administration
perspective
259 –261
regulations
85 –86
regulations and rules
20
administrative law enforcement
30 , 38 , 75
adverse consequence
causality between cause of classification
356 –359
age discrimination
composition and causes of
266 –269
domestic legislations on
274 –278
external social reasons
282 –283
in education
270 –271
in employment
270
in employment: case study of China
280 –289
in service field
271 –272
in several countries
275 –278
international legislation on eliminating
272 –273
its exceptions
280 –282
judicial practices of
284 –285
legislation on eliminating
288 –289
types of
266 –269
age of consent
176 , 177
ageism
265
anti-discrimination
8 –17
campaigns
262 –264
cases
37 –61 , 65 –72 , 93
China
laws and mechanisms
17 –28 , 81 –87
intention
75 –79
in international human rights law
4 –5 , 4 –7
law
87 –91
enacting unified
9 –10
expanding the scope of application of
92
formulating a special
91 –92
in other countries
8 –10
promote reform of
33 –72
reforms of China’s
91 –94
to regulate discrimination and safeguard equality
20 –21
litigations
30 –33
regime
255 –256
Beijing Declaration
218
Beijing Platform for Action
218
biological and social nature of special protection
125 –127
blacklists of employers
306
bonafide occupational qualification
364 –365
burden of proof
10 , 23 , 92 , 93 , 166 –168 , 203 –214 , 235 , 279 , 289 , 321 –322 , 325
Chen Gongmei v. Juanjingwa Group of Tangwa Village in Xinji Town, Xin County
363
Chen Haiyun v. Heshan Kohap Plastic Ware Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Branch Office of Heshan Kohap Plastic Ware Co., Ltd
363
childbirth
158 –161
constitute fraud
161 –164
China
anti-discrimination cases
37 –61
confirmation and protection of women’s right to equality
139 –140
courts and employment discrimination lawsuits
333 –334
legal framework and main provisions for guaranteeing equality
18 –20
legal system, right to equality in
140 –146
mechanism for equality and anti-discrimination
23 –28
China Law Report
350
colonization
of lifeworld by the system
176 –181
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (cedaw)
21
communal/ family style dining table
188
Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China
33
connotation of marriage
172
constitutional equality
345 –351
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
18 , 32 , 33 , 65 , 81 –82 , 87 , 319
Contract Law
354
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
6 , 17 , 245 , 246 , 248 , 250
countermeasures
234 –236
Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Law Governing the Administration of Entry and Exit of Foreigners and Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law
258
disability awareness
national day for helping persons with disabilities
246
disabled persons
in themes
246
protection of
84
discrimination
based on health status in China
255 –256 , 256 –265
classification
10 –11
decentralized legal provisions prohibiting
8
illegality of
359 –365
prohibiting acts of
11 –12
divisional regulations
86
domestic legislations
characteristics and development trends of
278 –280
economy
Chinese
168
development
30 , 103
free competitive market
110
socialist market system
30
transformation
123
women’s participation in
218
world
284
Education Law of the People’s Republic of China
33 , 69
employee/employer/employement
blacklists of
306
discrimination
action
320 –321 , 324
burden of proof
322 –323 , 325
Cao Ju Suing a Training School in Haidian District, Beijing
309 –311
employee’s fraud
161 –168
Gao Xiao Suing a Company in Guangdong and a Restaurant in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou
311 –312
gender, in employment
161 –168
Huang Rong Suing a Training School in Xihu District, Hangzhou
310
lawsuits
321 –323
legal liability
325 –326
Ma Hu Suing a Logistics Company and a Labor Dispatch Company
310 –311
punishment sentenced by the court
322 –324
recruitment
312 –320
secretive marriage
154 –157
secretive pregnancy or childbirth
158 –161
survey
331 –338
fraud
157 , 161 –168
secretive marriage
154 –157
secretive pregnancy or childbirth
158 –161
obligations and the employee’s rights
92
promotion law
83 –84
