Index
abessive case
see caritive case
ablative case
229; see second genitive case
accusative case
69, 98, 102, 104, 123, 135, 144, 146–147, 200, 224–225, 227, 358–359, 442–457, 478–481, 563–565, 596–598, 793
actionality
194–195, 197, 299, 388–413, 458–459, 512–515, 613, 619–622, 749, 794, 865–867, 881, 935–936, 944–945, 947
additive particle
120–121, 137
adjectival plural
78–79, 145, 436–437, 529–530, 567, 636–639, 816, 862, 889–891, 916–917
adjective
39–43, 78, 186–190, 209, 528–533, 539–545, 566–567, 816, 852
adverb
43–47, 198–200, 600–601
adverbial case
74, 98, 101, 120, 177, 242–244, 357, 608, 625–626, 786, 791, 1087
adverbial clause
286–287, 748, 896–916
alienable and inalienable possession
85–89
anaphora
971–974
animacy
113, 204, 248, 278, 282, 350, 359–360, 420, 431, 434, 441, 448–457, 488, 502–503, 525, 530, 535–537, 550, 575–576, 586, 638–640, 642, 664, 703, 708, 766, 781, 835–836, 861–862, 871–872, 875, 880, 883, 891–893
antecedent
971
anticausative
487–488
antipassive
485, 498–504
antiresultative
464–465
apprehensive
335–337
approximative case
98, 104, 128, 142, 261–265, 435, 572, 695
argument
414–415
associative plural
207–208, 212–217
attenuative
603, 609–625
autocausative
502–503
basic vocabulary
1040–1043
captative
195
caritive attributivizer
65–67, 175, 525, 813–815, 891, 894–895
caritive case
120, 240–241, 525, 561, 676–677, 681–682, 695–696, 940
case
64–65, 69–77, 220–221
case compounding
79–80, 106–107, 111, 559–567, 605–606, 665–667, 816–817
causative
156, 158, 192, 472–473, 475–485
child-directed speech
1050–1057
clause chaining
928–929
clitic
608–609, 951–952, 984–986, 996–997
clitic cluster
1012–1015
clusivity
100–101, 137
co-compound
93–97, 181–183
cognomen
214–215, 547, 1095–1096
color term
188, 196, 617, 1049–1050
comitative construction
234, 237–238, 695–696
comparative
601, 603–609, 615
complementizer
729–730, 732–740, 907–908, 956–960
concessive clause
904–905
conditional construction
355, 365, 384–387, 627–628, 838, 900–901, 905
conditional mood
168–169, 337, 366–367, 409–410, 699–700
conjectural question
318, 325–326, 352–353, 1000, 1010
conjunction
60, 655–663, 668–673, 897–898
consonant
18–19
consultants
2
converb
153–154, 172–178, 675, 680, 897–898, 920–949
coordination
543–545, 633–634, 639–641, 648, 652–673, 858–860
corpus
3–4
correlative
819, 832, 842–845
count and mass nouns
132, 203–207, 219–220, 469, 532, 536, 642–643, 688–690
counterfactual conditional
377–380
current relevance
290–291, 293, 305, 307–311, 316–317, 464–465
dative case
101, 132–134, 145, 148, 177, 199, 229–233, 354, 358–360, 420, 431–432, 434, 437, 441–442, 478–481, 496, 525, 561, 596, 598, 600, 690, 695–696, 790, 822, 906–907
debitive mood
171, 346–349, 351, 353–355, 363–364, 406–407, 699–700, 889
definiteness
268, 282, 448, 455, 555–556
deliberative form
161–162, 351–353, 910–911
demonstrative pronoun
114–116, 129, 453–457
depictive
see secondary predicate
deponent verb
508–510
detransitive
156–159, 164, 310–311, 473, 485–515, 776, 867–868
differential object marking
442–457
direct object
222, 224, 309–310, 358–359, 419–422, 436–442, 478, 730–731, 887–888
direct speech
950–951
discourse particle
775, 838, 855, 922, 954–955, 966, 984–1012, 1014–1015
disjunction
641, 668–673
distributive multipronoun
324, 736–737, 849
duplicative
195, 470
egressive case
75, 91–93, 128, 132–133, 199, 256–259
elative case
74, 91–93, 251–253, 428–429, 437–440, 524–525, 560, 562–563, 694
