The ethological shortfall: case study of an endangered shorebird
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Abstract
Poor knowledge of animal behaviour impedes understanding of ecology and evolution and reduces human appreciation of the natural world. We call this the âethological shortfallâ, parallel to Linnean and other knowledge shortfalls in conservation biology and systematics. We analysed sound recordings of breeding spoon-billed sandpipers (Scolopacidae: Calidris pygmaea), a critically endangered species. Sixteen years of field research, and a focused short-term study, provided material for our study. All the speciesâ calls are unique within its clade; hence our findings have immediate practical use for detecting individuals within the breeding period. No sound recordings exist for the lengthy non-breeding period, when most anthropogenic impacts occur. This gap needs to be filled, so that inventories and automated detection can be conducted in that period. We discovered information that is new and has scientific and practical applications at both the species and higher taxonomic levels (e.g., species-specificity of brief âalarmâ notes). We conclude that a useful account of endangered speciesâ behaviour can be obtained through first-hand knowledge of natural history, a research plan based on knowledge of related species, and targeted sampling.
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The ethological shortfall: case study of an endangered shorebird
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Abstract
Poor knowledge of animal behaviour impedes understanding of ecology and evolution and reduces human appreciation of the natural world. We call this the âethological shortfallâ, parallel to Linnean and other knowledge shortfalls in conservation biology and systematics. We analysed sound recordings of breeding spoon-billed sandpipers (Scolopacidae: Calidris pygmaea), a critically endangered species. Sixteen years of field research, and a focused short-term study, provided material for our study. All the speciesâ calls are unique within its clade; hence our findings have immediate practical use for detecting individuals within the breeding period. No sound recordings exist for the lengthy non-breeding period, when most anthropogenic impacts occur. This gap needs to be filled, so that inventories and automated detection can be conducted in that period. We discovered information that is new and has scientific and practical applications at both the species and higher taxonomic levels (e.g., species-specificity of brief âalarmâ notes). We conclude that a useful account of endangered speciesâ behaviour can be obtained through first-hand knowledge of natural history, a research plan based on knowledge of related species, and targeted sampling.
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