This article analyzes a caliphal letter from 119 AH/737 CE sent by the Umayyad Caliph HishÄm b. Ê¿Abd al-Malik to his governor of Iraq, KhÄlid b. Ê¿AbdallÄh al-QasrÄ«, arguing that it is an authentic administrative document preserved from the Umayyad archives. Through a detailed comparison of two early versionsâfound in al-MuwaffaqiyyÄt by al-Zubayr b. BakkÄr and al-KÄmil by al-Mubarradâthe study demonstrates that the version preserved by al-Zubayr is closer to the original. It was transmitted by Qaḥdham, a financial secretary active in Umayyad Iraq, who had known access to state registers and archival material.
The article examines linguistic, stylistic, and structural features of both versions, noting that the al-KÄmil recension contains additions, elaborations, and adjustments likely reflecting later scribal or pedagogical interventions. In contrast, the al-MuwaffaqiyyÄt version retains inconsistencies and phrasing characteristic of original bureaucratic prose, supporting its authenticity. By tracing the chain of transmission and contextualizing Qaḥdhamâs biography, the study reinforces the likelihood that the letter was copied directly from the Iraqi dÄ«wÄn and not fabricated or reconstructed from oral reports.
This analysis has broader implications for early Islamic historiography and epistolography. It highlights the possibility of recovering original state documents through careful textual scrutiny and underscores the role of administrative archives in shaping early historical memory. The letter also offers rare insight into Umayyad rhetorical and political strategies, exemplifying how caliphal correspondence functioned as a tool of governance and discipline. The study sets a methodological precedent for distinguishing original documentary texts from later literary adaptations in early Islamic sources.
"ØªØªÙØ§ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù اÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ٠ؤرÙÙØ®Ø© Ø³ÙØ© 119ÙÙÙÙ/737٠أرسÙÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ®ÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙ ÙØ´Ø§Ù ب٠عبد اÙÙ Ù٠إÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙ٠عÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§ÙØ Ø®Ø§ÙØ¯ ب٠عبد اÙÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ø±ÙÙØ ÙØªØ£ØªÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙØØ¬Ø¬ Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙØ¸Ùر Ø£ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ«ÙÙØ© إدارÙÙØ© أصÙÙØ© Ù ØÙÙØ¸Ø© Ù٠دÙÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ©. ÙØ¨Ù ÙØ§Ø±ÙØ© دÙÙÙØ© بÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®ØªÙ٠٠بÙÙØ±ØªÙÙ â Ø¥ØØ¯Ø§Ù٠ا Ù٠اÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙØ§Øª ÙÙØ²Ø¨Ùر ب٠بÙÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ§Ùأخر٠Ù٠اÙÙØ§Ù Ù ÙÙÙ Ø¨Ø±ÙØ¯ â ØªÙبÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø£ÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© Ø§ÙØ²Ø¨Ùر Ø£ÙØ±Ø¨ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙØ ÙÙØ¯ ÙÙÙÙØª ع٠طرÙÙ ÙÙØÙØ°Ù Ø Ø§ÙÙØ§ØªØ¨ اÙ٠اÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ´Ø· Ù٠إدارة Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙ ÙØµÙ٠٠باشر Ø¥Ù٠سجÙÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ«Ø§Ø¦ÙÙØ§.
تدرس اÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ³Ù ات اÙÙØºÙÙÙØ© ÙØ§ÙأسÙÙØ¨ÙÙØ© ÙØ§ÙبÙÙÙÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙØ³Ø®ØªÙÙØ ٠بÙÙÙØ©Ù ٠ا تتض٠ÙÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© اÙÙØ§Ù Ù Ù Ù Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© ÙØªÙسعة ÙØªØ¹Ø¯ÙÙØ ÙØ¹ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ§ØªØ¬Ø© ع٠تدخÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ùاخ Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ´Ø±ÙاØ. Ø£Ù ÙØ§ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© اÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙØ§Øª ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ ÙØ¯Ù٠عÙÙ Ø£ØµØ§ÙØªÙا Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙÙØ§ بعض Ø§ÙØªØ¨Ø§ÙÙØ§Øª ÙØ§ÙتراÙÙØ¨ اÙÙØºÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªØªÙØ³Ù Ø¨ÙØ§ اÙÙØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§ÙØ¨ÙرÙÙØ±Ø§Ø·ÙÙØ©. ÙÙ Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù ØªØªÙØ¨Ø¹ Ø³ÙØ³ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø³Ùاد ÙØ³ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ùرة Ø§ÙØ°Ø§ØªÙÙØ© ÙÙØÙØ°Ù Ø ØªØ¹Ø²ÙØ² Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© ÙØ±Ø¶ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ÙÙØ³Ø®Øª ٠باشرة٠٠٠دÙÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§ÙØ ÙØ§ Ø£ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙÙÙØª ÙØ£Ø¹Ùد ترÙÙØ¨Ùا Ù Ù Ø±ÙØ§Ùات Ø´ÙÙÙÙØ©.
ÙØªÙدÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø¥Ø³ÙØ§Ù ÙØ§ بÙÙÙÙØ§ Ù٠٠جاÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ® ÙØ§ÙÙØªØ§Ø¨Ø©Ø ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø¥Ø³ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ© ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©. ÙÙÙ ØªÙØ¸Ùر Ø£ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙØ¥Ù ÙØ§Ù استعادة اÙÙØ«Ø§Ø¦Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÙÙØ© ÙÙØ¯ÙÙØ© Ù Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØªØÙÙ٠اÙÙØµÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙÙ. ÙØªÙبرز Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø¯ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø´ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø¯Ø§Ø±ÙÙ Ù٠تشÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ø§Ùرة Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙÙØ© اÙ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©. ÙØ¥Ù٠ذÙÙØ ÙØ§ÙØ±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ØªØªÙØ ÙÙØ§ ÙØ±ØµØ© ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ø© ÙÙØ§Ø·ÙÙØ§Ø¹ عÙ٠أساÙÙØ¨ Ø§ÙØ®Ø·Ø§Ø¨ ÙØ§ÙØ³ÙØ§Ø³Ø© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØµØ± Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§Ø¹ØªØ¨Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ ٠ثاÙÙØ§ ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù Ø±Ø³Ø§Ø¦Ù Ø§ÙØ®ÙÙØ§Ø¡ أداة٠ÙÙØÙÙ ÙÙØ±Ø¶ Ø§ÙØ§Ùضباط. ÙØªØ¶Ø¹ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© بذÙÙ Ø¥Ø·Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ Ù ÙÙØ¬ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØªÙ ÙÙØ² بÙ٠اÙÙØµÙص Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÙÙØ© Ù٠ا طرأ عÙÙÙØ§ ٠٠تعدÙÙ Ù٠اÙ٠صادر Ø§ÙØ¥Ø³Ùا٠ÙÙØ© اÙ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©."
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 164 | 164 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 47 | 47 | 5 |
This article analyzes a caliphal letter from 119 AH/737 CE sent by the Umayyad Caliph HishÄm b. Ê¿Abd al-Malik to his governor of Iraq, KhÄlid b. Ê¿AbdallÄh al-QasrÄ«, arguing that it is an authentic administrative document preserved from the Umayyad archives. Through a detailed comparison of two early versionsâfound in al-MuwaffaqiyyÄt by al-Zubayr b. BakkÄr and al-KÄmil by al-Mubarradâthe study demonstrates that the version preserved by al-Zubayr is closer to the original. It was transmitted by Qaḥdham, a financial secretary active in Umayyad Iraq, who had known access to state registers and archival material.
The article examines linguistic, stylistic, and structural features of both versions, noting that the al-KÄmil recension contains additions, elaborations, and adjustments likely reflecting later scribal or pedagogical interventions. In contrast, the al-MuwaffaqiyyÄt version retains inconsistencies and phrasing characteristic of original bureaucratic prose, supporting its authenticity. By tracing the chain of transmission and contextualizing Qaḥdhamâs biography, the study reinforces the likelihood that the letter was copied directly from the Iraqi dÄ«wÄn and not fabricated or reconstructed from oral reports.
This analysis has broader implications for early Islamic historiography and epistolography. It highlights the possibility of recovering original state documents through careful textual scrutiny and underscores the role of administrative archives in shaping early historical memory. The letter also offers rare insight into Umayyad rhetorical and political strategies, exemplifying how caliphal correspondence functioned as a tool of governance and discipline. The study sets a methodological precedent for distinguishing original documentary texts from later literary adaptations in early Islamic sources.
