72. Water ethics â lessons from post-normal science
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Water ethics is an emerging field in application-oriented ethics. It reviews the normative and evaluative implications of human water practices and aims to argue for (more) justified practices. The text corpus on water ethics continues to grow, reflecting an increasing demand for moral orientation. It is time now to take stock and reflect how to address inherent tensions within this corpus, in particular regarding its practice and object. In this vein, the paper does not intend to produce a reductionist and uniform account of the diverse field of water ethics. On the contrary, it perceives itself as a critical and constructive reflection of this rich field. In order to capture the water ethical scholarship, the analysis in this paper addresses ethics primarily as a form of social activity rather than a body of different theories, which it also is. It will first unfold tensions and dividing lines within the water ethical literature. Subsequently, after introducing post-normal sciences (PNS), the paper asks how this approach might help to bridge some of the tensions in the water ethical literature. PNS challenges the dominance of scientific representations in dealing with real-world problems and constitutes an innovative mode of knowledge production for environmental governance under conditions of complexity and uncertainty. The approach of this paper helps assess the potentials and aspirations of water ethics as a field of application-oriented ethics.