| Tables | ||
| 1.1 | The GCGPM board members in Lisbon | 42 |
| 1.2 | The GCGPM administration in Maranhão | 43 |
| 1.3 | Destination of profits from cotton sales in Lisbon, 1774–1778 | 49 |
| 1.4 | Social sectors indebted to the GCGPM in Maranhão, 1779 | 56 |
| 1.5 | Debts of residents of Maranhão to the GCGPM, 1767–1786 | 57 |
| 2.1 | Number of enslaved people and the total population of Maranhão, 1763–1850 | 67 |
| 2.2 | Demographic data from Ribeira do Itapecuru and estimates of the enslaved population employed in cotton cultivation in Maranhão | 68 |
| 2.3 | Merchants and planters in Maranhão in 1805 | 75 |
| 2.4 | Origin of enslaved people arriving in Maranhão, 1781–1797 | 85 |
| 2.5 | Portuguese merchants in Bissau and Cacheu, 1805 | 88 |
| 2.6 | The largest merchants in Lisbon who exported to Guinea, 1782–1806 | 90 |
| 2.7 | The consignees who sold enslaved people in Maranhão, 1781–1797 | 92 |
| 2.8 | Exports from Maranhão to Portugal, 1781–1797 | 94 |
| 2.9 | Consignees in Maranhão linked to the triangular trade, 1781–1797 | 95 |
| 3.1 | Sugar mills and their productivity in Pernambuco, 1570–1780 | 113 |
| 3.2 | Demographic data from Paraíba and estimates of the enslaved population employed in the cultivation of cotton in the Northeast | 122 |
| 3.3 | Number of enslaved people and the total population of Northeast Brazil, 1763–1850 | 126 |
| 3.4 | Cotton and sugar exports per decade from the Northeast, 1771–1830 | 129 |
| 3.5 | Cotton and sugar production and number of enslaved people employed in Paraíba, 1798–1805 | 129 |
| 4.1 | Cotton traders in Pernambuco in the early 1790s | 153 |
| 4.2 | Companies that traded between Lisbon and Pernambuco, 1784–1807 | 156 |
| 5.1 | Merchants and cotton imports into Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 168 |
| 5.2 | Year for data collection from Lisbon customs books | 169 |
| 5.3 | The economic and social composition of cotton importers in Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 171 |
| 5.4 | The cotton dispatchers, 1782–1806 | 193 |
| 5.5 | Debts of the inhabitants of Maranhão in 1794 | 199 |
| 6.1 | Export of cotton from Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 215 |
| Main cotton exporters from Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 218 | |
| 6.3 | The economic and social composition of cotton exporters in Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 223 |
| 6.4 | Nationalities of the main cotton exporters in Lisbon, 1782–1806 | 224 |
| 6.5 | Cotton exports and nationality of major exporters, 1782–1806 | 225 |
| 6.6 | The percentage of Brazilian cotton exported from Portugal by merchants’ nationalities | 226 |
| 6.7 | Vessels that sailed between Lisbon and Rouen, 1783–1792 | 247 |
| 7.1 | Cotton exports from Portugal to France, 1775–1805 | 257 |
| 7.2 | Raw cotton imports into Rouen-Le Havre, 1755–1776 | 289 |
| 7.3 | Raw cotton imports into France, 1775–1790 | 290 |
| 9.1 | Raw cotton imported by the United Kingdom and Liverpool, 1802–1812 | 340 |
| 9.2 | Top fifteen Liverpool cotton importers from Portugal, 1784–1802 | 349 |
| 9.3 | Top fifteen Liverpool cotton importers from Portugal and Brazil, 1803–1815 | 350 |
| 9.4 | British merchants in Maranhão in 1812 | 355 |
| 9.5 | British merchants in Pernambuco in 1817 | 356 |
| 9.6 | Raw cotton exports to England in relation to total exports from Brazil, 1807–1821 | 357 |
| 9.7 | Exports of cotton from Maranhão, 1812–1821 | 358 |
| Maps | ||
| 0.1 | The main cotton-growing regions in Brazil at the beginning of the nineteenth century | 4 |
| 2.1 | Cotton-growing areas in Maranhão at the beginning of the nineteenth century | 63 |
| 2.2 | The slave ports of Africa in the eighteenth century | 84 |
| 3.1 | Distribution of sugar mills in Northeastern Brazil, 1630–1774 | 118 |
| 3.2 | Cotton-growing areas in the Northeast (early nineteenth century) | 131 |
| 6.1 | Importers of Brazilian cotton in Europe, 1760s–1810s | 214 |
| 6.2 | Residence of merchants and some important places for trade in Lisbon | 220 |
| 7.1 | The Department of the Seine-Inférieure at the beginning of the nineteenth century | 283 |
| 9.1 | Main districts for the cotton industry in the beginning of the nineteenth century | 329 |
| 1.1 | Export of cotton (in arrobas) by the GCGPM and by residents of Maranhão, 1758–1777 | 46 |
| 2.1 | The Churka in India and an old cotton gin in Brazil | 73 |
| 2.2 | Prices of enslaved Africans in Maranhão, 1781–1797 | 86 |
| 3.1 | Sugar exports from Pernambuco, 1710–1807 | 115 |
| 3.2 | Gate & slave market at Pernambuco, 1824 | 125 |
| 4.1 | Cotton gin, hand wheel type, in 1799 | 142 |
| 4.2 | Machine with a set of eight gins in 1799 | 143 |
| 4.3 | Bagging and pressing machine in 1799 | 144 |
| 4.4 | Cotton transporter in Pernambuco in the 1810s | 146 |
| 5.1 | Copy of an excerpt from the Lisbon customs books | 169 |
| 8.1 | Cotton imports from Brazil and exports to Britain and elsewhere, 1767–1796 | 302 |
| 9.1 | Prices of raw cotton in Great Britain, 1782–1833 | 335 |
| 9.2 | Liverpool Cotton Imports, 1791–1820 | 345 |
| 9.3 | Cotton prices from Maranhão and Pernambuco in Brazil and Portugal, 1780–1820 | 360 |
| Flowcharts | ||
| 1.1 | Credit and indebtedness chains during the GCGPM period | 47 |
| 5.1 | Cotton and credit flows between Brazil, Portugal, and other European ports | 178 |
In: The Raw Cotton Trade: Brazil, Portugal, and Europe during the Industrial Revolution
Author:
Felipe Souza Melo
Felipe Souza Melo
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Search for other papers by Felipe Souza Melo in
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