Strategies for vitamin E transdermal delivery
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Long term UV exposure is known to induce cell damage which may cause skin carcinogenesis. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), a natural biological antioxidant, has been shown to protect against UV light-induced cell damage, to treat skin diseases and several types of cancer or to decrease oxidative stress. For this reason vitamin E based formulations, may be employed as protective agents. To obtain an effective photoprotection, a significant amount of antioxidant needs to arrive at the site, but skin barrier properties and vitamin E poor stability, due to direct exposure to UV light, limit its use and deposition in the skin. Consequently, the choice of an appropriate carrier is particularly important for enhancing vitamin E penetration through the stratum corneum and improving its efficacy. There are numerous strategies to facilitate the transdermal delivery of vitamin E. Chemicals substances and methods that modify the properties of stratum corneum can be used. In addition, during the last years, particular increasing attention has been given to drug delivery systems that have proved efficacy in enhancing pharmacological effects, vitamin E photoprotection and favouring its transdermal delivery.