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Soymilk fermentation by Enterococcus faecalis VB43 leads to reduction in the immunoreactivity of allergenic proteins β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S)

In: Beneficial Microbes
Authors:
V. Biscola Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 580 Professor Lineu Prestes 13 B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

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A. Rodriguez de Olmos Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

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Y. Choiset Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

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H. Rabesona Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

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M.S. Garro Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.

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F. Mozzi Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.

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J.-M. Chobert Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

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M. Drouet Unité Allergologie Générale et Pneumologie, CHU d’Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.

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T. Haertlé Protein Functions and Interactions Research Team, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, Tehran, Iran.

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B.D.G.M. Franco Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 580 Professor Lineu Prestes 13 B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.

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Food allergies represent a serious problem affecting human health and soy proteins rank among the most allergenic proteins from food origin. The proteolytic enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can hydrolyse the major allergens present in soybean, reducing their immunoreactivity. Many studies have reported the ability of LAB to ferment soy-based products; while the majority of them focus on the improvement of the sensory characteristics and functionality of soy proteins, a lack of information about the role of lactic fermentation in the reduction of immunoreactivity of these proteins exists. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of the proteolytic strain Enterococcus faecalis VB43 to hydrolyse the main allergenic proteins present in soymilk and to determine the immunoreactivity of the obtained hydrolysates. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results of fermented soymilk demonstrated complete hydrolysis of the β-subunit from β-conglycinin and the acidic polypeptide from glycinin. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis of the peptides released after hydrolysis revealed the appearance of new peptides and the disappearance of non-hydrolysed proteins, indicating extensive hydrolysis of the substrate. Results from competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests clearly indicated a reduction in the immunoreactivity (more than one logarithmic unit) in the fermented sample as compared to the non-fermented control. Our results suggest that the soymilk fermented by E. faecalis VB43 may induce lower allergic responses in sensitive individuals. The strain E. faecalis VB43 may be considered as an excellent candidate to efficiently reduce the immunoreactivity of soymilk proteins.

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