Index
Abdullah Öcalan
325
accessing asylum
400
accessories after the fact
158
accelerated procedures
302
,
364
,
366
accomplices
393
accomplice liability
393
accountability
278
,
278n
accountability framework
278
actus reus
254
,
273
Administrative Appeals Tribunal (aat)
188
,
193
,
203
,
214
administrative law
208
,
294
,
299
adversarial proceeding
107n
Afghanistan
313
,
348
,
349
,
352
,
353n
,
382
,
382n
,
383n
Africa
364
agency
127
,
138
aiding and abetting
157
,
168
,
169
Ajouaou and A, B, C, and D v. Secretary of State for the Home Department
54
Algeria
334
Aliens Act
365n
,
366
Al-Shabaab
312
,
327
,
349
,
399
Al Sirri and DD (Secretary of State for the Home Department) [2012 ] 3 wlr 1263, 1265
55
,
195n
,
201
,
220n
,
257n
,
271n
Al Qaeda
3
,
65
,
270
,
314
,
321
,
321n
,
349
aliens
71
alienage
47
alternatives to detention
300n
Anderson Operational Improvement Review
21
‘animators’
127
Antonio Cassese
227
,
227n, 391, 391n
anthropologists
92
,
119
,
120
anti-asylum public policies
400
anti-immigration
86
anti-immigration policies 61
,
62
,
64
,
67
,
69
,
70
anti-immigrant rhetoric
67
,
73
anti-immigrant political rhetoric 291
anti-immigrant sentiment
80
anti-Islam rhetoric
77
anti-refugee policies
66
,
67
,
70
anti-refugee sentiment
78
,
85
anti-Semitic
347
anti-social behavior order (asbo)
100
anti-terror laws
176n
,
183n
,
208n
,
209n
,
347
,
386
anti-terrorism
160
,
182n
,
275
,
287
,
347
anti-terrorism treaties
379
Anti-Terrorism Act 2017
222n
,
386n
anticipatory
395
Appeals Chamber of the Special Tribunal of Lebanon
25
armed conflict
x
,
7n
,
9
,
353
,
360
,
365
,
375n
,
401
,
402n
Article 1F
21
,
23
,
24
,
43
,
46
,
48
,
49
,
52
,
55
,
81
,
147
,
184
,
186
,
188
,
192n
,
194
,
196
,
197
,
201
,
201n
,
202
,
202n
,
214
,
220
,
249
,
256
,
271
,
286
,
287
,
303
,
314
,
315
,
319
,
320
,
326
,
385
,
385n
,
392
,
392n
,
396
,
398
,
400
,
402
,
403
,
404
Article 1F(a)
21
,
23
,
28
,
221
,
238
,
240
,
268
,
271
,
286
,
319
,
385n
,
403
Article 1F(b)
21
,
23
,
196
,
197
,
199
,
200
,
221
,
269
,
303
,
316
,
317
,
318
,
319
,
320
,
323
,
385n
,
403
Article 1F(c)
21
,
23
,
200
,
201
,
202
,
221
,
256
,
269
,
271
,
300
,
303
,
319
,
385n
,
403
Article 32
186
,
188
,
299
Article 33
53
,
186
,
188
,
191
,
192
,
202
,
284
,
299
,
319
,
337
Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (aalco)
381n
associational elites
394
,
395
asylum
vii
,
ix
,
xn
,
1
,
12
,
13
,
14
,
28
,
30
,
33
,
35
,
61
,
65
,
123
,
133
,
137
,
175
,
177
,
265
,
275
,
276
,
281n
,
282
,
283
,
289
,
293n
,
297
,
298
,
303
,
305
,
311
,
314
,
315
,
322
,
325
,
326
,
327
,
328
,
330
,
334
,
336
,
338
,
341
,
342
,
343
,
350
,
352
,
357n
,
372
,
373
,
376n
,
384n
,
385
,
386
,
392
,
394
,
399
,
402
,
403
342n
,
344
,
344n
,
348n
,
349
,
351
,
353
,
353n
,
355
,
357
,
360
,
364
,
365
,
367
,
369
,
371
,
372
,
374
,
398
,
400
asylum seekers
18
,
30
,
47
,
55n
,
69
,
71
,
87
,
132
, 133,
139
,
175
,
177
,
179
,
179n
,
180
,
180n
,
187
,
190
,
196
,
204
,
213
,
214
,
216
,
249
,
258
,
259
,
262
,
268
,
275
,
276
,
279
,
280
,
283
,
286
,
289
,
292
,
293
,
298
,
300
,
300n
,
301n
,
302
,
306
,
307
,
308
,
309
,
310
,
311
,
312
,
321
,
336
,
357n
,
364
,
376
,
384
,
385
,
396
asylum cases
292
,
302
,
339
,
400
asylum claims
42
,
55
,
363n
,
366
,
369
,
392
,
393
asylum decision-making
336
asylum policy
61
,
64
,
66
,
83
,
84
,
358n
asylum procedure
302
,
335
,
336
,
338
,
344
,
366
,
367
asylum law
83
,
292
,
292n
,
293n
,
297n
,
299n
,
359n
,
370
asylum reception centres
369
asylum regime
372
asylum status
337
asylum systems
289
,
300
,
385
,
394
,
395
Asylum Information Database
381n
Atle Grahl-Madsen
281n
,
284n
Austria
342
,
344
,
345
,
345n
,
346
,
346n
,
348n
,
351
,
352
,
353
,
353n
,
356
,
356n
,
357
,
359n
,
360
,
361
,
362
,
362n
,
363
,
363n
,
364
,
364n
,
365
,
400
Asylum Act
364
,
364n
,
367
,
367n
,
370
,
371
“Austria First”
364
Alien Police Act
367
,
367n
Austrian Asylum System
364
Austrian Border Control Act
367
,
367n
Austrian Citizenship Act
367
,
367n
Austrian Criminal Code
33
,
347
Austrian Criminal Courts
352n
,
353n
Austrian Constitutional Court
352n
,
365
Austrian Data Protection Agency
369
Austrian Federal Administrative Court
352
,
352n
Austrian Federal Asylum Agency
364
Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum (bfa)
352
,
366
Austrian Federal Office for Constitutional Protection and Terrorism Prevention (bvt)
348
,
360
Austrian Freedom Party (fpo)
358
,
364
Austrian Integration Act
368
Austrian Migration Law
361
,
370
Austrian People’s Party (ovp)
358n
Austrian Ministry of Social Administration
363
Austrian Residence Act
365
,
365n
,
367
,
367n
Austrian State Police Protection Act
367
,
367n
Austrian Security Police Act
367
,
367n
Austrian Supreme Administrative Court
352n
Australia
396
,
397
Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (Cth) s 33AA (2)
206n
,
207n
,
211n
Australian Citizenship Amendment (Allegiance to Australia) Act 2016
206
,
207n
Australia’s Criminal Code 1995
24
Australia’s Migration Act
23
Australian Constitution
188
Australian Security Intelligence Organization Act, 1979 (asio)
24
,
176
,
176n
,
182
,
182n
,
183n
,
186
,
186n
,
187
,
190n
,
192
,
201
aut dedere aut judicare
151
B (Area of Freedom, Security and Justice) [2010] euecj C-57/09
267
,
267n
,
269
,
272n
bcr16 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2017) 448 fcr
456
bsx15 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2017) 249 fcr 1, 13 [48]
188n
backlogs
366
balance of probabilities
119
Balkan armed conflicts
363
Balkan crises
365
Bangkok Principles 1966
381
,
381n
Barack Obama
385n
Beijing Treaty
155
Belgium
336
,
363n
,
396
Boko Haram
349
border(s)
365
,
370
border controls
294
border security
177
Bosnia
363, 392n
Bosnia-Herzegovina
365
burden
128, 271, 339, 366
burden of proof
113n, 271, 274, 328, 339
Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism
376
,
367n
Country Reports on Terrorism
376
,
367n
Burundi
382
canton(s)
329
,
335
case law
28
, 29, 42, 50, 52, 53, 95, 100n, 226,
250, 261, 265, 273, 277, 316, 321, 322, 333, 391n
Canada
viii, xii, xvi, 13, 13n, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 95n, 116n, 121, 123, 127, 130, 148, 149, 149n, 150n, 156n, 157, 158, 158n, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 173, 173n, 177n, 186, 208n, 222, 224n, 225, 225n, 226n, 235, 236, 237, 242, 243, 264n, 285, 374, 376n, 378, 392, 393, 393n, 395n, 396, 397, 398, 398n, 399
Canadian Association for Refugees and Forced Migration Studies (carfms)
xi
Canadian Border Services Agency (cbsa)
393
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
235, 237, 242
Canadian Criminal Code
378
Cartagena Declaration on Refugees 1984
36
,
219n
,
381
,
381n
causality
120, 127, 303
Central African Republic
382
Centre on Research and Evidence on Security Threats (crest)
19
,
123 –4
character test
202
,
214
,
397
,
400
Channel Program
136
Chahal v. United Kingdom (1997) 23 ehrr
413 285n
Charles Taylor 23c
168
Chechen War
353
Chechens
353n
Christian Peoples Party
337n
choice
69, 74, 83, 128, 138
,
208n, 304, 309, 315, 346
citizen
403
citizenship