epistemic modality
339–361
equational predicate
709–712
equative
625–626
evidentiality
152–153, 164–167, 172, 180, 283, 292–297, 299, 305–306, 311–312, 404, 699
exceptive
599–600, 915–916
experientive
312–317, 466–467
factual conditional
380–383
finiteness
152–153
Finno-Ugric transcription
see Uralic phonetic alphabet
focus
319–321, 529, 536, 777–778
free-choice pronoun
116–118, 124–125, 134–135, 681, 683, 686–687
frequentative
460; see iterative
future tense
161–162, 287–290, 302–303, 402–404, 699, 838, 900–901, 905
geminate
21
general extender
660–661, 671–672
genitive case
225–226, 354, 526–528, 560–561, 563–565, 574, 584–585, 630–632, 695–696, 719–722, 777, 780–782, 802–807, 824, 871, 898
genre
16–17
greeting
1027–1029
habitual
284–285, 300–303, 459–462, 624, 702–703
hypothetical conditional
365–377
ideophone
51–53, 190, 198, 1045–1047
illative case
248; see lative case
imperative
169–171, 327–332, 337–338, 385–386
impersonal construction
473, 492–498, 800
impersonal verb
416–421
imposter
647
inclusive pronoun
see clusivity
inclusory construction
235–236
incorporation
445–446
indefinite pronoun
116–118, 119–121, 131, 133, 137, 681–687
indexing
635; see subject agreement
indicative mood
159
inessive case
244; see locative case
infinitive
153–155, 172–176, 339–340, 342–346, 350–351, 356–357, 359–360, 675, 680, 699–700, 744–756, 913
instrumental case
67, 89, 101, 123, 127, 132, 134, 144, 147, 233–240, 433–434, 441, 490–491, 524, 544–545, 560, 598, 600, 664–668, 695–696, 790, 801–802, 813–815, 823–824, 869, 871, 880, 906–907, 917–918
interjection
56–60
interrogative pronoun
116–118, 129, 217–218, 323–325, 736–740
inverse attraction
819, 832, 845–847
irrealis conditional
377
iterative
156, 158–159, 316–317, 458–474, 495–496, 780
kinship term
86, 214, 274, 276–277, 547–549, 1058–1078, 1088–1089
labile verb
424–427
language shift
14–15
language vs. dialect
11–12
lative case
89–93, 132, 200, 248–251, 360, 420, 428–431, 434–435, 437–439, 441–442, 694–695
light verb
226, 932–934, 941, 1044, 1052
locative case
91–93, 128–129, 150, 177, 244–248, 435, 562, 694
mirative
297–299
modality
339, 489–490, 792–793
monstrous agreement
968–970
mood
152–154
motion verb
428–430, 437–439, 469, 929–930, 939, 1047–1049
negative polarity item (NPI)
678, 689
negative pronoun
116–118, 119–121, 123–124, 134, 137, 241, 349, 676–681, 784, 879–880, 942
negative verb
153, 160, 162–166, 168–169, 180–182, 184–185, 350–351, 608–609, 673–675, 700, 911–912
nominal compound
200–201, 549–559, 761, 766–768, 808–811, 884–886
nominalization
153–154, 172–178, 314, 341–342, 454, 594–595, 759–817, 897–898; see also place nominalization
nominative case
64, 222–224, 359, 436–437, 442, 574, 589–590, 592–593, 595–596, 635, 777, 802–807, 871, 879–880, 918
non-epistemic modality
361–364
noun
38–39, 64, 191–192, 202, 442–444
noun phrase
517–519
number
64–65, 67–68, 121–122, 143, 202–220, 446–447, 535–537, 641–647, 665–667, 713, 780, 1026
numeral
49–50, 139–140, 533–541, 566–567, 641–642, 645, 648–649
oblinative
186–188
oblique stem
80–83, 144
optative
333–336, 349, 385–386, 740–340, 909–913
participle
153–154, 850–895
particle
60, 172–175; see also discourse particle
partitive
545–546, 641–642
passive
485–498
past tense (default)
162–164, 179, 290–291, 303–305, 391, 461–465, 699, 838, 900–901, 905
personal-local cases
69, 72–73, 103, 113–114, 116, 125–126, 149–150, 266–268, 531, 560, 770
personal pronoun
