Index
African Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (Lomé Charter)
188
Agenda 21
433, 443
Antarctic Treaty (1959) and Antarctic Treaty System (ATS
)
General
125–126, 131, 195
Application
91, 101
Peaceful purposes
195
Arctic Ocean
94, 106
Area (The)
Definition
139, 348, 364–365
Mineral resources see International Seabed Authority
Peaceful purposes
190–191, 194, 196–197, 530
Area-based management tools
3, 57, 213, 279, 283, 540–543, 545
Australia
101, 127, 265, 277, 287, 292, 301–302, 311–313, 345, 384, 546
Baltic Sea
4, 448, 535, 553, 573, 576, 579–580
Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (1976)
446–448, 452
Barents Sea
Barents shelf
28, 29, 93, 94, 109
Loop Hole
93, 94, 97, 102, 108–109
Benefit sharing
Access and benefit sharing (ABS) regimes
6, 140, 226–228, 231–232, 234, 239, 240, 241–244, 251, 253, 482
Benguela Current Convention (BCC)
290–292
Best Available Techniques Reference Document (BRIEF)
For tailings and waste-rock in mining activities
52–53
Biological diversity
Seabed biodiversity
1, 45, 213–214, 228–229, 236, 291, 298, 310, 544, 589
Canada
Arctic strategy
116–117
General
107, 385
Investment disputes
499
UNCLOS Article 82
374–376, 387–393
Carbon dioxide storage
Enhanced oil recovery
403–404
General
397, 399–403, 454
Natural leakage
32
Carta Marina
62, 63
China
Deep seabed strategy (general)
335
Contracts (ISA)
201, 338–339
China Ocean Mineral Resource R&D Association (COMRA)
338–339, 343, 344
Climate change
37–38, 46, 59, 127, 479, 543, 572
Coastal states, assertion of rights
4, 5, 74, 76, 81, 85–91, 97, 102, 107, 168, 176, 186, 226, 236, 262, 287, 288, 289, 320, 378, 380, 384, 414
Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
131, 260, 270, 275–276
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)
89, 107–108, 374–375
Common heritage of mankind
5, 79, 140, 143, 145, 210, 214–215, 219, 220, 221, 223, 364
Connectors, cables
General
4, 550, 553–554, 579
Crossing agreements
4, 553, 558–563
Oil and gas submarine pipelines
511
Power cables
511–512
Telecom cables
4, 67, 550, 553, 557, 559, 568
Telegraph cables
66–67
Continental shelf
Delineation
85–89
Continental margin
23, 24, 41, 86–90, 226, 236, 372, 387
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic (OSPAR)
254, 263, 278, 279, 324, 328, 398, 449–451, 548–549
Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005)
206
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988)
205
Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
General
218, 224, 239, 250, 290, 534
Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (2010)
225, 229, 231, 236, 239, 250
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (1972) (London Convention)
General
50, 290, 397
London Protocol (1996) to the Convention
50, 397, 409–413, 422, 442–445, 449
Convention on Protection of the Rights of the Investor
484
Cumulative impacts
38, 57, 59
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
433
Decommissioning
General
431, 461
IMO Guidelines (1989)
440, 441–442, 459, 479
Re-use
455–456, 462, 474–478
Deep-Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI)
52
Delimitation Treaty between Norway and Russia
98, 111–112
Denmark
Arctic strategy
118
Neighbouring relationship
99–100
Earth’s crust
Continental crust
22
Oceanic crust
22, 47
Endangered species
248, 264, 356, 531, 534
Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)
484
Environmental Impact assessment
209, 293–294, 312, 446, 539–540, 589
European Union
Competence
316–319, 507
Bottom fisheries
270
Capture capture and storage
398, 463
Environmental Impact Assessment Directive
330
Environmental Liability Directive
327–328, 333
Free trade agreements
488
Habitats Directive
326
Hydrocarbons Licensing Directive
463
Offshore Safety Directive
327, 329, 331, 333
Renewable Energy Directive
509
evidence-based decisions
2
European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement
318, 332
Fairness
Fairness principle
241, 311
Faroe Islands
100–101
Fish
genetic properties
235–236
habitats
434
Fisheries
General
235
bottom fisheries
53, 255, 547–550
Flag state jurisdiction
164, 167–169, 170, 176, 183, 244–245, 254, 529
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
268–271, 283
France
345, 350
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
270
generally accepted international rules and standards (GAIRS)
434, 438, 440
Genetic resources (marine)
Bioprospecting
223, 245–248
Negotiations on an internationally legally binding instrument
3, 213–214, 225, 238
Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf (1958)
x, 85, 130, 432, 448, 458
Greenland
91, 99–100, 118
Gulf of Mexico
Exploitation activities
75
Deepwater Horizon accident
54
Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area
448–449
H.M.S. Challenger
39, 69–72, 77–78, 141
Hydrocarbons
Formation
30
Exploitation
33, 54–55
Ilulissat Declaration (2008)
X, 106
Information principle
297–298, 311
Intellectual Property Rights
General
232
Marine living resources
236
Patent
174–175, 251
International Council on Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
275
International Law Commission (ILC)
General
406, 486, 600
Draft Articles on the Law of Tramsboundary Aquifers, with commentaries
407–408
International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
Role
52, 279, 439–440, 453
International Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO)