viii
,
25
,
176
,
177
,
180
,
183
,
184
,
205
,
205n
,
207
,
208
,
208n
,
209
,
210
,
210n
,
211n
,
212
,
213
,
331
,
333
,
337
,
338
,
359n
citizenship revocation
209n
,
212n
,
213
,
214n
,
337
Citizenship Loss Board
208
civil war
8
,
9
,
317
,
324
,
349
,
377
,
401
class
42n, 73, 128, 212, 254, 261
Closed Material Proceedings (cmp)
18
,
95
,
117
,
119
,
120
collective criminality
253
,
254
collective grievances
353n
collective (group based) persecution
312
combat(ting) terrorism
335
,
347
,
387
,
401
command responsibility
158, 238, 260
common criminal design
253
Common European Asylum System (ceas)
286
,
292
,
300
,
306
common purpose liability
270
common purpose or common intent
157
compelling reasons
288
complementary protection
184
,
184n
,
185
,
185n
,
191n
,
194
,
196
,
201n
,
204
,
205
,
209
complicit
393
complicity
21
,
22
,
28
,
147
,
148
,
172
,
256
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
262
,
264
,
266
,
269
,
270
,
272
,
274
,
354n
,
396
comprehensive approach to terrorism
216
Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism
147n
,
387
,
388n
conflict(s)
vii
,
350n
,
377n
,
382
,
392n
conspiracy
391n
constitutional identity
297
,
297n
contest
135
,
137
contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations
286
,
287
,
303
control
138
control order
94
,
98
,
99
,
100
,
108n
,
109
,
114
,
116n
,
117
control order/tpim cases
94
,
96
,
116
,
117n
,
118
,
119
derogating control order
104n
non-derogating control order
104
co-perpetration
170
,
254
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (cat)
192
,
284
,
284n
Convention Governing Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa 1969 (oau)
219n
,
380
,
380n
,
381
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, Including Diplomatic Agents
153n
Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism, 1937
21
,
152n
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961
205n
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951
27
,
32
,
41
,
184
,
184n
,
185
,
186
,
188
,
191
,
192
,
194
,
199
,
202
,
219n
,
220
,
220n
,
221
,
244
,
249
,
256
,
284
,
286
,
287
,
299
,
300
,
302
,
306
,
314
,
315
,
316
,
320
,
323
,
326
,
327
,
330
,
337
,
344
,
344n
,
349
,
349n
,
378
,
378n
,
380
,
381n
,
385n
,
386
,
392
,
392n
,
394
,
396
,
398
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
153n
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation
153n
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
153n
Council Directive
370
Council of Europe
393n
counter Terrorism
18
,
21
,
36
,
80
,
82
,
83
,
86
,
92
,
93
,
95
,
123
,
175
,
177
,
181
,
183
,
188
,
196
,
203
,
204
,
204n
,
213
,
214
,
216
,
241
,
276
,
310
,
335
,
375
,
376
,
394
,
395
,
403
counter-terrorism discourse
17
,
61
,
62
,
87
counter-terrorism hearings
94
counter-terrorism measures
117
,
394
,
395
Counter Terrorism Police
134
Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015
94
,
116
country expert
99
country of nationality
400
countries of origin
348
Court of Appeal
95
,
99
,
114
Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu)
267
,
272
,
286
,
288n
,
295
,
300n
cpcf v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) 255 clr 514, 643 [461] (Keane J)
178n
crime(s)
169
,
170
,
250
,
322
,
372
,
399
crime of aggression
221
,
402
crime against humanity
202
,
202n
,
221
,
222
,
230
,
231
,
234
,
238
,
242
,
268
,
286
,
389
,
399
,
401
,
402
crimes against peace
221
,
286
crime of persecution
26
,
230
,
231
,
397
,
398
crime of terror
26
,
27
,
219
,
221
,
222
,
228
,
233
,
234
,
243
crime of Terrorism
173n
,
396
,
397
,
398
,
404
crime of torture
268
criminal act(s)
198
,
371
criminal activity
254
criminal conviction
368
criminal justice
376n
criminal offence
270
criminal purpose
399
Criminal Code
21
,
156n
,
158
,
159
,
160
,
176n
,
186
,
193n
,
200
,
200n
,
203n
,
204
,
206
,
225n
,
243
,
292
,
293
,
293n
,
294
,
321
,
322
,
347
,
347n
,
378
Criminal Responsibility for Terrorist Offences Act 2013
161
criminal law
22
,
94
,
262
,
294
,
295
,
402
criminal liability
28
,
252
, 261, 262,
264
,
265
, 273,
326
, 397,
398
,
399, 403
criminal networks
313
criminal procedure
293, 319, 372
criminal prosecution
404
criminalization
18
,
61
,
62
,
65
,
66
,
70
,
71
,
79
,
83
,
86
,
132
,
286
,
295
,
342
,
395
,
402
criminalization of migration
31
,
116n
criminalizing asylum-seekers
275
criminalizing Terrorism
386
,
389 –90
,
400
crimmigration
23
,
31
,
175
,
175n
,
294
,
372n
crisis
7, 10, 11, 11n, 33, 35, 47, 59, 72, 85, 90, 144, 230, 292, 292n, 294, 295, 297, 306, 309, 336, 342n, 345n, 346n, 357n, 359
,
359n, 360, 360n, 363, 367, 377, 399, 402
critical race theory
17
,
62
,
71
,
84
,
86
,
395
Croatia
363
culpability
29
, 194, 195, 252, 259, 269,
354n
,
399
cultural racism
18
,
62
,
68
,
71
,
72
,
73
,
74
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
83
,
84
culturally racist narrative
85
,
86
cultural integration
127
custody
365
,
369
customary international law
25
,
152
,
173
,
196
,
227
,
228
,
243
,
282
,
283
,
285
,
391
,
391n
,
392
,
392n, 397
D v. Secretary of State for the Home Department
53
Da’esh
138
,
349
dangerousness
193
dawah
97
,
97n
,
108
,
113
Declaration on Territorial Asylum 1967
219n
decision-making
4, 42, 53, 57, 125, 127, 189, 213, 214, 352n
dehumanization
18
,
71
Democratic Republic of Congo
382
democratization
300n
democracy
ixn, 142, 176, 278, 388
denaturalization
205
,
206
,
209
,
212
,
213
deportation
187
,
212
,
301
,
316
,
328
,
329
,
365
,
369
,
370
,
394
deradicalization
33
,
341
,
353n
derogable rights
30
,
278
derogation
284
,
288
,
354
derogating
296
destabilizing effects
vii
detention
179
,
180n
,
187
,
196n
,
205
,
300
,
300n
,
301
,
301n
,
307
,
370
,
372
detention centres
179n
Dev Sol
267
diaspora
124
,
125
, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 241n, 332, 394, 395, 396,
404
diaspora politics
19
,
123
,
126
,
127
,
129
,
130
,
137
,
394
,
395
,
396, 404
diaspora refugee politics
124
,
127
diaspora communities
139, 404
Diplock Courts
113
diplomatic assurances
115
Director of Public Prosecutions
117
discourse(s) of terrorism
384n
disaffection
132
discrimination
20
,
127
displaced person(s)
344
,
365
displacement
19
,
83
,
129
,
345
,
349
,
350
displacement cycle
130
domestic law
80
Donald J. Trump
63
,
394
President Trump
290
,
291n
Drug Trafficking Convention 1971
156n
Drug Trafficking Protocol 1972
156n
dual citizenship
135, 177, 205n, 210, 212, 338
dual national
25
,
206
,
207
,
209
,
210
,
211
,
212
,
214
,
337
dualist system
280
E v. Secretary of State for the Home Department
53
Ekaterina Zatuliveter v Secretary of State for the Home Department
56
El-Sayed El-Sebai Youssef v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] ewca Civ 933
270
,
270n
economic migrants
69
emigration
291, 305, 362
enemy of mankind
viii
hostis humanis
viii
enhanced screening
179
Enhanced Terrorism and Investigations Measures Bill
93
Eritrea
382
espionage
193
,
212
Ethiopia
xiii, 97, 104, 108, 108n, 109, 110n, 111, 112, 115, 115n, 183
ethnic cleansing
389
Eurojust
351
Europe
343n
,
356n
,
358n
,
360
,
361
,
364n
,
370
Europeans