Employment Promotion Law
18 –21 , 33 , 52 , 63 , 67 , 77 –79 , 83 –84 , 256 –257 , 284 , 295 –303 , 313 , 318 , 325 , 341 , 346 , 353 –357
enactment
of employment promotion law in 2007 256–257
of opinions on protecting the right to work forhbvcarriers in 2007,
256
of provision on employment services and employment management in 2007
257
enforcement
90 –91 113
administrative law
30 , 114
anti-discrimination legislation
259
Constitution
348
Employment Promotion Law
350
independent law agencies
15
inequalities
198
law supervision
116
law unit
99 –100
mechanisms
130
State Council for joint law
116
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (eeoc)
216
equality
8 –17
China’s laws and mechanisms to guarantee
17 –28
China’s legal framework and main provisions for guaranteeing
18 –20
confirmation and protection of women’s right to
139 –140 , 140 –146
constitutional
345 –351
to guarantee the protection of
112 –114
enjoy and exercise rights
141 –145
in commercial social public service
110 –112
in functional social public service
106 –110
in international human rights law
4 –5 , 4 –7
in social public service
98 –102 , 105 –112
incomplete laws and regulations safeguarding
22
insufficient provisions to actively prevent discrimination
22
judicialized, right of constitutional
347 –349
judicial protection of the right of
345 –351
lack of special anti-discrimination laws
20 –21
laws and mechanisms
9 –17
legal methodology of strengthening the implementation
114 –116
local specialized agencies to promote
27 –28
measures
13 –15
national policy of
191 –192
principle of
4 –5
prohibition of discrimination
101 –104
protection
5 –7 , 17 –20
reasonable difference
101 –104
recognition and protection of
5 –7
women’s right to
146 –151
evidentiary rule
205n42
examination standard
98 , 110 –112
female staff and workers
18 , 84 , 89
festival theme
246 –249
feudalist history
185
flaws and improvement
20 –23
Food Hygiene Law
78
Food Safety Law
78
formulating a special anti- discrimination law
91 –92
fraudulent deed
155 –156 , 158 –159
fraudulent intent
156 , 160
freedom
economic
105
equality
3 –4
human rights and fundamental
7 , 219 , 242
of marriage
139
property right
110
retirement
279
rights of citizens
99
right to guarantee equality
112
Women’s personal
140 , 191
free from discrimination
140 –141
Gao Yu v. National Centre for the Performing Arts and Beijing Hepingli Hospital
353
Gazette of the Supreme People’s Court
350
gender
assessment mechanism for law and policy
24
budget
149 –151
discrimination
banning and segregation
131 –134
Cao Ju Suing training school
309
enhancing legal liability for
325 –326
Huang Rong Suing a training school
310
in employment
161 –168
in human resources market
293 –295
recruitment, employment in
312 –320
equality
at the workplace
26
legislation
147 –159
mainstreaming
146 –151
women’s right to equality
146 –151
general information
333 –334
General Medical Standards for Civil Servants (Trial)
66 , 67 , 71 , 73
General Principles of The Civil Law
313 , 347
good faith
154 , 156 , 157 , 163 , 164 , 363
Guojing v. Hangzhou Xihu District Oriental Cooking Vocational Training School
36
He Qingzhi & Chen Linden v. Chongqing Pujin Highway Transportation Co., Ltd., Liu Fengyun, and Liu Dinghong
35
hiv/aids Prevention and Treatment Regulation
256
holiday themes
250 –253
Hong Kong
influence of case law system on
175 –176
human resources market
supervision of
295 –297
illegality of discrimination
359 –364
implementation path
112 –116
Implementing Essentials of Regional Autonomy of Minority Nationalities
345
independent law enforcement agencies
15
individuals
262 –263
Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment Law
255
inferiority of women
186 , 187
influential anti-discriminations cover 13 types
63 –65
insufficient employer motivation in the sexual harassment prevention in the workplace
233 –234
Interim Common Criteria of Health Checks in Civil Service Recruitment
255 –257
International Day of Persons with Disabilities
242 –243 , 245
international human right conventions
recognition and protection of equality in
5 –7
international human rights law
