Endocrine effects on immune function: defining opportunities based on knowledge from growing calf and periparturient animal models

T. Elsasser; K.L. Ingvartsen; S. Kahl; A.V. Capuco

Endocrine effects on immune function: defining opportunities based on knowledge from growing calf and periparturient animal models

In: Ruminant physiology

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T. Elsasser

T. Elsasser ¹USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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K.L. Ingvartsen

K.L. Ingvartsen ²Danish Institute of Agricultural Science, Dept. of Animal Health and Welfare Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark

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S. Kahl

S. Kahl ¹USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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A.V. Capuco

A.V. Capuco ¹USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 419–453

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086865666_017

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Birth and parturition, lactation, weaning, castration, and seasonal diet change constitute defined, and, for the most part, naturally occurring periods in animals’ lives where a needed priority for a specific biological function temporarily challenges the stability of other physiological processes. A tremendous quantity of data has been amassed in attempts to categorize nutritional, hormonal, and immunological perturbations associated with these stresses. However, clear cause and effect relationships remain elusive and thus biochemically-defined, pathway-based decision structures towards preventive intervention lack in favor of the more traditional treatment of symptoms. Many of the physiological conflicts of this sort can be appreciated in the delicate, but critically balanced state of the periparturient dairy cow and the need to recognize the importance of individual animal variability in the management scheme. We present here some newer findings and implications regarding endocrine-immune interactions and effects suggesting targets towards which intervention strategies could be developed for physiological critical periods. As examples of principle, the ability for growth hormone to critically regulate at multiple points the activity of nitric oxide synthases in the immune response to inflammation and the metabolic fate of nitric oxide are discussed. Similarly, the differential regulation of multifunctional peptides like adrenomedullin is presented.

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Ruminant physiology

Digestion, metabolism and impact of nutrition on gene expression, immunology and stress

E-Book ISBN:: 9789086865666

Publisher:: Wageningen Academic

Print Publication Date:: 24 Oct 2006

Subjects
- Life Sciences
  - General
  - Animal & Veterinary

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Endocrine effects on immune function: defining opportunities based on knowledge from growing calf and periparturient animal models

Citation Info

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Ruminant physiology

Digestion, metabolism and impact of nutrition on gene expression, immunology and stress

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