55, 66, 356n
,
357n
European Council
297
,
299n
European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ercre)
356n
European law
298
,
303
,
306
,
326
,
371
European Social Survey
356
European Union (EU)
269
,
272
,
286
,
292
,
293
,
296n
,
354n
,
360
,
370
EU asylum law
287
EU legislation
370
EU Procedures Directive
287
EU Qualifications Directive 2011
36
,
256
,
257
,
270n
,
286
,
286n
,
287
,
288
,
299
,
370n
,
380
,
381
,
381n
EU Return Directive
295n
EU secondary law
370
EU Temporary Protection Directive (tpd)
365
,
365n
EU terrorist list
322
European Asylum Support Office (easo)
349n
European Convention on Human Rights (echr)
115
,
277
,
277n
,
283n
,
301
,
316
,
328
,
359n
,
371
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
285
,
297
European Parliament
287
,
370n
Europol
351n
Eurostat
345n
exclusion
21
,
25
,
28
,
35
,
48n
,
49
,
50
,
132
,
147
,
175
,
177
,
191
,
192
,
192n
,
194
,
195
,
196
,
196n
,
200
,
204
,
214
,
215
,
222
,
249
,
257
,
264
,
265
,
267
,
269
,
270n
,
271
,
272
,
273
,
274
,
287
,
288
,
294
,
299
,
306
,
316
,
317
,
318
,
319
,
322
,
323
,
324
,
326
,
328
,
332
,
338
,
339
,
340
,
366
,
370
,
392
,
393
,
394
,
396
,
398
,
401
,
402
,
403
50n
,
194
,
271n
,
274
,
286
,
286n
,
314
,
316
,
318
,
319
,
320
,
326
,
394
,
396
,
397
,
398
excluded person(s)
viii, 193
Executive Orders
79
,
291n
Executive Order 13780
85
Executive Order 13767
291
Executive Order 13769
290
,
290n
Executive Order 13780
290
,
290n
exile-like
130
expatriation
337, 338
expert opinion
369n
expert witness
19
expulsion
177
,
202
,
282
,
293
,
294n
,
295
,
303
,
304
,
326
,
327
,
337
,
340
expulsion order
316
,
319
,
328
,
334
,
335n
extradite
45n, 52n, 57n, 59, 151, 209n, 284, 303, 387
extended liability
152
,
153n
,
161
,
163
,
167
,
168
,
171
,
173
,
396
,
403
existential risks
386n
extradition
209
,
209n
,
301
,
303, 316, 353n
extradition treaties
283, 303
Extradition Act 1988
199
,
199n
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (eccc)
153n
extreme organized violence
x
extreme political violence
12
extremism
v, 16, 20, 34, 45n, 52n, 59, 114, 123
,
124, 126
,
130
,
132, 138
,
139, 140, 142, 143
,
194, 311n, 325, 335n, 336n, 350n, 370
,
376, 377n, 393, 399
extremists
73
,
312
,
313
,
321
,
322
extremist elements
394
,
395
extremist networks
123
,
129
,
133
,
139
extremist politics
131
,
133
far-right extremists
73
extended liability
22
,
155
,
156
,
163
,
173
,
174
,
398
Ezokola v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) [2013 ] 2 scr 678
264
,
264n
,
399
F v. Secretary of State for the Home Department
52
fair trial
18, 95, 118, 371
fake news
72
family unity
329
,
330
family reunification
289, 330
fear
342
,
342n
,
346n
,
347
,
348
,
348n
,
350
,
353n
,
355
,
355n
,
356
,
356n
,
357
,
359
,
360
,
361
,
371
,
376
,
378
,
392n
fearmongering
17, 70, 84
fear of migration
34
,
355
,
356
,
400
fear of terrorism
18
,
62
,
84
,
346n
Febles v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2014 scc 68
172
Federal Act on Swiss Citizenship (sfc)
337
Federal Bureau of Investigation (fbi)
237n, 377
Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum (bfa)
34
felony
320
,
321
forced displacement
7n
,
10
,
12
,
350
,
381
,
382
,
382n
,
401
,
401n
,
402
, 402n, 403, 404
forcibly displaced persons
7, 392
forced migration vii
14
,
28
,
123
,
129
,
137
,
138
,
344
,
344n
,
350
,
353
,
356
,
366
,
372
,
401n
forced migration studies
12
,
375n
forced migrants
5
,
343
,
345
,
351
,
352
,
352 –3
,
353
,
354
,
355
,
357
,
357n
,
362
,
371
,
372
,
394
,
397
forced turn-back practices
178
foreigner(s)
343n
,
346n
,
347
,
358n
,
359n
,
365
,
400
“foreign fighters”
viii, 137, 288, 327
,
347, 360
foreign incursion offences
25
,
193
,
206
,
207
,
212
foreign workers
7, 362
Foreigner Employment Act
363n
former habitual residence
211, 384
400
Framework Decision on Combating Terrorism
288
France
22, 42n, 59, 60, 130, 148, 150n, 156n, 157, 160, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 171n, 304n, 336, 336
,
343n, 353n, 362, 362
,
396
“freedom fighters”
314
,
317n
,
360
freedom of movement
316
,
329
,
330
fundamental human rights
389
Galic 2006
26
,
397
Geneva Conventions 1949
151
,
217
Times of War of 12 August 1949
217n
1977 Additional Protocols
151
,
217
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions o f 12 August 1949
and Related to the Protection of Victims of International Armed
Conflicts (Protocol i), adopted 8 June 1977
217n
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949
and Related to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed
Conflicts (Protocol ii), adopted 8 June 1977
218n
genocide
202
,
202n
,
389
,
402
Genocide Convention
151, 153n
Germany
356n
,
396
German “Verfassungsschutz” (the German Intelligence Agency)
322
Giorgio Agemben
43
Global Compact on Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration
79
global organizations
vii
global issues
ix
Global South
47
Global Terrorism Index
346n
,
347n
,
349n
,
350n
Global Terrorism Database
348
,
348n
,
351
,
351n
,
383
Global Trends Reports
381
,
382
,
392n
Governance
120
Greece
35, 297n, 377n
Hague Convention 1970
153
Hannah Arendt
43
The Origins of Totalitarianism
43
,
44n
Hazara
312
Hellenic Coast Guard
367
Hellenic National Police (hnp)
367
Hersch Lauterpacht
282n
High Court of Australia (hca)
187
,
188n
,
195
,
195n
,
196
,
198
,
214
“historical acknowledgement”
44
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 561 U.S. 1 (2010), 130 S.Ct. 2705 27
240n
,
398
Home Secretary v. Rehman
53
,
56
homicide
26n, 173n, 227n, 320, 391n
“hot button” issue
61
human dignity
x
96, 389
human rights
11
,
179n
,
204n
,
210n
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
216
,
278
,
278n
,
282n
,
284n
,
300n
,
305
,
306
,
308
,
335n
,
345n
,
354
,
369
,
387
,
393n
,
399
,
402
human rights law
xii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 13, 13n, 30, 101n, 122, 176, 189, 190, 191, 191n, 192, 192n, 216, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 314, 192
,
329, 340
human rights perspective
279n
human rights violations vii
human security
23, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 180, 278n
human trafficking
129
humanitarian visa
184
Hungarian Criminal Code 2015
31
,
294
,
298
Hungary
291
,
291n
,
292
,
293n
,
294
,
297
,
300
,
301n
,
303
,
306
,
308
,
362
,
399
,
304n
Asylum Act
301
,
303
Constitutional Court
296
,
297
,
297n
Constitution Protection Office (cpo)
306
historical constitution
296
Counter Terrorism Centre
281
Immigration and Asylum Office (iao)
281
,
292n
Hungary’s Fundamental Law
280
,
296
,
297
,
298
,
298n
,
306
hyper-legislation
176
identity
297
identity crisis
127
identity mobilization networks
125
IG Nepal
29
,
257n
,
258
,
258n
,
259
,
260
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act 1996 (iirira)
65
illegals
71
,
305
illegal entry
365
illegal immigration
298
illegal immigrant
353n
illegal migration
369
illegal migrant
297
illegality
193
immigration
62
,
69
,
176
,
276n
,
291n
,
292
,
298
,
353n
,
356
,
357n
,
358n
,
363
,
396
365
,
366
,
369
immigration control
289
immigration policy
64
