The purist approach of most Arab linguists is most clearly demonstrated in the genre of laḥn al-Ê¿Ämma (solecism). Authors typically cite usage which they attribute to the generality of people (Ê¿Ämma), and less often to the elite or educated people (khÄṣṣa) or to both groups, and dismiss it as laḥn, mostly on morphological and semantic grounds. A few authors, however, were more tolerant of laḥn and tried to justify it by various means.
Following a brief introduction which traces the origin of the notion of laḥn in the linguistic tradition, and shows how the terms Ê¿Ämma and khÄṣṣa were not clearly defined in the literature, this study examines a representative sample of thirty words derived from AbÅ« Muḥammad al-QÄsim b. Ê¿AlÄ« alâḤarÄ«rÄ«âs (d. 516/1122) Durrat al-ghawwÄá¹£ in the light of the corpus of the Doha Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language. In each case, the usage described as laḥn is shown to be attested in the period known as Ê¿uṣūr al-iḥtijÄj or epochs of reliable usage. The earliest attested shÄhid for each usage is cited along with the number of occurrences of the âincorrectâ and âcorrectâ forms in the corpus of the DHDAL. In dismissing usage that goes back to Ê¿uṣūr al-iḥtijÄj, ḤarÄ«rÄ« and other authors may, at times, not have been cognizant of the attested material. In most cases, however, they dismiss usage because they largely ignore not only the changes that words and constructions undergo, but also the role of analogy in linguistic change.
"تتجÙÙÙ ÙØ²Ø¹Ø©Ù اÙÙØºÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¨ Ø§ÙØµÙائÙÙØ© â Ø£Ùثر٠٠ا تتجÙÙÙ â Ù٠صÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ£ÙÙ٠اÙ٠عرÙÙ Ø¨ÙØÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©. ÙÙØ¯ ÙØ§Ù ٠٠دأبÙ٠أ٠ÙÙØ³Ø¨Ùا Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©Ø ÙØ£ØÙاÙÙØ§ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµÙØ© Ø£Ù ÙÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ±ÙÙÙÙØ Ø§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§ØªÙ ÙØ«Ùرة٠ÙÙÙØÙÙÙÙØ§ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ùا Ø¥Ù٠اعتبارات صرÙÙÙØ© ÙØ¯ÙاÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØºØ§Ùب. Ù٠ع ÙØ°Ø§ ÙÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¨Ø±Ù عدد ٠٠اÙ٠صÙÙÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ ØªØ¨ÙØ§Ù ÙØ¬Ù Ø§ÙØµÙاب Ù٠بعض ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§Øª.
تبدأ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø¨Ù ÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø© Ù ÙØ¬Ø²Ø© تبÙÙÙ٠أص٠٠ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙØÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ±Ø§Ø« اÙÙØºÙÙÙ ÙØªÙØ¸ÙØ± Ø§ÙØºÙ ÙØ¶ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙÙØªÙÙ Ù ØµØ·ÙØÙÙ ""Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµÙØ©"" Ù""Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©"" ÙÙ ÙØªØ¨ اÙÙØÙ. ث٠٠تترÙÙØ² Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© عÙÙ ÙÙ ÙØ°Ø¬ ت٠ثÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙ Ø«ÙØ§Ø«ÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ø© Ù Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø© Ù Ù ÙØªØ§Ø¨ Ø¯Ø±ÙØ© Ø§ÙØºÙÙØ§Øµ ÙØ£Ø¨Ù Ù ØÙ ÙØ¯ اÙÙØ§Ø³Ù ب٠عÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ±ÙØ±ÙÙ (تÙÙÙÙÙÙ 516/1122)Ø ÙØªØ¹Ø§Ø±Ø¶Ùا ب٠دÙÙÙÙØ© Ù Ø¹Ø¬Ù Ø§ÙØ¯ÙØØ© Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙÙ ÙÙÙØºØ© Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¨ÙÙØ©. ÙÙØ¨ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¨ØØ«Ù ÙÙ ÙÙ٠٠ثا٠أÙ٠اÙÙØ¬Ù اÙÙ ÙØÙÙ٠عÙÙÙ Ø´ÙØ§Ùد Ù٠٠دÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ Ø¹Ø¬Ù ØªØ¹ÙØ¯ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø§ÙØ§ØØªØ¬Ø§Ø¬Ø