Illustrations and Diagrams
4.1 Representing differences in colour geometrically 69
From René Descartes, Regulae ad directionem ingenii in Les Oeuvres complètes de René Descartes, ed. Charles Adam and Paul Tannery, 12 vols (Paris: édition Léopold Cerf, 1897–1913), vol 10 (1908), p. 413
4.2 Parallel representations: Dots and small squares in Clavius 76
From Christopher Clavius, Euclidis elementorum libri XV. Accessit liber XVI. De solidorum regularium cuiuslibet intra quodlibet comparatione. Omnes perspicuis demonstrationibus, accuratisque scholiis illustrati, 2 vols (Frankfurt, 1607), I: 165
Courtesy of The Governing Body of Christchurch, Oxford
4.3 A figure of size ‘3’… 77
4.4 … and its attempted division by ‘2’ 77
4.5 How to transform a rectangle into a line and vice versa 80
4.6 How to transform the product ab into a simple line c, u being the unit, by using the method of the Gnomon 81
4.7 Euclid’s Elements II. 14, edited by Clavius (1607) 82
From Christopher Clavius, Euclidis elementorum libri XV. Accessit liber XVI. De solidorum regularium cuiuslibet intra quodlibet comparatione. Omnes perspicuis demonstrationibus, accuratisque scholiis illustrati, 2 vols (Frankfurt, 1607), I: 211
Courtesy of The Governing Body of Christchurch, Oxford
4.8 Euclid’s Elements VI. 13, edited by Clavius (1607) 83
From Christopher Clavius, Euclidis elementorum libri XV. Accessit liber XVI. De solidorum regularium cuiuslibet intra quodlibet comparatione. Omnes perspicuis demonstrationibus, accuratisque scholiis illustrati , 2 vols (Frankfurt, 1607), I: 564
Courtesy of The Governing Body of Christchurch, Oxford
4.9 Clavius’s construction and Descartes’s proportional compass 84
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a From Christopher Clavius, Euclidis elementorum libri XV. Accessit liber XVI. De solidorum regularium cuiuslibet intra quodlibet comparatione. Omnes perspicuis demonstrationibus, accuratisque scholiis illustrati, 2 vols (Frankfurt, 1607), I: 565
Courtesy of The Governing Body of Christchurch, Oxford
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b From René Descartes, Regulae ad directionem ingenii in Les Oeuvres complètes de René Descartes, ed. Charles Adam and Paul Tannery, 12 vols (Paris: édition Léopold Cerf, 1897–1913), vol 10 (1908), p. 234
10.1 Simon Vouet, ‘Portrait of a Man Wearing a Collar [René Descartes?]’, 1620s 205
Chalks and pastel on light brown paper, with traces of pen and ink. 27.4 × 21.1 cm
Paris, Musée du Louvre, Cabinet des dessins, no. RF 54528 recto
Photo © Musée du Louvre, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Harry Bréjat
10.2 Simon Vouet, ‘Portrait of Louis XIII’, ca. 1632–35 207
Black and white chalks with touches of pastel on light brown paper. 27.3 × 21.1 cm
New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 2012.106. Public Domain
10.3 Simon Vouet, ‘Bust Portrait of a Young Man’, ca. 1620/25 208
Black and red chalks, with stumping, on tan laid paper. 14.2 × 11.9 cm
Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, no. 2010.337. Public Domain
10.4 Frans Hals, ‘Portrait of René Descartes’, ca. 1649 211
Oil on panel. 19 × 14 cm
Copenhagen, Statens Museum fur Kunst, no. DEP7. Public Domain
10.5 Jonas Suyderhoef after Frans Hals, ‘Portrait of René Descartes’, 1650 212
Copperplate engraving. 31.5 × 22.6 cm
Amsterdam, The Rijksmuseum, RP-P-OB-60.717. Public Domain
10.6 Frans van Schooten, ‘Portrait of René Descartes’, 1644 213
Copperplate engraving. 16.9 × 10.5 cm
Amsterdam, The Rijksmuseum, RP-P-1910–4461. Public Domain
10.7 Simon Vouet, ‘Satyrs Admiring the Anamorphosis of an Elephant’, ca. 1627 215
Red chalk and pencil on paper. 24 × 33.9 cm
Darmstadt, Hessisches Landesmuseum, no. H. 21.762
10.8 Claude Mellan after Simon Vouet, ‘Allegory of the Human Soul’, 1625 216
Copperplate engraving. 54.3 × 37 cm
Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, 2003.8.2. Public Domain