immigration law
94
,
175
,
290
,
295
immigration System
180
immigrants
276
,
280
Immigration Act 1985
237
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
392n
,
393n
imprisonment
294
,
295
impunity
404
inadmissibility
393n
incitement
347
,
347n
inchoate liability
22
,
157
inchoate offences
256
,
270
inclusion clauses
394
indefinite detention
24
,
25
,
187
,
189
,
190n
,
206
,
211
,
212
,
214
indefinite incarceration
115
indefinite administrative/preventative detention
175
,
193
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ilr)
97
independent judiciary
278
Independent Reviewer of Adverse Security Assessments
190n
Independent Reviewer of Terrorist Legislation
117
,
118
India
383n, 390n
individual responsibility
262
indiscriminate violence
198
ineligibility
392n
infliction of terrorism
396
,
397
,
398
injustice
92
, 92n, 122, 124, 130, 214, 244, 310, 381
institutional racism
62
,
70
,
71
,
76
,
78
,
83
,
84
insurgents
313
integration
19
,
137
,
306
,
316
,
322
,
330
,
331
,
335
,
338
,
339
,
340
,
341
,
342n
,
354
,
395
,
399
,
400
,
403
integration strategy
137
integration failure
139
social integration
330
Intelligence and Security Committee, UK Parliament
135
interdiction
175
,
178
,
178n
,
179
,
179n
,
213
,
377
internal armed conflict
9
,
317
internal displacement
382
internal flight alternative
313
international armed conflict
217, 217n
International Committee of the Red Cross
389n
,
391n
international community
ix, xii, 2, 27, 85, 128, 152, 201, 215, 222, 223, 255, 373, 374, 375, 377, 379, 389, 401
,
405
international comprehensive convention on terrorism
396
,
398
,
403
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
398
international crimes
202
,
219, 219n, 220, 221, 225
, 226, 228, 228n, 230, 232, 232n, 244, 249, 251n, 258n, 260,
269
, 390, 392, 402, 403
International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act, New Zealand
156
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
155n
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, GA Res. 54/109, December 9, 1999
236
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr)
192
,
277
,
282n
,
371
International Criminal Court (icc)
156
,
221
,
225
,
244
,
251n
,
253
,
254
,
392n
,
397
international criminal law (icl) viii
11
,
21
,
23
,
25
,
28
,
151 –2
,
155
,
156
,
169
,
170
,
171
,
173
,
219
,
221
,
225
,
243
,
244
,
245
,
251
,
265
,
269
,
272
,
273
,
303
,
373
,
386
,
389
,
390
,
391n
,
393
,
394
,
397
,
399
,
401
,
403
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (icty)
25
,
153n
,
155
,
156
,
222n
,
227
,
228
,
229n
,
231
,
243
,
254
,
257
,
261
,
273
,
392
,
397
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ictr)
26
,
153n
,
155
,
156
,
195n
,
218
,
222n
international human rights law
30
,
176
,
189
,
190
,
191
,
192n
,
216
,
276
,
277
,
278
,
279
,
314
,
340
international humanitarian law (ihl)
25
,
219
,
221
,
226
,
243
,
244
,
375
,
393
,
394
,
396
,
397
,
401
international instruments
196
,
199
,
220, 236, 244, 249
,
262
,
285
,
286, 385n
international legal instruments
279
international law of terrorism
390n
international organizations
391n
international norms
72, 280
international protection
276
,
305
,
307
,
310
,
313
,
370n
internationalization
9
,
123
,
325
internationalization of civil war
9
internationalization of conflict
21
,
123
,
127
,
129
,
137
,
395
,
404
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
391n
international refugee law
13
,
82
,
85
,
176
,
189
,
194
,
203
,
221
,
244
,
283
,
375n
,
394
,
396
,
403
international refugee protection regime
30
,
80
,
399
international relations
333
international Terrorism
275
,
374n
,
386
,
386n
international terrorist group
258
international treaty
296
,
299
interrogating terror
384n
interventions
xv, 138, 139, 337
intrastate conflict
9
,
401
investigation(s)
18, 32, 53, 76, 92n, 93, 94, 116, 116n, 117, 121, 135, 136, 137, 138, 158, 237n, 308, 316, 365, 367, 377, 395
Iraq
312
,
336
,
337
,
348
,
349
,
352
,
353n
,
360
,
383
,
399
Iron Curtain
363
irregular migration
34
,
179
,
181n
,
186n
,
344
,
345
,
347
,
350
,
354
,
354n
,
371
,
396 –7
irregular migrants
178n
,
344
irregular status
354n
IS/Daesh
314
,
336
isis
117
,
117n
,
121, 376, 367n
Islam
54
, 55, 73, 74, 77, 79, 88, 90, 96, 105, 106,
107, 183, 183n
Islamic extremists
109
,
110
Islamic State (IS)
131
,
183n
,
209
,
209n
,
312
,
314
,
321
,
321n
,
327
,
336
,
337
,
367n
,
400
Islamic Terrorism
346n
Islamic Salvation Front (isf)
333
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (isil)
383
Islamist
136
,
144, 275, 333
Islamophobia
70
Islamophobic
347
isolation
128
,
132
,
399
,
400
issue-framing
127
Italy
80, 297n, 304n, 331, 343n, 362
JS (Sri Lanka), R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2010] uksc 27
15
,
250n
,
251n
,
256n
,
259n
,
267
,
269
,
271
,
272n
,
273
,
274
,
397
,
398
Jaffarie v Director-General of Security (2014) 226 fcr 505, 536 [113] (Flick and Perram JJ)
188n
Jacques Derrida
43
,
54
,
56
,
57n
jihad
105
,
105n
,
106, 107
,
110, 271, 337, 350n
,
352
,
353, 355
jihadi
139
jihadist(s)
113
,
124
,
131
,
311
,
328
,
336
,
337
jihadist mercenaries
337
jihadist Terrorism
351
“jihadi travellers”
337
John Rawls
92
,
92n
,
277n
joint criminal enterprise (jce)
156
,
170
,
254n
,
262
,
264n
,
270
joint enterprise criminality
254
,
261
,
269
joint enterprise liability
251
,
269
judicial deference
188
,
190
judicial review
188
,
188n
,
189
,
190
,
208
,
214n
justice
viii, xiii, xvi, xvii, 2, 6, 17, 18, 19, 24, 42n, 43, 45n, 48n, 52, 53, 53n, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 58n, 60, 92n, 93, 95, 96, 99, 102, 114, 115, 115n, 116n, 117n, 120, 122, 125, 150, 150n, 172, 175n, 177, 179, 187, 201, 202n, 212, 214, 222n, 224, 225n, 227n, 228n, 236, 253, 263n, 267n, 269n, 272n, 278, 280, 287, 328, 335, 350n, 374, 376, 378, 386, 387, 388n, 396, 393n, 402
administrative justice
177, 202n
KJ (Sri Lanka) v Secretary State for the Home Department [2009] ewca Civ
292
267
,
267n
Kosovo
363
Krstic 2001
26
,
397
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (pkk)
240
,
266
,
267
,
324
,
338
,
351
Komalên Ciwan (pkk youth organization)
325
labour market
329
,
342n
,
363
law
343
,
368
laws of war
397, 402
Leghaei v Director-General of Security (2007) 241 alr 141 (The Court)
188n
legal framework
xv, 43, 50, 250, 275, 286, 300, 388
legal limbo
viii
,
24
,
192n
,
206
,
210
legal neutrality
62
legal residence status
329n
legal systems
17, 41, 42, 43
,
44
,
45, 54, 57n, 77, 280, 303, 305
liability
vii, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 30, 36, 92, 119, 120, 148, 150, 150n, 152, 153n, 154, 155
,
156
, 156n,
157
,
158, 159, 160, 161, 163
,
167, 168, 168n
, 169, 170, 171, 172n,
173, 173n, 174, 242, 251, 251n, 252, 253, 253n, 254, 255, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 264n, 265, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 326, 343, 396, 397, 398, 399, 403
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (ltte)
19
,
27
,
124
,
237
,
238
,
259
,
317
,
323
,
324
,
332
,
333
,
339
listed terrorist organization(s)
25
,
204n
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