Ù٠ا ÙÙØµÙ عÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¯Ù Ø´Ø§ÙØ¯ Ù ÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ°Ùر عدد اÙÙ Ø±ÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØ±Ø¯ ÙÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ¬Ù اÙÙ ÙØÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙØ¬Ù اÙ٠صÙÙÙØ¨ Ù٠اÙ٠دÙÙÙÙØ©. ÙÙÙØ®Ùص Ø§ÙØ¨ØØ« Ø¥Ù٠أÙ٠تخطئة Ø§ÙØØ±ÙØ±ÙÙ ÙØ³Ùا٠٠٠اÙ٠صÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§ØªÙ ترجع Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø§ÙØ§ØØªØ¬Ø§Ø¬ ÙØ¯ ÙÙÙÙ Ù ÙØ±ÙدÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§Ø¶Ø¹ Ø¨Ø£Ø¹ÙØ§ÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ø§ÙØ¥ØØ§Ø·Ø© Ø¨ÙØ§. ØºÙØ± Ø£Ù٠أسباب Ø§ÙØªØ®Ø·Ø¦Ø© ØªØ¹ÙØ¯Ø ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØºÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ø§ÙØ¥Ùرار Ø¨Ø§ÙØªØºÙÙØ±Ø§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ تطرأ عÙ٠اÙÙÙ٠ات â ÙÙØ§ سÙÙ٠ا ٠٠اÙÙØ§ØÙØ© Ø§ÙØµØ±ÙÙÙØ© â ÙØ¨Ø¯Ùر اÙÙÙØ§Ø³ Ù٠ع٠ÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªØºÙÙØ± اÙÙØºÙÙÙ."
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 199 | 199 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 15 | 15 | 3 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 44 | 44 | 8 |
The purist approach of most Arab linguists is most clearly demonstrated in the genre of laḥn al-Ê¿Ämma (solecism). Authors typically cite usage which they attribute to the generality of people (Ê¿Ämma), and less often to the elite or educated people (khÄṣṣa) or to both groups, and dismiss it as laḥn, mostly on morphological and semantic grounds. A few authors, however, were more tolerant of laḥn and tried to justify it by various means.
Following a brief introduction which traces the origin of the notion of laḥn in the linguistic tradition, and shows how the terms Ê¿Ämma and khÄṣṣa were not clearly defined in the literature, this study examines a representative sample of thirty words derived from AbÅ« Muḥammad al-QÄsim b. Ê¿AlÄ« alâḤarÄ«rÄ«âs (d. 516/1122) Durrat al-ghawwÄá¹£ in the light of the corpus of the Doha Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language. In each case, the usage described as laḥn is shown to be attested in the period known as Ê¿uṣūr al-iḥtijÄj or epochs of reliable usage. The earliest attested shÄhid for each usage is cited along with the number of occurrences of the âincorrectâ and âcorrectâ forms in the corpus of the DHDAL. In dismissing usage that goes back to Ê¿uṣūr al-iḥtijÄj, ḤarÄ«rÄ« and other authors may, at times, not have been cognizant of the attested material. In most cases, however, they dismiss usage because they largely ignore not only the changes that words and constructions undergo, but also the role of analogy in linguistic change.
"تتجÙÙÙ ÙØ²Ø¹Ø©Ù اÙÙØºÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¨ Ø§ÙØµÙائÙÙØ© â Ø£Ùثر٠٠ا تتجÙÙÙ â Ù٠صÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ£ÙÙ٠اÙ٠عرÙÙ Ø¨ÙØÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©. ÙÙØ¯ ÙØ§Ù ٠٠دأبÙ٠أ٠ÙÙØ³Ø¨Ùا Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©Ø ÙØ£ØÙاÙÙØ§ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµÙØ© Ø£Ù ÙÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ±ÙÙÙÙØ Ø§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§ØªÙ ÙØ«Ùرة٠ÙÙÙØÙÙÙÙØ§ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ùا Ø¥Ù٠اعتبارات صرÙÙÙØ© ÙØ¯ÙاÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØºØ§Ùب. Ù٠ع ÙØ°Ø§ ÙÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¨Ø±Ù عدد ٠٠اÙ٠صÙÙÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ ØªØ¨ÙØ§Ù ÙØ¬Ù Ø§ÙØµÙاب Ù٠بعض ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§Øª.