"ØªØªÙØ§ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù اÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ٠ؤرÙÙØ®Ø© Ø³ÙØ© 119ÙÙÙÙ/737٠أرسÙÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ®ÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙ ÙØ´Ø§Ù ب٠عبد اÙÙ Ù٠إÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙ٠عÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§ÙØ Ø®Ø§ÙØ¯ ب٠عبد اÙÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ø±ÙÙØ ÙØªØ£ØªÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙØØ¬Ø¬ Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙØ¸Ùر Ø£ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ«ÙÙØ© إدارÙÙØ© أصÙÙØ© Ù ØÙÙØ¸Ø© Ù٠دÙÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ©. ÙØ¨Ù ÙØ§Ø±ÙØ© دÙÙÙØ© بÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®ØªÙ٠٠بÙÙØ±ØªÙÙ â Ø¥ØØ¯Ø§Ù٠ا Ù٠اÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙØ§Øª ÙÙØ²Ø¨Ùر ب٠بÙÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ§Ùأخر٠Ù٠اÙÙØ§Ù Ù ÙÙÙ Ø¨Ø±ÙØ¯ â ØªÙبÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø£ÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© Ø§ÙØ²Ø¨Ùر Ø£ÙØ±Ø¨ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙØ ÙÙØ¯ ÙÙÙÙØª ع٠طرÙÙ ÙÙØÙØ°Ù Ø Ø§ÙÙØ§ØªØ¨ اÙ٠اÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ´Ø· Ù٠إدارة Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙ ÙØµÙ٠٠باشر Ø¥Ù٠سجÙÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ«Ø§Ø¦ÙÙØ§.
تدرس اÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ³Ù ات اÙÙØºÙÙÙØ© ÙØ§ÙأسÙÙØ¨ÙÙØ© ÙØ§ÙبÙÙÙÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙØ³Ø®ØªÙÙØ ٠بÙÙÙØ©Ù ٠ا تتض٠ÙÙÙ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© اÙÙØ§Ù Ù Ù Ù Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© ÙØªÙسعة ÙØªØ¹Ø¯ÙÙØ ÙØ¹ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ§ØªØ¬Ø© ع٠تدخÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ùاخ Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ´Ø±ÙاØ. Ø£Ù ÙØ§ ÙØ³Ø®Ø© اÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙØ§Øª ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ ÙØ¯Ù٠عÙÙ Ø£ØµØ§ÙØªÙا Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙÙØ§ بعض Ø§ÙØªØ¨Ø§ÙÙØ§Øª ÙØ§ÙتراÙÙØ¨ اÙÙØºÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªØªÙØ³Ù Ø¨ÙØ§ اÙÙØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§ÙØ¨ÙرÙÙØ±Ø§Ø·ÙÙØ©. ÙÙ Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù ØªØªÙØ¨Ø¹ Ø³ÙØ³ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø³Ùاد ÙØ³ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ùرة Ø§ÙØ°Ø§ØªÙÙØ© ÙÙØÙØ°Ù Ø ØªØ¹Ø²ÙØ² Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© ÙØ±Ø¶ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ÙÙØ³Ø®Øª ٠باشرة٠٠٠دÙÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø§ÙØ ÙØ§ Ø£ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙÙÙØª ÙØ£Ø¹Ùد ترÙÙØ¨Ùا Ù Ù Ø±ÙØ§Ùات Ø´ÙÙÙÙØ©.
ÙØªÙدÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø¥Ø³ÙØ§Ù ÙØ§ بÙÙÙÙØ§ Ù٠٠جاÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ® ÙØ§ÙÙØªØ§Ø¨Ø©Ø ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø¥Ø³ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ© ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©. ÙÙÙ ØªÙØ¸Ùر Ø£ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙØ¥Ù ÙØ§Ù استعادة اÙÙØ«Ø§Ø¦Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÙÙØ© ÙÙØ¯ÙÙØ© Ù Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØªØÙÙ٠اÙÙØµÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙÙ. ÙØªÙبرز Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø¯ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø´ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø¯Ø§Ø±ÙÙ Ù٠تشÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ø§Ùرة Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙÙØ© اÙ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©. ÙØ¥Ù٠ذÙÙØ ÙØ§ÙØ±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© ØªØªÙØ ÙÙØ§ ÙØ±ØµØ© ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ø© ÙÙØ§Ø·ÙÙØ§Ø¹ عÙ٠أساÙÙØ¨ Ø§ÙØ®Ø·Ø§Ø¨ ÙØ§ÙØ³ÙØ§Ø³Ø© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØµØ± Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§Ø¹ØªØ¨Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ ٠ثاÙÙØ§ ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù Ø±Ø³Ø§Ø¦Ù Ø§ÙØ®ÙÙØ§Ø¡ أداة٠ÙÙØÙÙ ÙÙØ±Ø¶ Ø§ÙØ§Ùضباط. ÙØªØ¶Ø¹ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© بذÙÙ Ø¥Ø·Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ Ù ÙÙØ¬ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØªÙ ÙÙØ² بÙ٠اÙÙØµÙص Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÙÙØ© Ù٠ا طرأ عÙÙÙØ§ ٠٠تعدÙÙ Ù٠اÙ٠صادر Ø§ÙØ¥Ø³Ùا٠ÙÙØ© اÙ٠بÙÙØ±Ø©."
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 164 | 164 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 47 | 47 | 5 |