252
MH (Syria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] ewca Civ
226
266
,
266n
,
270n
MI5
97, 134
,
135, 140
Mbarushimana
icc-01/04–01/10–514, Judgment on the Prosecutor’s Appeal against the Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, 30 May 2012 (icc, Appeals Chamber)
264
,
264n
,
265
,
265n
MV Tampa
23
,
179
“making America great again”
62
maritime arrivals
178
marginalization
123
,
128
,
132
,
350n
mass forced displacement
402
mass influx
31
,
33
,
292
,
294, 365n
mass migration
294
,
365
,
401n
material support bar
240
media
26, 30, 33, 73, 80, 96, 96n, 133, 136, 169, 180, 180n, 209n, 232, 292, 296n, 304, 305, 308, 310, 335n, 345, 348, 350n, 355, 355n, 356, 357, 357n, 358, 359, 359n, 360n, 367, 376, 376n, 377, 381, 400
mens rea
254
, 260,
273
Middle East
364
,
383
migrant(s)
17
,
43
,
69
,
127
,
292
,
294
,
298
,
306
,
308
,
344
,
345n
,
351
,
359
,
360
,
361
,
371
, 372,
376n
migrant caravan
18
,
62
,
63
,
69
,
71
,
83
migrant crisis
85
,
306
,
345n
,
360
,
360n
migrant rights
42n, 48n, 53n, 60
migrant smuggling
365
,
369, 370
,
376n
migration
47
,
87
,
137
,
175
,
175n
,
181
,
276
,
298
,
304
,
305
,
306
,
308
,
309
,
342n
,
344
,
346
,
348
,
349
,
356
,
357
,
359
,
360
,
361
,
363
,
364
,
364n
,
370
,
371
,
372
Migration Act 1958
177
,
178n
,
184
,
184n
,
185
,
185n
,
188n
,
193
,
193n
,
196n
,
198n
,
199
,
200
,
200n
,
201
,
202
,
214n
Migration Amendment (Complementary Protection) Act 2011 (No.121 of 2011)
198n
Migration Policy Institute
62n, 381n
migration crisis
90, 295, 306, 345n, 360, 377
migration flows
175, 275
,
308
, 309,
376
migration law(s)
211
,
343
,
345
,
359n
, 309,
361
,
363n
,
368
,
369n
,
370
,
371
,
372
Migration Legislation Amendment Bill (No.6) 2001
198n
migration movements
360
migration policy
1
, 12n, 289, 296,
309
, 362n,
363, 381n
Migration Policy Institute
362n
Ministerial discretion
211
Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v mzyyl
(2012) 207 fcr211, 215 [18]
185n
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Singh (2002) 209 clr 533
196
,
196n
,
199
misdemeanors
320
Mladic 2017
26
,
397
mobilization
139
Montreal Convention 1971
153
Montreal Protocol 1988
153
Morocco
348
moral gravity
274
moral panic
181
,
346n
,
356n
Mr. O2 96
municipal law
25
, 178n,
191
,
192
,
196
Muslim
5n, 6n, 18, 42, 54
, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 77,
79
,
85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 97n, 105n, 103, 110, 137
, 140,
180
, 213, 229, 230, 290, 290n, 304n, 308, 313, 327, 394
Muslim travel ban
73
,
290
,
290n
Myanmar
7, 382
national defence
296
,
300n
national interest
203
,
207
,
214
,
278
,
300
national security
354
,
370
,
371
,
372
,
384
nationalism
xiii, 180n, 308
nationality
205
,
212
National Action Plan to Prevent and to Counter Terrorism
335
national identity
34, 356
national law
national criminal law
397
national security
xi
,
3
,
17
,
18
,
23
,
24
,
42
,
50
,
51
,
53
,
55
,
56
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
73
,
74
,
75
,
77
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
83
,
86
,
87
,
92
,
93
,
94
,
100
,
176
,
177
,
177n
,
178
,
180
,
181
,
184
,
187
,
188
,
193
,
204n
,
205
,
205n
,
206
,
207
,
211
,
213
,
276
,
277
,
277n
,
278
,
278n
,
283n
,
285
,
287
,
288
,
289
,
292
,
295
,
298
,
299
,
300
,
301
,
302
,
303
,
304n
,
306
,
307
,
309
,
359
,
394
,
395
National Action Plan to Prevent and Counter Radicalisation and Violent Extremism
311n
nativism
35
,
64
,
66
,
67
,
78
,
84
,
85
,
395
nativist
18
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
66
,
67
,
79
,
84
nativist rhetoric
85
,
86
natural justice
92
“natural violence”
44
naturalization
331
,
332
,
333
,
339
,
340
Netherlands
326
,
396
Nigeria
348
,
349
New York Convention 1973
153
New York Convention 1979
153
New York Convention 1994
153
New Zealand
viii, 22, 148, 150n, 156n, 157, 158, 167, 170, 192, 224n, 226, 396
non-citizens
184, 185, 187
,
187n
,
188
,
189, 190
,
194, 207
non-derogable human rights
278
,
399
non-governmental organizations (ngos)
305
,
369
non-international armed conflict
8, 9, 25, 217, 218
,
228
,
377
,
401
,
404
non-political
42n, 50, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 269, 303, 316
,
317
non-refoulement
24
,
50
,
187
,
191
,
214
,
219
,
278n
,
283
,
283n
,
284
,
284n
,
285
,
288
,
306
,
306n
,
334
,
337
,
340
,
398
non-state actors
vii, 281
North Africa
383
orientalism
42n, 54n
,
55n, 59
orientalist logic
42
organized crime
129
,
139
,
173n
,
325
organized criminality
19, 395
Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee problems in Africa (oau Convention) 1969
36
,
285n
,
380
,
380n
othering
18
,
71
,
360
,
360n
otherness
66
,
71
,
364
,
375
Office of Constitutional Protection (ocp)
31
,
302
Operation Sovereign Borders
23
,
179
,
179n
,
180n
,
397
oppressor state
401
Overseas Contingency Operations
3
Pacific Solution
23
,
179
,
397
Pakistan
135, 141, 216, 312
,
318
,
348
,
349
,
383n
Palermo Convention on Organised Crime 2000
156n
paradigm
56, 57, 89, 120, 364
paradigm shift
364
peace
382
,
402n
peace and security
401
people smuggling
23
,
397
perpetrate
229, 254, 263, 393, 403
perpetrator(s)
295n
,
303
,
305
,
344
,
351
,
351n
,
359n
,
365
,
383
,
393
,
397
,
402
perpetration
391n
permanent residence permit
334
persecutory
386
,
398
“persona non grata”
334
personal complicity
259
personal responsibility
251
personal rights
368
Plaintiff M47/2012 v Director-General of Security (2012) 252 clr 1, 63 [126] (Gummow J)
186
Plan of Action
387
,
387n
polarisation
18, 33, 63, 68, 72
,
73
,
78, 86, 281
populism
395
populist discourses
342n
populist measures
369
Poland
80, 362
,
363
political agenda
372
political extremism
393
political operatives
394
political oppression
x
,
401
political violence
383n
poverty
20
,
127, 137, 356n
pre-emptive
395
prescription
395
Prevent Program
135
Prevent, Pursue, and Protect
137
preventative
18, 394, 395
prevention of statelessness
338
prevention of terrorism
3, 31, 359n, 370, 375, 400
Prevention of Terrorism Act (pta) 2005
19
,
93
,
115
privacy rights
371
procedural fairness
19, 55, 55n, 58, 116, 187, 188, 190, 201n, 214
proportionality test
286
,
288
,
303
,
319
,
339n
proportionality principle
323
,
328
,
354
,
372
proportionate
198, 301, 301n, 307
Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States
290
prosecution
viii, 21, 25, 33, 36, 69, 102n, 141, 151, 151n, 204, 204n, 210, 215
,
216, 224, 228, 232n, 240, 378n
, 390,
398
,
392, 404
Prosecutor v Brdjanin (unreported) 3 April 2007, the icty Appeals Chamber
261n
Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic, Case No. IT-98–33-T, Judgement, 2 August 2001
228
Prosecutor v. Ratko Mladic, Case No. IT-09–92-T, Judgement, Volumes i to v, 22 November 2017
232
Prosecutor v. Stanislave Galic, Case No. IT-98–29-A, Appeals Chamber, Judgement, 30 November 2006
228
Prosecutor v Tadic, 15 July 1999, (1999) 9 ihrr 1051
252
,
252n
,
253
,
254n
,
257
,
261
,
273
protracted armed conflict
1
,
2
,
20
,
383n
,
384
,
385
,
393
,
396
,
401
,
402
,
404
Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States
63
,
73
,
75