تبدأ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© Ø¨Ù ÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø© Ù ÙØ¬Ø²Ø© تبÙÙÙ٠أص٠٠ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙØÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ±Ø§Ø« اÙÙØºÙÙÙ ÙØªÙØ¸ÙØ± Ø§ÙØºÙ ÙØ¶ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙÙØªÙÙ Ù ØµØ·ÙØÙÙ ""Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµÙØ©"" Ù""Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù ÙØ©"" ÙÙ ÙØªØ¨ اÙÙØÙ. ث٠٠تترÙÙØ² Ø§ÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø© عÙÙ ÙÙ ÙØ°Ø¬ ت٠ثÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙ Ø«ÙØ§Ø«ÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ø© Ù Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø© Ù Ù ÙØªØ§Ø¨ Ø¯Ø±ÙØ© Ø§ÙØºÙÙØ§Øµ ÙØ£Ø¨Ù Ù ØÙ ÙØ¯ اÙÙØ§Ø³Ù ب٠عÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ±ÙØ±ÙÙ (تÙÙÙÙÙÙ 516/1122)Ø ÙØªØ¹Ø§Ø±Ø¶Ùا ب٠دÙÙÙÙØ© Ù Ø¹Ø¬Ù Ø§ÙØ¯ÙØØ© Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙÙ ÙÙÙØºØ© Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¨ÙÙØ©. ÙÙØ¨ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¨ØØ«Ù ÙÙ ÙÙ٠٠ثا٠أÙ٠اÙÙØ¬Ù اÙÙ ÙØÙÙ٠عÙÙÙ Ø´ÙØ§Ùد Ù٠٠دÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ Ø¹Ø¬Ù ØªØ¹ÙØ¯ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø§ÙØ§ØØªØ¬Ø§Ø¬Ø Ù٠ا ÙÙØµÙ عÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¯Ù Ø´Ø§ÙØ¯ Ù ÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ°Ùر عدد اÙÙ Ø±ÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØ±Ø¯ ÙÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ¬Ù اÙÙ ÙØÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙØ¬Ù اÙ٠صÙÙÙØ¨ Ù٠اÙ٠دÙÙÙÙØ©. ÙÙÙØ®Ùص Ø§ÙØ¨ØØ« Ø¥Ù٠أÙ٠تخطئة Ø§ÙØØ±ÙØ±ÙÙ ÙØ³Ùا٠٠٠اÙ٠صÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØªØ¹Ù Ø§ÙØ§ØªÙ ترجع Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹ØµÙØ± Ø§ÙØ§ØØªØ¬Ø§Ø¬ ÙØ¯ ÙÙÙÙ Ù ÙØ±ÙدÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§Ø¶Ø¹ Ø¨Ø£Ø¹ÙØ§ÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ø§ÙØ¥ØØ§Ø·Ø© Ø¨ÙØ§. ØºÙØ± Ø£Ù٠أسباب Ø§ÙØªØ®Ø·Ø¦Ø© ØªØ¹ÙØ¯Ø ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØºÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ø§ÙØ¥Ùرار Ø¨Ø§ÙØªØºÙÙØ±Ø§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ تطرأ عÙ٠اÙÙÙ٠ات â ÙÙØ§ سÙÙ٠ا ٠٠اÙÙØ§ØÙØ© Ø§ÙØµØ±ÙÙÙØ© â ÙØ¨Ø¯Ùر اÙÙÙØ§Ø³ Ù٠ع٠ÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªØºÙÙØ± اÙÙØºÙÙÙ."
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 199 | 199 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 15 | 15 | 3 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 44 | 44 | 8 |