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Fire, Faith, and Rule: Why Indic Cremation Rites Transformed Southeast Asian State Rituals

in Asian Review of World Histories
Autor:in:
Anirban Das State Aided College Teacher, Department of History, Panihati Mahavidyalaya (Affiliated with West Bengal State University) Kolkata India

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https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1821-9892
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Abstract

Why did so many Southeast Asian kingdoms choose cremation as a royal rite? Fire rituals weren’t simply imported from India. This paper examines how the rituals were reshaped by already established local beliefs that valued cremation. Sites like Sa Huỳnh and Ban Non Wat show that fire burials were current long before Indian religions arrived in the region. Later, Hindu and Buddhist cremation rites were not blindly copied but put to use by monarchs in Funan, Champa, Srivijaya, and Majapahit to broadcast the rulers’ sacred kingship. Religious specialists like Brahmins and monks helped introduce these ideas, but local people made them their own. Meanwhile, regions like northern Vietnam kept their Confucian burial traditions. This paper argues that cremation became part of a political and spiritual language, not because of cultural domination, but because it resonated with existing ways of thinking about death, power, and ancestry.

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