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation
153n
Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
153n
Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 1967
65
,
220
,
392n
protection
vii, viii, xiii, xiv, xv, 25, 30, 31, 32, 41n, 42n, 48, 49n, 50n, 53, 60, 65, 79, 85, 86, 87, 116n, 123, 126, 141, 147, 172, 175, 177, 178, 179, 179n, 181, 182, 183, 184, 184n, 185, 186, 187, 188, 188n, 190, 191, 191n, 192, 192n, 193, 193n, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 201n, 202, 202n, 203, 204, 204n, 205, 212, 213, 217, 218, 219, 219n, 220, 239, 249, 250n, 261, 262, 263, 266, 275, 276, 277, 278, 278n, 279, 280, 281, 283, 283n, 284, 285, 285n, 286n, 287, 287n, 288, 292, 297, 297n, 299, 299n, 300, 300n, 301, 301n, 303, 305, 306n, 307, 309, 309n, 310, 312, 312n, 313, 314, 315, 315n, 319, 326, 328, 329, 336, 337, 338
,
339
,
340
,
349, 352, 353n, 354, 355, 359, 370n, 371n, 374, 375n, 381n, 385, 389, 399
provisional admission
313
,
316
,
326
,
327
,
328
,
329
,
329n
,
330
,
335
public discourse
359, 360
public interest
11
,
207
,
208
,
211
,
214
,
369
,
371
public international law
14
,
340
public order
301
,
360
,
363
,
369
,
371
,
372
public policy
ix, xi, xvi, 1, 11, 11n, 14, 15, 373, 399
public policy makers
ix
wicked public policy problems
11
public security
177
,
363
“purification exercise”
33
,
339
“push backs”
365
R. v. Déry, 2006 scc
53
158n
R (AN) v Secretary of State for Justice [2009] ewhc 1921
115n
Ramirez v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) (1992) 2 F.C.
257n
Re B [2008] ukhl
35
,
113
radicalism
125
,
347
,
348
radicalization
123
,
127
,
128
,
130
,
308
,
311
,
336
,
340
,
347
,
350
,
350n
,
360
,
395
Ramirez 1992
29
race
128, 147, 219, 219n, 283, 284, 349, 398, 379n, 395
racism
18
,
20
,
62
,
80
,
127
,
394
racist
62, 64, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 308, 347, 358, 395
racial discrimination
80
racial hierarchies
17
racist beliefs
74
radical activities
349
radical Islamism
342n
radical Islamic terrorism
346n
radicalization
19
,
20
,
33
,
34
,
127
,
128
,
130
,
132
,
135
,
136
,
139
,
213
,
275
,
335n
,
336
,
341
,
344
,
344n
,
350
,
350n
,
352
,
353n
,
354
,
355
,
396
,
399
,
400
radicalization processes
129
radicalization risks
133
Radicalization Awareness Network (raw)
354n
radicalised refugees
131
,
355
Real ID Act 2006
65
reasonable grounds
113, 114
, 117, 184, 184n, 191, 192, 272, 312n
reasonable suspicion
19
,
24
,
100
,
100n
,
115
,
395
recruitment
130
,
213
,
395
recruited
138
recruitment offences
206
refoulement
24
,
191n
,
192
,
202
,
206
,
210
,
211
,
212
,
285
,
314
,
316
,
319
,
329
,
337
refugee(s)
2
,
5
,
12
,
14
,
17
,
47
,
54
,
68
,
71
,
73
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
124
,
127
,
178
,
180
,
181
,
184
,
187
,
205
,
213
,
275
,
279
,
286
,
288
,
289
,
301n
,
302n
,
305
,
306
,
306n
,
311
,
319
,
322
,
326
,
330
,
342n
,
344
,
346n
,
351
,
355
,
357
,
357n
,
359
,
360n
,
361
,
362
,
364
,
367
,
372
,
373
,
374
,
375n
,
376
,
377n
,
378
,
381n
,
382
,
385
,
400
,
402n
refugee claims
393
refugee diaspora politics
130
refugee movements
129
refugee resettlement program
290
refugee terrorist
16
,
46
Refugee Act 1980
65
refugee crises
ix
,
7
,
11
,
72
,
85
,
292n
,
309
,
346n
,
357n
,
367
,
399
,
402n
refugee flows
376
,
376n
refugee journey
19, 20, 123, 128, 129
refugee law
1
, 13, 13n, 15, 16, 23, 46, 171, 180n,
185
,
191
,
192n, 273, 280, 312
, 385n,
393
,
393n, 395n, 396, 402n
Refugee Law Initiative (rli)
x
,
xn
,
x
,
12
refugee protection
21
,
35
,
37
,
175
,
175n
,
177
,
179
,
194
,
202
,
220
,
221
,
222
,
286
,
314
,
376n
,
386
,
393
,
395
,
396
,
398
,
400
,
403
,
404
refugee protection visa
184
refugee rights
53n
,
326
,
375n
,
399
Refugee status
195
, 196,
196n
,
201n
,
249
,
265
,
271
,
273
,
286
,
288
,
289
,
313
,
315
,
316
,
323
,
327
,
328
,
341
,
385
,
393
,
398
,
399
Refugee studies
126
Refugee status determination (rsd)
83
,
84
“refugee terrorist”
394
religion
74, 78, 128, 144, 147, 219, 219n, 283, 284, 349, 378, 379n
remedies
55, 301n, 368, 370
resettlement
83
,
180
,
404
residence
x, 34, 35, 118, 211, 282, 288, 298, 300, 306n, 307, 314, 329, 329n, 330, 338, 340, 361, 364, 366, 370, 366
residence permit
288
,
300
,
306n
,
330
,
331
,
338
,
340
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
389
,
389n
returns
370
revocation
334
,
353n
,
354
,
355
,
368
Revolutionary United Front (ruf)
168
right to assembly
371
right to asylum
283n
,
285n
,
298
,
365
,
368
right-wing radicals
344
,
347
right-wing radicalism
348n
right-wing radicalization
360
right to a fair trial
371
“right to have rights”
44
right to self-determination
388
rightlessness
44
risk assessment
102
Romania
362
Rome Convention 1988
154
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998
22
,
28
,
153n
,
155
,
158
,
195n
,
221
,
225
,
225n
,
244
,
251
,
251n
,
252
,
255
,
260
,
261
,
264
,
264n
,
268
,
269
,
270
,
270n
,
390
root causes
2
,
35
,
349, 350, 350n, 372
,
400
,
401
rule of law
25
,
92
,
96n
,
120
,
181n
,
188
,
213
,
335n
,
343n
,
358n
,
387
Russian Federation
352
,
362
sryyy v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 147 fcr 1, [19]-[49] (The Court)
195n
,
196n
sshd v. AF (no. 3) [2009] ukhl 29
94n
safe third country
293, 298
Salafi
20, 124
,
131
sanctioned violence
394
Sarajevo
26, 231, 231n, 232, 234
scapegoating
353n
,
372
Schengen area
293
,
350
secondary liability
270
“secret evidence”
395
secret trials
16
,
18
,
92
,
95
,
117n
,
118
,
394
Secretary General of the United Nations
215
Secretary of State for the Home Department (sshd)
94
,
102
,
103
,
104
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
109n
,
110n
,
112
,
113
,
115
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
119
security
325
,
369
,
370
,
371
,
372
,
376
,
399
,
400
security authorities
369
security fear
346
,
371
security issues
276
,
346
security law
368
security narrative
369
,
372
security risks
205n, 275, 307
Security Service
97
securitization
3
,
12
,
17
,
23
,
25
,
34
,
47n
,
61
,
62
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
70
,
79
,
81
,
83
,
84
,
85
,
86
,
175n
,
177
,
178
,
178n
,
179n
,
183
,
206n
,
213
,
214
,
276
,
292n
,
343
,
345
,
361
,
363
,
367
,
368
,
370
,
371
,
372
,
396
,
399
securitization narratives
83
securitization of migration
177
,
400
self-determination
125, 224, 318, 375, 380, 388, 389
September 11, 2001
1
,
2
,
65
,
255
,
257
,
258
,
355
9/11
1
,
1n
,
2
,
7
,
18
,
23
,
35
,
36
,
93
,
177
,
179
,
216
,
236
,
289
,
291
,
291n
,
309
,
355n
,
357n
,
359n
,
386
,
394
serious crime(s)
191
,
289
,
302n
,
317
,
320
,
354
serious criminality
12, 12n, 52n, 59, 172, 199, 220, 221, 244, 245, 249, 393
serious international crimes
21
,
196
,
202
,
222
,
243
,
244
,
386
,
389
,
392
,
397
,
403
serious misconduct
320
,
322
,
325
serious non-political crimes
289
, 317,
317n
,
318
serious reasons for considering
194
,
195
,
202
,
271
,
273
,
287
,
320
,
322
Sierra Leone
168
Sierra Leone Special Court
23, 218, 219n
“significant contribution”
398
,
399
Sivakumar v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) (CA.) [1994 ] 1 C.F.
