watford Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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K.H. McKeever Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

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Online-Publikationsdatum:
12 Jun 2017
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Two groups of unfit Standardbred mares (adult: 9-14 years, 540 kg, n=7) and old (20-25 years, 530 kg, n=5) were used to test two hypotheses, first, that aging and training would alter plasma and muscle glutamine [Gln] and glutamate [Glu] and second, that aging and training would alter Glut-4 expression in skeletal muscle. All animals were housed on pasture with free access to grass and all received hay and supplementation with a commercially prepared supplement (15% crude protein and 3.00 Mcal/kg dry matter) in individual stalls. Mares were fed to meet or exceed NRC (2007) nutrient recommendations for moderate to heavy exercise. The mares were exercise trained in a free-stall motorised circular exercise machine for 30 min/d, 5 d/week, for 8 weeks. Work intensity during training was set at a relative intensity of ~60% of the maximum heart rate, previously determined during an incremental exercise test (GXT). Blood samples and muscle biopsies (gluteus) obtained before and after 8 weeks of training were used for measurement of [Gln], [Glu] and Glut-4 abundance. Samples were collected before the initiation of training and at 24 h after cessation of last bout of exercise in the training period. All samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until enzymatic analysis for [Gln], [Glu] and Western Blot analysis for Glut-4 protein abundance. Data were analysed by one-way or two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Pearson correlation method. Post-hoc differences were identified with the Tukey test. Significance was set at P<0.05. There were no differences (P>0.05) in muscle [Glu] due to aging. Training decreased (P<0.05) muscle [Glu] from 7,561±701 nmol/g of tissue (mean ± standard error) in pre-training samples to 4,491±701 nmol/g of tissue post-training. Plasma [Gln] decreased (P<0.05) with training (368±14 nmol/ml vs 317±14 nmol/ml). There was a trend (P=0.063) towards an effect of aging. There were significant interactions between age and training for plasma [Gln]. Old mares had lower (P<0.05) post-exercise plasma [Gln] (224±21 nmol/ml) when compared with pre-exercise plasma [Gln] (372±21 nmol/ml). Post-training, plasma [Gln] was lower (P<0.05) in the old mares compared to adult mares [Gln] (224±21 nmol/ml vs 410±18 nmol/ml). There was an effect (P<0.05) of age on muscle [Gln] (old = 6,126 ±870 nmol/g of tissue; adult = 3,176±735 nmol/g of tissue); however, there were no changes (P>0.05) due to training. Glut-4 abundance analysis did not differ (P>0.05) between the young adult and old horses; however, there was a trend (P=0.063) towards an effect of training when samples from both groups were pooled. It was concluded that training and aging produce changes in plasma and muscle [Gln], which may affect immune function in athletic horses, but not in Glut-4.

Titel:
Exercise training, Glut-4 protein abundance and glutamine in skeletal muscle of mature and very old horses
Artikelkategorie:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP170003
Sprache:
Englisch
Seiten:
63–69
Keywords:
horse; training; aging; glutamine; Glut-4
Quelltitel:
Comparative Exercise Physiology
Band/Ausgabe:
Band 13: Ausgabe 2
Received:
12 Jan 2017
Accepted:
20 Feb 2017
Verleger:
Wageningen Academic
eISSN:
1755-2559
Print ISSN:
1755-2540
Fachgebiete:
Allgemein, Biowissenschaften, Ernährung und Gesundheit, Tiere und Veterinärmedizin

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