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The Perils of Jephthah’s Daughter: Biblical Films as Social Problem-Solving Operations

In: Biblical Interpretation
Author:
Robert A. Kranz Graduate Program in Religious Studies, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA

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Abstract

Between 1909 and 1913, four major studios released films retelling the story of Jephthah and his daughter in Judges 11. All four films depict the biblical tale as a melodrama—a classic genre in film studies. This article argues that, despite sharing a common genre, these films exhibit distinct ideological perspectives. Focusing on the first and last films—Vitagraph’s Jephthah’s Daughter: A Biblical Tragedy (1909) and Warner Features’ Jephthah’s Daughter (1913)—this article employs genre analysis to show how both films utilize melodramatic conventions to address the plight of women under patriarchal structures. While Vitagraph’s film sanctifies the daughter’s obedience and sacrifice, Warner’s version problematizes her fate, offering a critique of patriarchy. By situating these films within the reception history of Judges 11, the article highlights their cultural significance as “social problem-solving operations” that negotiated early twentieth-century anxieties over the shifting roles of women.

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