equality and anti-discrimination in
4 –5
international treaties
86 –87
International Year of Persons with Disabilities
242 –243
Israel Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law
198 , 201n39
Jiang Tao v. Chengdu Branch of People’s Bank of China
34
Jiang Tao v. People’s Bank of China,Chengdu Branch
348
joint supervision mechanism
299 –300
judicial perspective
261 –262
judicial protection of right of equality
345 –351
judicial relief mechanisms
324 –326
labor
contract
157 , 160 –161
employment rights of women equivalent to men
143
law
83
market
31 , 130 , 131 , 219 , 268 , 270 , 277 , 278 , 280 , 282 , 283 , 289 , 295 , 298 , 305 , 306
taboos
18 , 25 , 86
Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China
62 , 69 , 79 , 139 , 298 , 319
Labor Law, Employment Promotion Law, and Administrative License Law
346
Law of Succession
346
Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
34 , 348
Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Disabled Persons
34 , 84 , 348
Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors
34 , 348
Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women
84 , 140 , 348 , 357
Law of the prc on the Contracting of Rural Land 363
legal
framework and flaws of equality protection
17 –20
liability, lack of
88 –89
measures taken by government to tackle social blames
72 –76
methodology of strengthening equality
114 –116
legislative perspective
255 –259
Liang v. Education Bureau in Hecheng District of Huaihua City
364
Li Dongzhao & Ren Chengyu v. Longgang Branch of the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau
35
Li Shuiqing v. Village Committee of Shuichan Village, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghaion
361
Liu Jiahai case
284 –285
local regulations
86
Marriage Law
347 , 348
Mental Health Law
259
Milong v. Yunnan Shibo Group Co., Ltd. and Kunming World Expo Co., Ltd
362
motivations
332 –333
non-discrimination
345 –351
non-legal perspective
262 –264
Notice Concerning Further Regulating Specific hbv Test in Health Checks in Education Admission and Employment Recruitment to Protect the Right to Education and Right to Work of hbv Carriers
257 , 260
Notice on Protecting the Rights of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers to Schooling and Employment
74
Opinion on Protecting Employment Right of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers 74
Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Cultivation and Practice of the Core Values of Socialism in the Work of the People’s Courts
70
Opinions on Protecting the Right to Work for hbv Carriers
256
political rights equal to men
141 –142
post-supervision activities
305 –306
prohibition of discrimination
101 –104
property rights
144 –145
punishment sentenced by court
322 –324
reform: amendment to current chinese law
208 –214
rewrite article 40,
209 –212
secretive marriage
154 –157 , 161 –168
secretive pregnancy/childbirth
158 –161 , 161 –168
sexual harassment
188 –190
2001 case, in workplace in Hainan province
204
adjudicated in China
190 –197
concept
198 –200
conduct
200 –203
coordination mechanism for preventing
233
ebmf policy in
197 –200
existing legal regime
197 –214
in new forms
185 –190
in platform for action
218 –219
in workplace based on court cases
203 –204
in workplace, develop specific plans to prevent and stop
228 –230
insufficient employer motivation in
233 –234
law and regulation system for
231 –233 , 234 –236
legal and regulatory system prohibiting
224 –228
macro-policy guidance for
220 –222
prevention
224 –225 , 237 –238
and stopping
12 –13
in workplace
220 –230
mechanism
228 –230
promote the joint efforts to prevent
236 –237
sexism and gender-based violence
216 –217
strengthen judicial protection for
230
victims
230
violence
190
Shen Rulong v. Guangdong Lvyou Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., 364
smooth relief mechanism
15 –16
socialist market economy system
30
social public service
challenge of social prejudice
98 –102
commercial
110 –112
protection of equality
106 –110
special litigation procedures, for anti-discrimination cases
93
special protection
biological and social nature of
125 –127
cost
