Like a High Black Wave Jørgen Stein and the Spanish Flu
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In 1918 the world faced a challenge as the great influenza swept the shores and lands of all countries. Scientists struggled to define the disease and citizens experienced a change in interpersonal relationships due to the fear of infection while they at the same time lived through sicknesses and deaths of dear ones. The Danish writer Jacob Paludan includes the influenza in his novel Jørgen Stein, a novel which, when published in 1932, was heralded as a factual description of provincial Denmark at the time of World War I. As one reads the book today, however, it becomes clear that its realism is a sticky affair. As to the influenza, the doubts, the grief and ethical dilemmas of the epidemic do, to a large extent, give way to a definition of infection which runs along the lines of the moral and sexual taboos established in the description of syphilis in cultural and literary history, for instance in the works of Thomas Mann. Paludan thus offers an account which is more or less a story of dubious culprits and scenes of crime. If the novel is to be regarded as a factual description of the influenza and its psychological consequences, my argument will be that is just as much due to the fact that it manifests a certain cultural reaction to the influenza, as it gives a detailed description of the epidemic.