| Figures | ||
| 2.1 | Worldwide gross tertiary enrolment ratio (%), compared to proportion of people living in cities (%) and proportion of labour in agriculture (%), 1991–2015. | 16 |
| 2.2 | Examples of individualized and collective contributions of higher education. | 26 |
| 2.3 | Proportion (%) of people answering ‘yes’ to the question ‘do you trust others?’ oecd nations, 2012 oecd survey of adult skills. | 29 |
| 2.4 | Annual number of published science papers, 2003–2016 United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, South Korea. | 39 |
| 2.5 | Proportion of all science and engineering papers that were in the top 1 per cent of their field by citation rate: United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, China, South Korea, Singapore: 1996–2014. | 40 |
| 2.6 | Growth in annual number and proportion of internationally co-authored papers in science and engineering, 2003 to 2016, world and United States. | 45 |
| 2.7 | The rate at which papers by authors from selected countries are cited by papers with authors from United States, compared to the rate that these countries cite United States authors, science and engineering papers, 2014. | 50 |
| 4.1 | Characteristics of world-class universities: Alignment of key factors. | 73 |
| 6.1 | The adapted agil scheme for the function system of modern universities. | 113 |
| 9.1 | Logic model. | 165 |
| 9.2 | Occupational groups with highest graduate demand in Texas, 2012–2022. | 166 |
| 9.3 | Graduate degree completions by broad field, 2005 and 2014. | 167 |
| 9.4 | Percentage race/ethnicity distribution of public university graduate degree recipients and general population (18- to 64-years-old) in Texas, 2014. | 168 |
| 9.5 | Graduate and professional degree production, 2005 and 2014. | 169 |
| 9.6 | Per capita graduate and professional degree production, 2005 and 2014. | 170 |
| 9.7 | Percentage of residents, 25- to 64-years-old, holding a graduate degree, 2005 and 2012. | 171 |
| 9.8 | Federal obligations to higher education for R&D, 2013. | 171 |
| 9.9 | Texas R&D expenditures by institution, 2013. | 172 |
| 9.10 | California R&D expenditures by institution, 2013. | 173 |
| 9.11 | Florida R&D expenditures by institution, 2013. | 173 |
| 9.12 | New York R&D expenditures by institution, 2013. | 174 |
| 9.13 | Number of Carnegie research universities (R1, R2, and R3) by state, 2005 and 2015. | 175 |
| 9.14 | Number of institutions ranking in top 500 of arwu by state, 2005 and 2015. | 176 |
| 9.15 | Institutional motivators for new graduate degree programmes. | 178 |
| 10.1 | China’s position in international citations network 1996–2013. | 200 |
| 12.1 | Benefits of internationalization of higher education (%). | 235 |
| 12.2 | Risks of internationalization of higher education (%). | 237 |
| 13.1 | Geographical distribution of the Project 5-100 universities. | 249 |
| Tables | ||
| 2.1 | Gross expenditures on R&D (constant 2005 US dollars, ppp), eight leading science countries: Five-year intervals (1990–2015). | 18 |
| 2.2 | Internationally mobile or foreign doctoral students as a proportion (%) of all doctoral students in 2015, oecd systems, Brazil and Russia, compared to number of arwu top 500 universities in each country in 2015 (number of top 500 universities in brackets). | 32 |
| 2.3 | Recipients of United States doctorates on temporary visas, by country/region of origin (four largest country/regions) by science-based discipline, 1995–2015. | 34 |
| 2.4 | Annual rate of growth in published science papers, 2006–2016, nations producing more than 10,000 papers in 2016. | 37 |
| 2.5 | Growth in the number of published papers in the top 10 per cent of their research field by citation rate, from 2006–2009 to 2012–2015, selected leading Asian universities. | 42 |
| 2.6 | World top universities in (1) physical sciences and engineering, (2) mathematics and complex computing, in published papers in the top 10 per cent of their field by citation rate: 2012–2015. | 43 |
| 2.7 | Proportion of all papers in science and engineering that were internationally co-authored, 2003 and 2016, countries producing more than 10,000 papers in 2016, by region (science includes some social science). | 46 |
| 2.8 | Intensive research collaborations by United States, China and United Kingdom, with rest of the world, in 2016: Rate of international co-authorship in science and engineering papers between named pairs, relative to their rate of international co-authorship with all countries. | 49 |
| 4.1 | Corruption ranking and excellence ranking in Colombia (2017). | 75 |
| 4.2 | Most corrupt professions in Colombia (2017). | 75 |
| 4.3 | Proportion of low-income students in top US universities. | 76 |
| 4.4 | Contribution of universities to the sustainable development goals. | 82 |
| 5.1 | Study sample by institutional regions and rankings. | 92 |
| 5.2 | Global rankings criteria in 2017. | 92 |
| 5.3 | Third mission economic and social/cultural classifications. | 93 |
| 6.1 | wcus in three major university rankings. | 110 |
| 6.2 | Available documents of wcus (N = 61). | 113 |
| 6.3 | Keywords related to talent cultivation (simplified version). | 115 |
| 6.4 | Keywords related to scientific research (simplified version). | 117 |
| 6.5 | Keywords related to social service (simplified version). | 119 |
| 10.1 | Subject fields in which China holds number 1 position and >20% of global top 50. | 198 |
| 10.2 | Subject fields in which China holds number 1 position or >20% of global top 50. | 199 |
| 10.3 | Scientific impact per field. | 199 |
| 12.1 | Benefits of internationalization of higher education by sector-level of importance (%) (responses of ‘strongly agree and agree’). | 236 |
| 12.2 | Benefits of internationalization of HE by type-level of importance (%). | 236 |
| 12.3 | Risks of internationalization of HE by sector-level of importance (responses of ‘strongly agree and agree’). | 238 |
| 12.4 | Risks of internationalization of higher education by type-level of importance. | 239 |
| 13.1 | The areas of the activities which could be funded by the universities from the Project 5-100 grant (subsidy). | 250 |
List of Figures and Tables
In: World-Class Universities
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Yan Wu
Yan Wu
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Nian Cai Liu
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