1.1 Le Corbusier, “La Rome des horreurs,” Vers une architecture (Paris: G. Crès, 1923/4 1928), 139 10
1.2 Le Corbusier, “Les absides de Saint-Pierre,” Vers une architecture (Paris: G. Crès, 1923/4 1928), 133 11
1.3 Andrea Palladio, Ichnographia, orthographia & schiographia aedis peripterae (Plan, elevation, and rendering of peripteral temple), M. Vitrvvii Pollionis De architectvra libri decem, ed. Daniele Barbaro (Venice, 1567), bk. 4, ch. 7, p. 153 27
1.4 Andrea Palladio, Reconstruction of temple (“of Jupiter”) on the Quirinal Hill, I qvattro libri dell’architettvra (Venice, 1616), bk. 4, ch. 12, p. 44 29
1.5 Leon Battista Alberti, Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, begun 1446 34
1.6 Andrea Palladio, Villa Capra, Vicenza, begun 1567 35
2.1 Model of the San Lorenzo Facade, 1517 43
2.2 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Tomb of Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1521– 44
2.3 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Laurentian Library Vestibule, 1524– 45
2.4 Michelangelo Buonarroti completed by Giacomo della Porta, Buttresses of St. Peter’s, 1554– 1564 48
2.5 Michelangelo Buonarroti completed by Giacomo della Porta, Dome of St. Peter’s, completed 1590 49
2.6 Michelangelo Buonarroti completed by Giacomo della Porta, Lantern of the dome of St. Peter’s, 1590–1593 50
3.1 Giulio Cartari, Bust of Christina of Sweden, ca. 1680 56
3.2 Attributed to Nicolas Vallari, Drottning Kristinas festtåg (Queen Christina’s Party Train), mechanical float in the shape of Mt. Parnassus with the nine muses and Fame, part of a four-meter-long panorama of Christina’s coronation parade, 1650 64
3.3 Attributed to Erich Praise, Coronation Portrait Medal of Queen Christina of Sweden with Christina as Minerva on the Obverse and an Anthropomorphic Sun on the Reverse, 1650 65
3.4 Camillo Arucci, “Sala delle Muse,” at the Palazzo Riario, 17th century 68
3.5 Cleopatra, now identified as Sleeping Ariadne, 150–175 CE 70
3.6 Carlo Fontana, Queen Christina’s Cenotaph in St. Peter’s, 1700–1720 74
4.1 Antoine de Favray, Portrait of Maria Amalia Marchesi Grognet, ca. 1771 86
4.2 Antoine de Favray, Portrait of Giovanni Battista Grognet de Vassé, ca. 1771 87
4.3 Portrait of Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption, Mosta, Malta 88
4.4 Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, 1833–1860 96
4.5 Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, Spiral motifs on Neolithic temples in Malta, ca. 1854 99
4.6 Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, Kabiric spirals on the Temple of Apollo, Bassae, Greece 100
4.7 Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, A bishop’s crook derived from an Etruscan lituus 101
4.8 Relief sculpture from the island of Samothrace showing Agamemnon, Talthybius, and Epeius, ca. 560 102
4.9 Kabiric spirals on the church at Mosta 102
4.10 Kabiric spirals in the church at Mosta 103
4.11 Spiral dome, Mosta 103
5.1 Asian elephant from floor mosaic of the Great Palace, possibly early 6th century 111
5.2 African elephant from floor mosaic of the Great Palace, possibly early 6th century 112
5.3 Fragment of a sarcophagus lid, 3rd century CE 113
5.4 An elephant disembarking, detail of a floor mosaic, early 4th century CE 114
5.5 Consecratio/Apotheosis, leaf of an ivory diptych, ca. 402 115
5.6 Elephant mosaic, late-4th to early-5th century 117
5.7 The King of Kings hunting with elephants, early 7th century 119
5.8 “Shroud of Saint Josse,” before 961 120
5.9 An elephant uprooting trees in Pseudo-Oppian, Kynegetika, mid-11th century 121
5.10 “Great Lady” in a scientific MS., early 15th century 122
5.11 Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora II, Elephant given to Henry III, before 1259 124
5.12 “Catalan Atlas,” detail of Nubian elephant (5.12a on left), and detail of Elephant near Delhi (5.12b on right), ca. 1375 125
5.13 Andrea Mantegna, The Triumph of Caesar, ca. 1492 126
5.14 Attributed to Raphael or Giulio Romano, The elephant Hanno, 1514–1517 128
5.15 Leonardo da Vinci, Battle with Horses and Elephants, 1515–1518 129
6.1 Pietro and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, A Faun in Love, view of the right side, ca. 1616–1617 135
6.2 Detail of Fig. 6.1, the Faun’s Face 136
6.3 Symplegma, Hermaphroditus Struggling with Satyr, Roman copy of 2nd century BCE composition 137
6.4 Satyr Pulling a Thorn from Pan’s Foot, Roman copy of a late 2nd or early 1st century BCE composition 138
6.5 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Detail of Spandrel over the Rehoboam-Abijah Ancestor Lunette, 1508–1512 139
