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論南方漢語的重行體標記「過」

—‍—以海陸客語為中心

The Repetitive Aspect Marker Guo in the Southern Sinitic Languages, Mainly Discussing Taiwanese Hailu Hakka

in Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics
Autor:in:
雅裕 遠藤 [Masahiro Endo] 中央大學 (Chuo University) 日本 (Japan) 東京 (Tokyo)

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Online-Publikationsdatum:
15 Dec 2021
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摘要

「過」可以構成「V過」短語，表示以V所指的位移方式跨越某處。包括臺灣海陸客語在內的南方漢語的這種短語亦可表示“為了修正或補償再做一次V所指的動作”，如，「寫過」表示“再寫一次”。這種「過」稱為重行體標記或補償體標記（簡稱“重行「過」”）。本文主要對以往的研究補充一些臺灣客語的共時層面和歷時層面的重行「過」的材料，並討論以海陸客語為中心的南方漢語的重行「過」的詞義以及語法化途徑。結論為：重行「過」的核心語義為“謂語動詞所指的動作行為從頭到尾做一遍，做得完善”，而“再做”義和“修正”義等是通過“語境引發的重新解釋”(Heine & Kuteva 2002:2) 而產生的。這有兩種途徑。一種是，「過」常與「重新」、「再」、「再過」等“再做”義副詞共現，構成「再V過」等格式，而在這個格式裡副詞的“再做”義沾染到「過」字上。另一種是，「V過」常用在需要通過再做已經做過的動作而加以修正的語境裡。這種語境會促使「過」獲得“再做”義和“修正”義。這種「過」有可能派生於南宋《朱子語類》中的“從頭到尾做一遍”義的「過」（楊永龍2001）。重行「過」具體的語法化步驟如下：(i)作為趨向補語表示跨越空間或時間；(ii)作為趨向補語和體標記，表示V所指的動作從頭到尾做一遍；(iii)作為體標記，表示為了修正或補償再做一次V所指的動作；(iv)作為體標記，只表示再做一次某種動作。

Abstract

Guo can constitute the V+guo phrase to express passing somewhere using an action that V denotes. This phrase can also express doing something again to correct or to compensate for something, as in Xie guo (Write it again, i.e. to correct), especially in the southern Sinitic languages. This kind of guo is called the repetitive aspect marker or compensative aspect marker. In this paper, we have focused on go[ko21], a cognate of guo, in Taiwanese Hailu Hakka and have mainly discussed two points: the syntactic and semantic description of it synchronically and diachronically; and a proposal about its grammaticalization from verb to repetitive aspect marker. First, we have found that the core meaning of this morpheme is to act on something all the way from the beginning to the end. This meaning has also been found in Zhuzi Yulei (朱子語類) which was first compiled in the Southern Song dynasty. Second, it is true that this type of guo has acquired two semantic features, compensation and repetition in the situation in which the V+guo phrase is used to correct or compensate for something. However, this type of guo does not just denote repeating an action as with the adverb zai (again). Its meaning has been produced by both the core meaning and this context. The process of grammaticalization from verb to repetitive aspect marker is: (i) to pass somewhere spatially and temporally as a directional complement; (ii) to act on something all the way from the beginning to the end as a directional complement and an aspect marker; (iii) to repeat an act to compensate for something as an aspect marker; (iv) to repeat an act as an aspect marker without compensating.
Titel:
論南方漢語的重行體標記「過」
Artikelkategorie:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1163/2405478X-01402011
Sprache:
Chinesisch
Seiten:
187–213
Keywords:
海陸客語; 「過」; 重行體; 語境引發的重新解釋; 語法化;
Quelltitel:
Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics
Band/Ausgabe:
Band 14: Ausgabe 2
Verleger:
Brill
eISSN:
2405-478X
Print ISSN:
1933-6985
Fachgebiete:
China, Asien-Studien, Uralische, Altaische & Ostasiatische Sprachen, Sprache und Linguistik

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