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贛語都昌方言“濁音”聲母的演化音系學考察

An evolutionary phonological perspective to the “voiced initial” in Duchang Gan dialect

In: Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics
Author:
澤民 劉 [aka. Zemin Liu] 上海師範大學 (Shanghai Normal University) 中國 (China) 上海 (Shanghai Normal University)

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Online Publication Date:
15 Dec 2021
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摘要

古全濁聲母真正保持“濁音”的漢語方言已經不多，濁音在漢語方言中的演變大都走“清化”的主流，濁音清化後的音韵格局也各有不同，在漢語語音史上非常引人注目，而都昌方言不僅完整保留濁音，濁音演變也很有特色，還有全濁和次清聲母合流的獨特格局，漢語多數方言塞音塞擦音都是送氣和不送氣對立，而都昌方言是清與濁的對立，從演化音系上的角度看，這些都是值得研究的地方。本文以都昌縣城話的田野調查材料爲基礎，對都昌方言的全濁聲母和次清聲母字今讀作全面概述，對都昌話“濁音”進行語音學分析，認爲其濁音是常態帶音和它的自由變體內爆音及鼻冠塞音。論文從近音化、流音化和擦音清化三方面探討了都昌濁音的演變。論文最後就都昌方言濁音性質和次清聲母讀同全濁問題作了一些討論。有一種觀點認爲，中古漢語古全濁聲母是弛聲，弛聲消失後低調變爲送氣清音，高調變爲不送氣清音。都昌方言古全濁聲母是常態帶聲，且全濁字和次清字聲母合流後不同調，上述假說無法解釋都昌話全濁聲母和次清聲母合流，必須尋求另外的解釋。

Abstract

There are few Chinese dialects in which the QUANZHUO initials in Middle Chinese really keep the “voiced sound”. The evolution of the QUANZHUO initials in Chinese dialects mostly follows the mainstream of “devoicing”. The phonological patterns of voiced initials after Devoicing are also different, which is very noticeable in the history of Chinese phonology, Duchang dialect not only retains the voiced sound completely, but also has its own characteristics in the evolution of voiced consonant. In most Chinese dialects, stops and frications are opposite to aspirated and unaspirated, while in Duchang dialect, it is opposite to voiced and unvoiced. From the perspective of evolutionary phonology, all these are worth studying. Based on the field investigation materials of Duchang City Dialect, this paper makes a comprehensive overview of the present pronunciation of the voiced initials and the CIQING initials in Duchang dialect, and makes a phonetic analysis of the “voiced” in Duchang dialect. It holds that its voiced obstruent is a normal voiced and its free variants: implosive and Prenasalized voiced stop. This paper discusses the evolution of voiced initials in Duchang dialect from three aspects: approximantization, liquidization and spirantization. Then, some discussions are made on the nature of voiced consonant in Duchang dialect and the problem that the CIQING initials voicing. There is a claim that the QUANZHUO initials in Middle Chinese are with slack voice. When the initial consonant is devoicing, the low tone becomes aspirated voiceless, and the high tone becomes non-aspirated voiceless. The QUANAHUO initials in Duchang dialect are plain voiced, and Its QUANAHUO group and CIQING group have different tones. The claim cannot explain the merge of QUANAHUO and CIQING initials in Duchang dialect, so It is necessary to find another explanation.
Title:
贛語都昌方言“濁音”聲母的演化音系學考察
Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1163/2405478X-01402006
Language:
Chinese
Pages:
289–303
Keywords:
都昌方言; 全濁和次清聲母; 音系演變; 濁聲母性質;
In:
Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics
In:
Volume 14: Issue 2
Publisher:
Brill
E-ISSN:
2405-478X
Print ISSN:
1933-6985
Subjects:
China, Asian Studies, Uralic, Altaic & East Asian Languages, Languages and Linguistics

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