100–107, 563, 574, 972–974
place nominalization
150, 154, 173, 177, 767–770
pluperfect
167–168, 304, 306–308
pluractionality
467
politeness
329–332, 347, 380, 1026–1031, 1038–1039
possession
64–65, 68–69, 75–77, 104, 122–127, 130, 143–144, 147, 268–282, 447, 527–528, 530–532, 543, 555–556, 559–562, 565–567, 574–576, 584–585, 589–590, 592, 647–651, 719–722, 781–782, 811–812, 837–838, 873–874, 878–879, 1069–1071
postposition
53–54, 319–320, 433, 526–527, 568–569, 592–601, 696, 785–786, 811–812, 827–828, 897–898, 921–922
posture verb
707–709, 929, 939
predicative (part of speech)
47–49, 705–707
predicative possession
716, 719–724
present tense
159–161, 284–287, 299–301, 391, 459–460, 697–698
pro-drop
636
prohibitive
169–171, 327–332, 337, 385–386
prolative case
71–72, 90–91, 116, 128–130, 253–256, 428, 437–438, 562, 695
pronoun
36, 99, 442–444
proprietive
65–67, 151, 238, 544–545
prospective
864–865
pseudopartitive
452, 545–546, 641–642, 688
quantifier
49–50, 143, 205, 540–541, 645–647, 649, 687–692
question
318–326, 351–353, 735–736, 778–779
realis conditional
369–377
reason clause
906–909, 958–959
recessive case
69–70, 75, 92, 98, 104, 128, 142, 148, 265–266, 572, 694–695
reciprocal (detransitive derivation)
503
reciprocal pronoun
111–114, 137
referential communication experiment
4
reflexive (detransitive derivation)
502–503
reflexive pronoun
107–111, 137, 519–520, 539–543, 563, 574, 594, 597, 971–972, 974–983
relational noun
54–55, 261–262, 266, 269–270, 319–320, 435, 531, 535, 568–592, 618–619, 653, 826–827
relative clause
748, 818–895
relative pronoun
116–118, 131, 820–821, 829–835
reported speech
907–908, 913, 950–970
resultative form
171–172, 283, 308–314, 407–409, 462–463, 699–700, 727–728
retrospective shift
167, 183–184, 283–284, 299–308, 331–332, 336–338, 344, 347, 378–379, 404–406, 465–466
rhetorical question
135–136, 318, 324–325
secondary predicate
236–237, 240–241, 436, 727–728, 858–859, 897, 916–919
second genitive case
74, 101, 111, 135, 227–229, 434–435, 437, 440–441, 481, 491, 524, 526–528, 560–561, 563–565, 604–606, 695–696, 780–781, 791, 800–802, 822–824, 869–870
second past tense
see evidentiality
similative construction
625–626
similative plural
207–208, 217–219
stress
24–27, 119, 144, 147, 155, 168–169, 175, 678–679
subject
222, 226, 309–311, 354–355, 358–359, 363–364, 416, 418–421, 478, 486, 635, 731–732, 748, 777, 780–782, 799–811, 871–876, 878–881, 923–927, 974, 977–978
subject agreement
153–154, 538, 635–647, 712–715, 762, 783–784, 835–836, 910–911, 945, 948–949
suspended affixation
96
taboo
1032–1037
telicity
see actionality
tense
152–154, 283–284, 370–377, 380–383
terminative case
128, 132–133, 199, 259–261, 695, 943
time adverbial
131, 135–136, 145, 148–149, 151, 189–190, 199, 223–225, 229, 232–233, 240, 247, 250–251, 256–258, 308, 313–316, 390, 482, 601, 608, 618, 690, 783, 831–832, 855, 882–883, 965
toponym
91–92, 216–217, 448, 547
transitivity
421–424
Udmurt
10, 19, 85, 97–98, 119, 121, 136–138, 151, 154, 158, 184–185, 194, 201, 220, 244, 293–294, 338, 362, 447, 465–466, 515, 601–603, 708, 756–758, 761, 770, 909, 932, 1014–1015, 1024–1025
Uralic phonetic alphabet
20, 23
verb
37, 152–155, 192–198
verbal borrowing
194–196, 198, 346, 506–507, 1044
vocative
222–223, 274–276, 1058, 1067, 1071, 1077, 1079, 1089–1094
voice
see detransitive, causative
vowel
22
word order
522–523, 532–533, 539–543, 777–778, 840, 842–843, 856, 927, 939, 1016–1025