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Probiotic bacteria cell walls stimulate the activity of the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage functionality

in Beneficial Microbes
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J.M. Lemme-Dumit Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET). Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

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M.A. Polti Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

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G. Perdigón Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET). Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

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C. Maldonado Galdeano Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET). Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

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The effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria cell walls (PBCWs) in the stimulation of the immune system in healthy BALB/c mice was evaluated. We focused our investigation mainly on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which are essential for coordinating an adequate mucosal immune response and on the functionality of macrophages. The probiotic bacteria and their cell walls were able to stimulate the IECs exhibiting an important activation and cytokine releases. Supplementation with PBCWs promoted macrophage activation from peritoneum and spleen, indicating that the PBCWs oral administration was able to improve the functionality of the macrophages. In addition, the PBCWs increased immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the gut lamina propria in a similar way to probiotic bacteria, but this supplementation did not have an effect on the population of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium. These results indicate that the probiotic bacteria and their cell walls have an important immunoregulatory effect on the IECs without altering the homeostatic environment but with an increase in IgA+ producing cells and in the innate immune cells, mainly those distant from the gut such as spleen and peritoneum. These findings about the capacity of the cell walls from probiotic bacteria to stimulate key cells, such as IECs and macrophages, and to improve the functioning of the immune system, suggest that those structures could be applied as a new oral adjuvant.

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