Notes on Transliteration, Names of Persons and Places and Dates
The transliteration of Arabic and Persian words and phrases follows the system used in the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES) (
If not otherwise specified, dates given in this volume are Common Era (CE) dates. If two dates are provided (e.g. 17/639), the first one is the year according to the Muslim Hijra calendar (AH) and the second, the CE date. Only one CE date is given even when the Muslim year falls in two CE years. For dates preceding the year 1 AH only the CE date is provided.