128 –131
statutes
83 –84
statutory application scope
352 –353
strict legal responsibilities
16 –17
supervision
of human resources market
301 –307
methods
303 –306
strengthening training
306 –307
supervisory sites
301 –303
Teachers Law of People’s Republic of China
360
the State Council
20 , 24 , 32 , 72 , 78 –79 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 110 , 113 , 116 , 120 , 147 , 150 , 226 , 257 , 294 , 302 , 328
tradition of protectionism
122 –125
transsexuals’ right to marry
case law system on Hong Kong
175 –176
colonization of lifeworld by system
176 –181
fear for same-sex marriage
171 –174
unclear awareness of supervision responsibilities for gender discrimination in employment
296 –297
unclear legal liability, limited damages
23
unfavorable treatment
15 , 104 , 153 , 254 , 281
unified independent authorities
92 –93
vocational training
9 , 36 , 268 , 273 , 246 , 283 , 310
Wang Hao v. Guangxi Jingui Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd
354
Wang Jiangping, etc. v. the third team of Zenghu Village in Wanhuayan Town, Beihu District, Chenzhou City
354
Wang Ying v. the Population and Family Planning Bureau of Quanshan District, Xuzhou
35
Wang Yulun and Li Erxian v. Vegetable Village of Xinjin Town
346
while-supervision activities
305 –306
white lists of employers
306
women
cultural and education right equal to men
142 –143
equal employment rights through diversified multi-sector cooperation
25 –26
equivalent to men, personal right of
144
federation to support lawsuits
326
law on protection of rights and interests
84
legislation and judiciary
134 –137
legislation tradition of protectionism
122 –125
promote equal employment
27
right to equality in China’s legal system
140 –146
right to equality in the legislation of China
139 –140
worker
85
airline enrollment
71
banning and segregation
131 –134
blue collar, protection of
120
Council Interim Measures on Retired and Resigned Workers
147 –148
depression
41
employers refusal
127
Employment Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China
19 , 33
equal employment rights of
270
gender equality at workplace
26
hiring female
130
Interim Provisions of the State Civil Service Recruitment
88
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
6
Labor Hygiene
126
Labor Law 18
labor rights poverty of female workers
134 –137
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Employment Promotion
322
maternity leave
85
maternity protection
14
middle-aged
281
migrant
106
nursing period
85 , 129
older-aged
281
Parental Leave Act
14
protecting the employment rights of senior employees
278
protection of blue collar
120
Provisions on Employment Service and Employment Management
20
Regulations Concerning the Labor Protection of Female Staff and Workers
85
retirement age of
282
rural
79
sexual harassment of co-workers or subordinates
204 , 221 –223
Special Provisions on Labor Protection for Women Workers, the Regulation on Employment of Disabled Persons
18
Spring Wind Action
106
Supervision of Responsibilities of Recruiting and Managing Workers
298 –299
urban
79
work taboos
18 , 25 , 86
Wu Weiming v. Shanghai Citibank
355
Xiaojun v. Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Yanbian County and Education Bureau of Yanbian County
36
Xie Wenbin case
287 –288
Xu Gao v. Beijing Lufthansa Centre Co. Ltd
352
Xu Huaping etc. v. Village Committee of Goudong Village of Tanggou Town in Guannan County
347
Xu Zhiyan and the other 11 women whose husbands live in their wives’ home v. Village Committee of Shaliang Village of Xibazha Town, Saihan District, Hohhot City
357
Yang Shijian case
285 –287
Yang Shijian v. Ministry of Personnel
349n12
Yu x v. Meiko Electronics (Guangzhou Nansha) Co., Ltd
354
Zhang Da (alias, the author’s note) v. Qingdao Haier Washing Machine Co. Ltd. and Qingdao Haier Human Resource Development Co. Ltd
358
Zhang Xianzhu v. the Personnel Bureau of Wuhu City, Anhui Province
348
Zhonghai Company v. Zhang Ling
354
Zhou Xianghua v. China Construction Bank, Pingdingshan Branch
348
Zhou Xianghua v. Pingdingshan Branch of the Construction Bank of China
35
Zhou Yichao Intentional Homicide
254