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Lactobacilli intra-tracheal administration protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in mice – a proof of concept

In: Beneficial Microbes
Authors:
M.S. Fangous Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CH Cornouaille, Rue Yves Thepot, 29000 Quimper, France.
Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.

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Y. Alexandre Université de Brest, EA 3882-Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Écologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Parvis Blaise Pascal, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.

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N. Hymery Université de Brest, EA 3882-Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Écologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Parvis Blaise Pascal, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.

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S. Gouriou Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.

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D. Arzur Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.
Université de Brest, EA 3882-Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Écologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Parvis Blaise Pascal, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.

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G. Le Blay Université de Brest, EA 3882-Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Écologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Parvis Blaise Pascal, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzane, France.

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R. Le Berre Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.
Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie, CHRU La Cavale-Blanche, Bd Tanguy Prigent, 29200 Brest, France.

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The spreading of antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue, which requires alternative treatments to antibiotics. Lactobacilli have shown abilities to prevent pneumonia in clinical studies when given by oral route, certainly through the gut-lung axis involvement. Rationally, respiratory administration of lactobacilli has been developed and studied in murine model, to prevent from respiratory pathogens. It allows a direct effect of probiotics into the respiratory system. To our knowledge, no study has ever focused on the effect of probiotic intra-respiratory administration to prevent from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia, a major respiratory pathogen associated with high morbidity rates. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial activity of three Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus fermentum K.C6.3.1E, Lactobacillus zeae Od.76, Lactobacillus paracasei ES.D.88) previously screened by ourselves and known to be particularly efficient in vitro in inhibiting PAO1 virulence factors. Cytotoxic assays in alveolar epithelial cell line A549 were performed, followed by the comparison of two lactobacilli prophylactic protocols (one or two administrations) by intra-tracheal administration in a C57BL/6 murine model of PA pneumonia. A549 cells viability was improved from 23 to 75% when lactobacilli were administered before PAO1 incubation, demonstrating a protective effect (P<0.001). A significant decrease of 2 log of PAO1 was observed 4 h after PAO1 instillation (3×106 cfu/mouse) in both groups receiving lactobacilli (9×106 cfu/mouse) compared to PAO1 group (P<0.05). One single prophylactic administration of lactobacilli significantly decreased the secretion by 50% in bronchoalveolar lavages of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α compared to PAO1. No difference of secretion was observed for the IL-10 secretion, whatever the prophylactic study design. This is the first study highlighting that direct lung administration of Lactobacillus strains protect against PA pneumonia. Next step will be to decipher the mechanisms involved before developing this novel approach for human applications.

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