A. Wierzbicka, Emotions across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals (Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction, II; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). In addition to the question of concepts, there is also the question of the universality of emotions. Here too, we must be cautious. Many historians, such as R. Boddice, have recently pointed ‘to historical differences in the ways in which emotions themselves were conceptualized (as passions, e.g., centred in the heart, the spleen, and only latterly in the brain)’. See R. Boddice, ‘The Affective Turn: Historicizing the Emotions’, in C. Tileagă and J. Byford (eds.), Psychology and History: Interdisciplinary Explorations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), pp. 150–51.

 A. Wierzbicka, Emotions across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals (Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction, II; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). In addition to the question of concepts, there is also the question of the universality of emotions. Here too, we must be cautious. Many historians, such as R. Boddice, have recently pointed ‘to historical differences in the ways in which emotions themselves were conceptualized (as passions, e.g., centred in the heart, the spleen, and only latterly in the brain)’. See R. Boddice, ‘The Affective Turn: Historicizing the Emotions’, in C. Tileagă and J. Byford (eds.), Psychology and History: Interdisciplinary Explorations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), pp. 150–51. )| false
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 Wierzbicka, Emotions, pp. 2–3.

 Wierzbicka, Emotions, pp. 2–3.)| false
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 On this, see T. de Bruin, The Great Controversy: The Individual’s Struggle between Good and Evil in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and in Their Jewish and Christian Contexts (NTOA, 106; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015), pp. 36–42. M. Winter (Das Vermächtnis Jesu und die Abschiedsworte der Väter [FRLANT, 161; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1994], pp. 199–204) proposed the genre of ‘Vermächtnisrede’.

 On this, see T. de Bruin, The Great Controversy: The Individual’s Struggle between Good and Evil in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs and in Their Jewish and Christian Contexts (NTOA, 106; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015), pp. 36–42. M. Winter (Das Vermächtnis Jesu und die Abschiedsworte der Väter [FRLANT, 161; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1994], pp. 199–204) proposed the genre of ‘Vermächtnisrede’.)| false
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 E. von Nordheim, Die Lehre der Alten, I. Das Testament als Literaturgattung im Judentum der hellenistisch-römischen Zeit (ALGHJ, 13.1; Leiden: Brill, 1980), vol. 1, p. 15; de Bruin, Controversy, p. 43.

 E. von Nordheim, Die Lehre der Alten, I. Das Testament als Literaturgattung im Judentum der hellenistisch-römischen Zeit (ALGHJ, 13.1; Leiden: Brill, 1980), vol. 1, p. 15; de Bruin, Controversy, p. 43.)| false
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 See also von Nordheim, Lehre der Alten, I, p. 15.

 See also von Nordheim, Lehre der Alten, I, p. 15.)| false
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 T. Onuki, Gnosis und Stoa: Eine Untersuchung zum Apokryphon des Johannes (NTOA, 9; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989), pp. 35–37.

 T. Onuki, Gnosis und Stoa: Eine Untersuchung zum Apokryphon des Johannes (NTOA, 9; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989), pp. 35–37.)| false
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 See Hollander and de Jonge, Commentary, pp. 109, 118.

 See Hollander and de Jonge, Commentary, pp. 109, 118.)| false
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 See Hollander and de Jonge, Commentary, p. 277. In contrast to Hollander and de Jonge, J. Becker (Die Testamente der zwölf Patriarchen [JSHRZ III, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlag, 1980], p. 92) proposes that the version of manuscript β (“I rejoiced”) is secondary and influenced by T. Dan 1:5.

 See Hollander and de Jonge, Commentary, p. 277. In contrast to Hollander and de Jonge, J. Becker (Die Testamente der zwölf Patriarchen [JSHRZ III, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlag, 1980], p. 92) proposes that the version of manuscript β (“I rejoiced”) is secondary and influenced by T. Dan 1:5.)| false
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 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 88.

 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 88.)| false
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 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 91; see also M. Konradt, ‘“Fliehet die Unzucht” (TestRub 5,5): Sexualethische Perspektiven in den Testamenten der Zwölf Patriarchen’, in M. Konradt and E. Schläpfer (eds.), Anthropologie und Ethik im Frühjudentum und im Neuen Testament (WUNT, 322; Tübingen: Mohr, 2014), p. 265 including n. 77 (cf. also T. Reu. 5:3b).

 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 91; see also M. Konradt, ‘“Fliehet die Unzucht” (TestRub 5,5): Sexualethische Perspektiven in den Testamenten der Zwölf Patriarchen’, in M. Konradt and E. Schläpfer (eds.), Anthropologie und Ethik im Frühjudentum und im Neuen Testament (WUNT, 322; Tübingen: Mohr, 2014), p. 265 including n. 77 (cf. also T. Reu. 5:3b).)| false
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 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 91.

 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 91.)| false
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 See I. Rosen-Zvi, ‘Bilhah the Temptress: The Testament of Reuben and the “Birth of Sexuality”’, JQR 96.1 (2006), pp. 65–94. In T. Reu 3:11–15 (unlike its ‘parallel’ in Jubilees 33), the emphasis lies (1) on the διάνοια, which is influenced by the sight of the naked Bilhah, and (2) on the thoughts influenced by this sight, which precede the action (Konradt, ‘“Fliehet die Unzucht”’, p. 252). This is why T. Reu. 4:1 also exhorts: ‘Pay no attention, therefore, to women’s beauty’.

 See I. Rosen-Zvi, ‘Bilhah the Temptress: The Testament of Reuben and the “Birth of Sexuality”’, JQR 96.1 (2006), pp. 65–94. In T. Reu 3:11–15 (unlike its ‘parallel’ in Jubilees 33), the emphasis lies (1) on the διάνοια, which is influenced by the sight of the naked Bilhah, and (2) on the thoughts influenced by this sight, which precede the action (Konradt, ‘“Fliehet die Unzucht”’, p. 252). This is why T. Reu. 4:1 also exhorts: ‘Pay no attention, therefore, to women’s beauty’.)| false
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 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 97.

 Translation by de Jonge, Testaments, p. 97.)| false
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 On this, see U. Luz, Das Evangelium nach Matthäus (Matt. 26–28) (EKK, I.4; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2002), p. 272 n. 43.

 On this, see U. Luz, Das Evangelium nach Matthäus (Matt. 26–28) (EKK, I.4; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2002), p. 272 n. 43.)| false
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 On this, see von Gemünden, Affekte, p. 260.

 On this, see von Gemünden, Affekte, p. 260.)| false
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 See von Gemünden, Affekte, p. 266, including n. 77.

 See von Gemünden, Affekte, p. 266, including n. 77.)| false
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 Von Gemünden, Affekte, pp. 264–65.

 Von Gemünden, Affekte, pp. 264–65.)| false
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 See G. Theißen, ‘Frauen im Umfeld Jesu’, Jesus als historische Gestalt: Beiträge zur Jesusforschung. Zum 60. Geburtstag von G. Theißen (ed. A. Merz; FRLANT, 202; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003), p. 103.

 See G. Theißen, ‘Frauen im Umfeld Jesu’, Jesus als historische Gestalt: Beiträge zur Jesusforschung. Zum 60. Geburtstag von G. Theißen (ed. A. Merz; FRLANT, 202; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003), p. 103.)| false
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