258n
slavery
5n, 152, 202
smuggling
129
,
178n
,
179n
,
180
,
375n
social alienation
20
,
127
social exclusion
20
,
127
social media
350n, 358
Soering v United Kingdom (1989) 11 ehrr 439
285n
soft law
194
Somalia
107
,
312
,
348
,
349
,
382
,
400
sovereignty
viii
, xvi, 80, 81, 151n, 181n, 185, 282,
297
South Asia
xv, 141, 383
South Sudan
vii, 7, 382
,
382n
Spain
362
,
363n
Special Advocates (SA)
19
,
51
,
95
,
99
,
101
,
113
,
117
,
119
,
395
Special Court of Sierra Leone (scsl)
218
Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Interlocutory Decision on the Applicable Law: Terrorism, Conspiracy, Homicide, Perpetration, Cumulative charging, stl-II-OI/I/AC/RI76bis, Appeals Chamber, 16 February 2011
173n
,
391
Srebrenica
229
,
229n
,
230
Sri Lanka
20, 27, 124, 126, 129, 130, 131, 141, 142, 237, 237n, 241, 241n, 317, 332, 339
sshd
v MB [2007])
ewhc 651 (Admin)
101n
stabilization
360
start, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
381
,
383
,
383n
standard of proof
100
,
113n
,
202
,
271
,
273
,
316
,
320
,
339
,
395
,
399
statelessness
210
,
211
,
211n
,
212
,
213
stateless refugee
43
states
vii
,
ix
state of emergency
31
state protection
312
,
368
state sponsored terrorism
65
,
375
state sovereignty
283
,
389
status revocation
328
stigmatization
350n
,
354
,
399
,
400
strategy
401
subjectivity
129
subsidiary protection status
301
,
306
,
306n
substantial contribution
271n
Sub-Sahara Africa
383
Sudan
382
Suresh v Canada (Minister for Citizenship and Immigration [2002 ] 1 scr 27
186n
,
235
,
285n
,
397
,
397n
surveillance
177n
Sweden
396
Swiss Asylum Act (AA)
32
,
313
,
315
,
319
,
320
,
320n
,
322
,
323
,
324
,
325
,
326
,
327
,
328
,
334
,
338
,
400
Article 53
314
,
314n
,
319
,
320
,
322
,
323
,
324
,
325
,
326
,
328
,
334
,
338
,
399
Swiss Criminal Code
32
,
314
,
320
,
321
,
324
,
399
,
400
Swiss Federal Act on Foreign Nationals and Integration (fnia)
313
,
314n
,
316
,
328
,
329
,
330
,
334
Swiss Federal Act on Naturalization (fln)
331
Swiss Federal Administrative Court (fac)
312
,
312n
,
313
,
315
,
315n
,
316
,
317
,
321
,
322
,
323
,
324
,
325
,
326
,
331
,
331n
,
332
,
333
,
338
Swiss Federal Constitution (sfc)
314
,
316
,
325
,
335
,
337
,
339
,
340
Swiss Federal Department for Police and Justice (ejpd)
328
Swiss Federal Gazette
325n
Swiss Federal Intelligence Service (fis)
311
,
314
,
326
,
328
,
331
,
333
,
336
,
336n
,
339
,
340
Swiss Federal Laws
314n
Swiss Federal Department (Ministry) of Defence, Civil Protection, and Sports
340
Swiss Federal Office of Police (fedpol)
322
,
328
Swiss State Secretariat for Migration
329
Swiss Federal Supreme Court
316n
,
328n
Swiss Secretariat of Migration (sem)
32
,
314
,
315n
,
316
,
318
,
326
,
328
,
329
,
329n
Swiss Security Network
335
,
336n
Switzerland
316
,
319
,
321
,
322
,
323
,
324
,
325
,
326
,
328
,
329
,
330
,
332
,
333
,
334
,
335
,
337
,
338
,
340
,
398
,
399
,
400
Syria
312
,
327
,
336
,
347
,
348
,
348n
,
349
,
352
,
353n
,
382
,
382n
,
400
szcwp
, v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] fcafc 9 (Gyles and Downes JJ, Wilcox J dissenting)
195n
T v Home Secretary [1996] AC 742, 786–787 (Lord Lloyd of Berwick) (Lord Keith of Kinkel and Lord Browne-Wilkinson, agreeing)
197
T6 v. Secretary of State for the Home Department
49
tactical advantage
401
Taliban
3, 313
,
349
Tamil asylum diaspora politics
124
Task Force TeTra (Terrorist Tracking)
336
Temporary Exclusion Orders (teo)
117
,
117n
temporary protection
179
,
179n
,
306
,
306n
terror
ix
,
177n
,
308
,
350n
,
371
,
392n
terror attacks
285
,
356
terror emergency situation
31
,
296
terror suspect
54
terror threat
275
,
276
,
296
,
394
terrorism
vii
,
ix
,
xn
,
1
,
2
,
4
,
11
,
12
,
14
,
18
,
25
,
30
,
33
,
35
,
36
,
61
,
70
,
74
,
85
,
86
,
93
,
96
,
100
,
113
,
118
,
127
,
137
,
139
,
152
,
156
,
160
,
161
,
177
,
181
,
182n
,
183
,
186
,
193
,
196
,
196n
,
199
,
200
,
204n
,
206
,
209
,
212
,
213
,
215
,
217
,
218
,
219
,
221
,
222
,
222n
,
223
,
225
,
236
,
242
,
243
,
245
,
256n
,
266
,
269
,
273
,
275
,
276
,
276n
,
279
,
281
,
288
,
289n
,
290
,
291n
,
293
,
303
,
304
,
304n
,
305
,
306
,
308
,
309
,
310
,
310n
,
311
,
314
,
315
,
322n
,
325
,
327
,
336
,
338
,
340
,
340n
,
342
,
343
,
343n
,
345
,
346
,
346n
,
348n
,
349
,
349n
,
350
,
351n
,
352
,
353
,
353n
,
354
,
355
,
355n
,
356
,
356n
,
357
,
358
,
358n
,
359
,
359n
,
360
,
366
,
368
,
370
,
371
,
372
,
373
,
374
,
374n
,
377n
,
378
,
378n
,
379
,
382
,
383
,
383n
,
385
,
386
,
387
,
388
,
389
,
390
,
390n
,
391
,
391n
,
392n
,
393
,
397
,
398
,
401
,
402
,
403
,
404
terrorism and asylum
86
,
375n
,
376n
,
395
,
396
,
398
,
399
,
400
,
401
,
402n
terrorism and asylum nexus
17
,
376n
,
400
terrorism cases
17, 53, 235, 343
terrorism financing
334
,
374n
terrorism and immigration
344n
terrorism investigation
136
terrorism and the politics of fear
355n
,
359n
,
360n
terrorism prevention
350
terrorism as psychological warfare
281
Terrorism Act, 2000
93
Terrorism Act, 2005
93
Terrorism Convention 1937
152
,
155n
Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act (tpima) 2011
93
,
116
,
117
Terrorism Suppression Act 2002
161
terrorist(s)
4
,
13
,
30
,
32
,
33
,
42
,
74
,
75
,
77
,
84
,
92
,
113
,
119
,
177
,
180
,
180n
,
181n
,
182
,
183
,
210n
,
212
,
213
,
225
,
274
,
276
,
291
,
306
,
307
,
309
,
310
,
311
,
313
,
314
,
317n
,
319
,
321
,
322
,
328
,
329n
,
330
,
336n
,
337
,
338
,
339
,
340
,
353n
,
354
,
358
,
360
,
361
,
374
,
376
,
377
,
385
,
395
,
400
terrorist crimes
147
,
327
,
347
,
351
,
352
,
396
terrorist group(s)
160
,
161
,
276
,
309
,
312
,
313
,
319
,
321
,
322
,
331
terrorist financing
303
,
347n
terrorist legislation
100
,
112
,
113
,
118n
terrorist militia
312
