2.1 Adriaan Reland, De religione Mohammedica (1705), frontispiece of the second edition (with a ‘Turkish scene’), 1717. [Courtesy Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam, OTM: OK 61-1596] 45
5.1 Frontispiece and title page of De natuurlyke wysgeer, of het Leven van Hai ebn Jokdan, Rotterdam, by Pieter Van der Veer, 1701. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, 841 F 23] 114
5.2 Frontispiece and title page of Historie der Sevarambes…, Door S.d.B., Amsterdam, Willem de Coup, Willem Lamsvelt etc., 1701. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, 1366 E 16] 128
10.1 Dedication to Reland by de Wilde, in Selecta Numismata Antiqua, 1694. [Courtesy Huib Zuidervaart] 287
10.2 A Roman coin featuring a head wearing a lion’s scalp, and two fish, drawing by Adriaan Reland, ‘Dissertatio de Inscriptione Nummorum quorundam Samaritanorum’, p. 24. [Public domain] 290
10.3 A 2nd-century BC coin from Cádiz, Spain, with head of Herakles wearing a lion’s skin (obverse), two tunny fish and Punic script (reverse). [Courtesy Roma Numismatics Ltd,
10.4 Cornelis de Bruijn by Gerard Valck (after Gottfried Kneller). [Courtesy Rijksmuseum, RP-P-1906-2511 (public domain)] 297
10.5 Mecca with Kaʿba, oil painting, early 18th century [Courtesy Uppsala University Library, UU 2372 (public domain)] 299
10.6 Templum Meccanum in Reland’s De religione Mohammedica (1717). [Public domain] 300
10.7 A dedication from Valentijn to Reland on Hikayat Ismayatim. [Courtesy University of Manchester, The John Rylands Library, Malay MS 3] 302
10.8 A Russian abecedarium and a prayer book (1637) with dedication from Sike to Reland. [Courtesy Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, inv. no. 1173 E 36] 302
10.9 A dedication from Sike to Reland in a Russian Orthodox Calendar of Saints from c. 1593. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde LTK 965] 303
10.10 Reland’s album amicorum inscription for Engelbert van Engelen (1703). [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, MS PAP 21 f. 63] 306
10.11 Reland’s inscription for Samuel Haliday (1706). [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, MS AHM 8] 307
10.12 Reland’s inscription for Pieter Schenk (1706). [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, MS 903 f. 72r] 308
10.13 Reland’s inscription for Nicolas Chevalier (1703) and the portrait by Pieter Schenk. [Courtesy Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, 69 B 8, f. 120v, 120r] 310
11.1 Inscription by Cornelis Mutter in Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Cod. Orient. 177. [Courtesy Hamburg Staats- und Universitätsbibliotheek] 329
11.2 Flyleaf of Utrecht University Library, MS 1439. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library] 337
11.3 Title page of Utrecht University Library, MS 1478. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library] 339
11.4 and 11.5 Title pages of Utrecht University Library, MS 1483 and MS 21. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library] 341
11.6 Inscription on the title page of Utrecht University Library, MS 1482. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library] 342
11.7 Title page of Utrecht University Library, MS 1443. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library] 345
11.8 Marginal notes by Sikius and Reland on p. 42 of Utrecht University Library, V fol 89 rar. [Courtesy Utrecht University Library]
12.1 Adriaan Reland’s inaugural lecture on the merits of the Persian language, Utrecht, 1701. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Portef. 109 no. 20] 364
12.2 Antoine Galland’s dedication to Adriaan Reland in his own copy and translation of the Pandnāma. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Or. 1226, flyleaf] 366
12.3 The ‘titulus deauratus’ (gilded title page) of a manuscript of Anvār-i Suhaylī by Vāʿiẓ Kāshifī. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Or. 1232, fol. 1b] 376
12.4 Opening page of a Qurʾan from Manipa (near Ambon, Indonesia), dated 1694 CE. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Or. 1945, fol. 1b] 385
12.5 Annotations by Adriaan Reland in a convolute beginning with Tashīl al-maqāṣid by al-Aqfahsī. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Acad. 29, fol. 1a] 388
13.1 Self portrait of Maria de Wilde. Etching. [Courtesy Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1910-1860 (public domain)] 416
13.2 Portrait by Pieter van den Berge of Jacob de Wilde holding the tray of a dactyliotheca with gems. Copper engraving. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Singer 33543 suppl.] 417
13.3 The Museum Wildianum is visited by Czar Peter the Great. Jacob de Wilde explains pieces of his collection to the royal visitor. Etching, published in [De Wilde], Signa antiqua [Courtesy Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1938-1300 (public domain)] 418
13.4 The Āyat al-Kursī in seal 1. Example of the typography of Arabic, so detested by Reland, taken from his essay on gems and seals (Utrecht 1708), p. 236. Ter Lugt collection, Leiden 418
13.5 Ṭughra of Sultan Murad IV in a copy by Shahin Candi of an ʿAhdnāma, treaty, of 1633. [Courtesy Leiden University Libraries, Or. 3083, f. 1b] 419