Research approaches to support development
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There is a need to use a systems approach to complement the traditional reductionist approaches of conventional science to ensure that development is both socially and environmentally sustainable. The systems approach is essentially three things: the philosophy or concept of holism, a study of the whole system; a physical system such as an aquaculture system located in a hierarchy of systems from organism, through enterprise and farm, to community, region, nation and the world; and methods for identifying and solving problems or identifying and exploiting opportunities. As most real world problems are complex, they require interdisciplinarity, most effectively provided by teams of natural and social scientists. A general, seven step systems methodology is outlined and a discussion of farming systems research and extension, with examples from aquaculture.