76
International Network for Scientific Investigations of the Deep Sea (INDEEP)
52
International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
87–88, 166, 262, 415, 491, 595
Seabed Disputes Chamber
149, 203, 209, 290
International Court of Justice
123, 487
International Seabed Authority (ISA)
Contracts
163, 594
Enterprise, The
143, 147, 150
Legal and Technical Commission (LTC)
146
Mining Code
140, 147, 161, 217, 595
Role
58–59, 140, 146–147, 164–165, 181, 201, 279, 288, 373, 593
State sponsorship
148, 150, 170–172, 350, 596, 604–606, 610
Investment law
International investment law
173, 482–483, 483–485
Investment protection standards
492
Japan
345
Joint development agreements
424–426
Joint exploitation zones
489–490
Labour law
179–180
League of Nations
74, 76
liability
compensation mechanism
308, 314, 331–332, 357, 368, 478, 567, 608
extra-contractual liability
180–181, 183
liability for damage
314, 331–332, 555, 566–568, 597
liability for breach of obligations by the contractor
356–357, 597
Marine ecosystems
Ecosystem approach
533–535
Marine ecosystem services
36–37
Vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME)
267–269
Marine protected areas (MPAs)
3, 213, 263, 278, 306, 307, 313, 501, 541
Marine spatial planning (MSP)
544–546
Mediterranean Sea
4, 39, 324, 446
Mexico
302–303, 292, 302, 312, 384
Military activities
191–194
Minerals
Polymetallic deposits
34, 46, 55–57, 140, 147, 157, 215, 292–293
Rare earth elements (REE)
4, 34, 158
Moratorium on seabed mining
292,294–295, 301–302, 311
Mortgage
175, 515–516
Namibia
57, 59, 290, 292–295
New Zealand
57, 59, 102, 127, 265, 276, 277, 295–302, 345
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
121, 207, 484, 485, 488, 493
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
121, 207
North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
270, 275, 278, 280, 548–549
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
270, 280
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
270, 273, 276, 281
Norway
Arctic strategy
115–116
Delimitation of the continental shelf
89–93, 418–421, 423
Legislation
471–473
Seabed
28
Seabed mining
374
Nuclear Weapons
125, 197–198, 199, 200, 206
Ocean cycle
25
Ocean energy
504, 507, 511, 515
Ocean spreading
22–23, 26
Organisation for African Unity (OAU)
195
Pacific Islands
292, 303
Pardo, Arvid
5, 79, 142, 190, 214, 224
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883)
174
Pipelines
,
see connectors
piracy
185, 202–205
polluter pays principle
291, 314, 330–331
precautionary principle
291, 311, 329, 443, 499–500, 531–533
Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs)
53, 258, 263, 267–268, 272–274, 277, 280, 283
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992)
314, 443, 532, 539
Royalty
372, 378, 383–384
Russia
General
97–98, 107
Arctic strategy
114
Barents Sea
423
Legislation
345, 350
Scientific research (marine)
10, 103, 223, 224, 239, 245, 247, 340, 539, 580, 585
Seabed topography
23–24
Security, maritime
186–193, 210
South Africa
288, 290, 305–311
Southeast Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
270, 275–276
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
270, 276
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
270, 275, 276
Sustainable Goal
14
United Nations
7
Svalbard
32, 99
Terrorism (maritime)
205–206
The Netherlands
464, 465–467, 516–519
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
484, 486
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof (the Seabed Arms Control Treaty)
197–200
Truman Proclamation on the Continental Shelf (1945)
x, 75, 110, 389
United Kingdom
345, 418–421, 468–471
United Nations Charter
193, 194, 199, 215, 530
UNCLOS, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III)
General
X–XI, 81, 289, 323, 335, 451–452
Preamble
223
Article 1
438
Article 2
264
Article 5
129
Article 7
129
Article 15
413
Article 47
129, 130
Article 56
264
Article 60
435–436, 439, 441, 506
Article 74
397, 413–414, 417, 430
Article 76
85–89, 107–108, 109, 226, 262, 372, 374, 384, 394
Article 77
85, 102, 261
Article 78
262, 264
Article 79
555, 561
Article 80
435–436
Article 82
371–384, 390–394
Article 83
109, 123, 397, 414, 417, 430
Article 84
109
Article 87
246, 262, 555
Article 88
195–196
Article 101
204
Article 112
555
Article 114
555, 556
Article 118
244–245
Part XI and 1994 Agreement
143, 144, 145, 147, 165, 181–182, 193, 215, 216, 341, 347, 364, 385–386, 530, 598–599, 603
Article 192
263–264, 289, 437
Article 193
437
Article 194
263–264, 289, 437
Article 198
437
Article 201
498–499
Article 208
437–438, 440, 445
Article 209
167
Article 210
438, 439, 440, 445
Article 215
168
Article 234
106, 130
Article 235
601
Article 237
440
Article 246
223–224
Article 256
246
Article 257
246
Article 263
245
Article 298
192–193, 196, 413
Article 301
193
Annex II
85
Annex III
145, 169–170, 180, 341
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
50
United Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992)
General
399
Kyoto Protocol
399
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
428
United States of America (USA)
General
107
Alaska, Bristol Bay
304–305
Arctic Strategy
113, 120
Legislation
345
Marine genetic resources
219
UNCLOS
120, 153–154, 374
Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties (1969)
377
Waste dumping
Marine litter
50, 279
Tailings
51–52
Wind power
158, 289, 503, 505, 509, 514