6.6 Jacques Joseph Coiny, “Hercules and Deianira”, after Les amours des dieux: ‘L’Arétin’ d’Augustin Carrache ou Recueil de postures érotiques, 1798 139
6.7 Detail of Fig. 6.1, Faun’s Genitalia 140
6.8 Detail of Fig. 6.1, Two Infant Spirits 141
7.1 First page of the testament of Marco Giamberti, called Marco del Buono, June 25, 1478 (detail with penultimate line reading: “al presente in bottegha di detto Marco dipinti di mano di Pagolo Uccello”) 148
7.2 Paolo di Dono, called Paolo Uccello, The Hunt in the Forest, ca. 1465–1470 149
7.3 Paolo di Dono, called Paolo Uccello, Battle on the Banks of a River, Probably the Battle of the Metaurus, ca. 1468 149
8.1 Donatello, Saint George, ca. 1415, replica 159
8.2 Donatello, Saint George and the Dragon, ca. 1417 160
8.3 Unknown, Saint George and the Dragon, 15th century 165
8.4 Donatello, Saint George and the Dragon, detail of arcade, ca. 1417 166
8.5 Donatello, Saint George and the Dragon, detail of capitals, ca. 1417 167
8.6 Leon Battista Alberti, Loggia Rucellai, ca. 1460 170
8.7 Filippo Brunelleschi, Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1419–1427 173
8.8 Orsanmichele, detail of loggia infill, 13th–15th centuries 175
9.1 Jean de Léry, Tupinamba Warriors, from Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre de Brésil, 1578 186
9.2 Daniel Hopfer, Landsknechts, ca. 1530 187
9.3 John White, A Chieftain, ca. 1585 188
9.4 Jan van der Straet, called Giovanni Stradano or Stradanus, Vespucci Landing in America, ca. 1587–1598 191
9.5 Theodor Galle after Giovanni Stradano, The Discovery of America, from the Nova Reperta, ca. 1600 192
9.6 Giovanni Stradano, Vespucci, from the Americae Retectio series, late 1580s 194
9.7 Jacopo Pontormo, male nude (Vertumnus?), detail of Vertumnus and Pomona, ca. 1520–1521 196
9.8 Agnolo Bronzino, Pygmalion and the Statue, ca. 1529–1530 197
9.9 Dosso Dossi, Jupiter Painting Butterflies, ca. 1523–1524 199
9.10 Dosso Dossi, detail of Mercury, Jupiter Painting Butterflies 201
9.11 Cantino World Map, 1502 206
9.12 Cantino World Map, detail of South American coast with parrots, 1502 207
10.1 Melchiorre Cafà, St. Rose of Lima, 1665 214
10.2 Giovanni Battista Falda and Giovanni Giacomo de’ Rossi, Altra veduta della Piazza di S. Maria della Minerva, 1669 216
10.3 Cosimo Fancelli, St. Catherine of Siena, 1656 223
10.4 Giovanni de’ Vecchi, Miraculous Communion of St. Catherine of Siena, 1579 225
10.5 Cappella di San Domenico, Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome 226
10.6 Original location of Cafà’s Rose of Lima, Convento de Santo Domingo, Lima 231
11.1 Giacomo Lauro, A View of Frascati with its Villas and Palaces, as well as Modern Churches and Ancient Ruins, in Antiquae Urbis Splendor (Rome, 1612 [1630]) 238
11.2 Castore Durante, Il tesoro della sanità (Venice, 1586) 243
11.3 Vincenzo Scamozzi, The Description of the Sixteen Winds, L’idea della architettura universale (Venice, 1615), vol. 1, bk. 2, p. 143 247
11.4 Girolamo Muziano, View of the Villa d’Este, ca. 1568 251
11.5 Matthaüs Greuter, The Papal Palace on Monte Cavallo, Rome, 1623 254
11.6 Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola and Tommaso Ghinucci, First Terrace, Villa Lante (Villa Gambara), early 1570s 258
11.7 Giacomo della Porta and Carlo Maderno, Villa Aldobrandini, begun 1598 260
12.1 Guglia of San Gennaro, 1637–1661 273
12.2 Domenico Gargiulo, Eruption of Vesuvius in 1631, ca. 1656–1660 277
12.3 Guglia of San Gennaro, from Domenico Antonio Parrino, Nuova guida de’ forastieri, 1725 278
12.4 Guglia of San Domenico, 1657–1739 279
12.5 Guglia of San Domenico, from Domenico Antonio Parrino, Nuova guida de’ forastieri, 1725 281
12.6 Domenico Antonio Vaccaro, Design for the guglia of San Domenico, ca. 1737 282
12.7 Ferdinando Sanfelice and Carlo Baldi, Disegno in prospettiva della gran Macchina Fatta Avanti il Real Palazzo (…), 1740 285
12.8 Guglia of the Immaculate Conception, 1747–1757 288
13.1 Maggi-Maupin-Losi, Plan of Rome, detail with Palazzo Colonna indicated in red, 1625 294
13.2 Giovanni Battista Falda, Plan of Rome, detail with Palazzo Colonna indicated in red, 1676 296
13.3 Giuseppe Vasi, View of the Palazzo Colonna facade, 1754 298
13.4 Giovanni Battista Nolli, Plan of Rome, detail with Palazzo Colonna indicated in red, 1748 300
13.5 Palazzo Colonna, northern portal framed by the Vicolo del Piombo 300
13.6 Palazzo Colonna, facade, with southern pavilion in foreground 301
13.7 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Veduta of the Palazzo Odescalchi, with the facade of the Palazzo Colonna on the right, ca. 1753 301
13.8 Nicola Michetti, Festival of the Chinea, Second Macchina, 1733 309