terrorist organization
163
,
166
,
173
,
176
,
192
,
193
,
199
,
203
,
203n
,
204
,
204n
,
206
,
212
,
242
,
288
,
307
,
308
,
314
,
315
,
320
,
321
,
322
,
328
,
337
,
347
,
347n
,
349
,
352
,
383
,
397
,
399
,
400
terrorist suspect
45
,
338
,
340
,
403
terrorist threat
93, 180, 216, 275, 335, 337, 373, 394
terrorist acts
44
,
176
,
176n
,
181
,
182
,
183
,
216
,
220
,
221
,
255
,
267
,
269
,
287
,
288
,
300
,
324
,
328
,
348
,
352n
,
353n
,
355
,
357
terrorist activities
11
,
16
,
28
,
32
,
33
,
53
,
114
,
147n
,
166
,
173n
,
195
,
197
,
220
,
221
,
222
,
225
,
235
,
238
,
244
,
267
,
303
,
306
,
309
,
311
,
314
,
326
,
327
,
339
,
347
,
352
,
375
,
377
,
390
,
394
,
398
,
399
,
400
,
401
,
404
terrorist attack(s)
ix
,
2
,
5
,
11
,
20
,
93
,
180
,
183
,
276
,
309
,
321
,
336
,
342n
,
347
,
351n
,
353n
,
358
,
358n
,
360
,
383
,
383n
terrorist offences
22
,
51
,
109n
,
119
,
160
,
161
,
176
,
186
,
347n
terrorist violence
215, 383n
terrorist refugee
394
terrorize
378
,
401
terrorizing civilians
222
,
231
,
243
,
392n
,
397
,
398
third country nationals
295
,
297
threat of terrorism
24n, 37, 64, 74, 186, 187, 225n, 245, 395
torture
202
,
268
,
278
,
337
transit country
292
transit zones
294
transnational crime
23
,
152
,
180
transnational criminal law (tcl)
21
,
23
,
151
,
152
,
155
,
156
,
156n
,
173
transnational law
151
transnational network
20
transnational politics
124
transnational terrorism
128
,
391n
travel ban
62
,
84
treaty
303
treaty law
25
,
397
Treaty of the European Union
286
travaux prépartoires
303
Trump Administration
64
,
68
,
69
,
71
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
83
,
85
,
86
Trump v. Hawaii
5n
,
6
,
6n
Turkey
4, 20, 35, 131, 209, 322, 324, 362
,
363
,
363n
turn-backs/take-backs
178n
Twin Towers of the World Trade Centre
2
Unaccompanied child asylum seeker
138
unauthorized maritime arrival (uma)
178
United Airlines 93
2
United Kingdom (UK)
28, 249
,
394
,
396
UK Counter-Terrorism Strategy (contest)
20
UK Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006
256
UK Home Secretary
394
,
395
UK Parliament, Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament’s Report
20
UK Secret Service
395
UK Supreme Court
398
,
399
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (usa Patriot Act) Act of 2001/section 2339 of Title 18, United States Code
163n
United Nations (UN)
ix
,
2
,
190
,
222
,
256
,
286
,
374n
,
377n
,
386
,
388
,
388n
,
389
,
398
,
402
,
402n
United Nations System
xv, 387
United Nations Action Plan to Prevent Violent Extremism
335n
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr)
ix
,
28
,
32
,
200n
,
257
,
258
,
269
,
271n
,
272n
,
273
,
273n
,
274
,
283n
,
293
,
300
,
300n
,
301n
,
303
,
305
,
308
,
316
,
316n
,
362n
,
363n
,
369
,
374n
,
378n
,
380n
,
381
,
381n
,
382
,
382n
,
384n
,
392n
unhcr
Guidelines on International Protection: Application of the Exclusion Clauses: Article 1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
250
,
250n
,
256n
,
273
,
273n
unhcr Handbook
286n
United Nations General Assembly Resolutions
386n
,
388
United Nations General Assembly’s Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism
279
United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
216n
,
217n
,
387
,
387n
,
388
United Nations Human Rights Committee (hrc)
189
,
190
United Nations Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals
222n
United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism
217n
,
223n
,
387
,
387n
,
388n
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Terrorism Prevention
ixn
,
350n
,
387
,
387n
unodc
ixn
,
350n
, 387n
United Nations Security Council
215
,
255
,
388
,
401
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1269
215
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368
3n
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373
65
,
70
,
200
,
216
,
269n
,
276
,
276n
,
280
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1377
269n
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566
279n
United States of America
ix
,
394
,
396
United States (US)
2
,
394
U.S. Bill of Rights
397
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (dhs)
367
US Immigration and Nationality Act (ina) 1952
289
,
289n
US Patriot Act 2001
65
,
289
,
289n
US Real ID Act 2005
289
,
289n
U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (usrap)
290
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
282n
,
283
,
283n
universal jurisdiction
21
,
151
,
152
universal legal definition of Terrorism
374
unlawful non-citizen
194
“unworthiness”
314
,
315
,
318
,
319
,
322
,
325
,
328
,
338
,
339
,
398
,
399
,
400
“victims of terrorism”
338
,
385
victimization
350n
,
353n
,
355
violence
vii
,
xin
,
16
,
42
,
43
,
44
,
44n
,
58n
,
73
,
80
,
350n
,
382
,
394
,
400
violent extremism
194
,
325
,
350n
violent crimes
359n
violent extremist
331
violent extremist Terrorism
346
violent movement
322
vulnerable persons
19, 123, 138
,
144, 394, 395, 396
Walter Benjamin
43n
,
50
war
324
,
380
,
382
,
401
,
402
,
402n
,
404
War in Afghanistan
3
war crimes
vii
,
202
,
202n
,
221
,
237n
,
238
,
242
,
254
,
286
,
389
,
392n
,
397
,
401
,
402
war crime of ill-treatment
254
war crime of terror
219n, 228n, 232n, 392n
“War on Terror”
2n
,
3
,
94n
,
176n
,
393n
War and Terrorism
393n
war zone
9, 332, 401
Warsaw Pact
362
well-founded fear of persecution
378
,
399
“weapons of mass migration”
347
,
402
World War i
362
World War ii
153
,
229, 284
, 229,
286
,
362
worldview
63
,
68
,
70
xenophobia
78
,
80
,
309
,
347
xenophobic/racist 347
Yugoslavia
362
,
363n
Youssef v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] ewca Civ 933
257n
,
271n
,
274
zero immigration
364
“zero-tolerance policy”
18
,
62
,
63
,
69
,
71
,
84