Note on Editions and Translations
Translations
Translations from Anselm’s works are my own. There is one exception: Benedicta Ward’s translations of the prayers and meditations—Ward, The Prayers and Meditations of St. Anselm, with the Proslogion (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973)—have been used with modifications. Ward’s translations bring out the poetic character of the prayers and meditations, which I wished to keep, but I have occasionally amended them in favour of a more literal translation.
I have also consulted a number of pre-existing translations, including Jasper Hopkins and Herbert Richardson, in Anselm of Canterbury, 4 volumes (London: SCM Press, 1974) and Samu Niskanen, Epistolae Anselmi Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi: Letters of Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).
Translations of other Latin authors, such as Augustine, Cassiodorus, Cassian, Bede, Amalarius of Metz and Durandus, are taken from published translations. I include references first to the book, chapter and line numbers of the Latin edition and then to the page numbers in the English translation. References to the Benedictine Rule, Eadmer’s Vita Anselmi and Lanfranc’s Constitutions are taken from the side-by-side Latin and English translations of Timothy Fry, R.W. Southern and David Knowles respectively, and I refer to chapter number and page number.
English translations of biblical texts are taken from the Douai-Rheims translation of the Latin Vulgate unless indicated. Where the meaning of the text is made clearer by making use of a newer translation, the New Revised Standard Version is used, and is indicated in brackets.
Editions
The majority of references to Anselm’s works are taken from S. Anselmi Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera Omnia, edited by F.S. Schmitt, 6 volumes (Edinburgh: Nelson, 1940–1951). References to this edition will follow this pattern: volume number in Schmitt’s edition (SI-VI), title of work (abbreviated), book and chapter (if relevant), followed by page number and line number.
References to Anselm’s letters written at Bec will be taken both from Samu Niskanen’s new edition, Epistolae Anselmi Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi: Letters of Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), and from Schmitt’s S. Anselmi Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera Omnia. At the time of publication, only the first volume of Niskanen’s edition is available; for this reason, references to the Bec correspondence will be taken from Niskanen’s edition, and references to the remainder of Anselm’s letters will be taken from Schmitt’s edition.
References to the Liber Anselmi archiepiscopi de humanis moribus per similitudines and the Liber ex dictis beati Anselmi are taken from Memorials of St Anselm, edited by R.W. Southern and F.S. Schmitt (London: Oxford University Press, 1969).
The Latin Bible used in this study is the Vulgate: Biblia sacra iuxta vulgatem versionem, 4th edition, edited by Roger Gryson, with B. Fischer, H.I. Frede, H.F.D. Sparks and W. Thiele (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994). Psalm numbers follow the Vulgate numbering.