I am sincerely grateful for the support I have received throughout this project. I would like to thank Laurent Demanze, Bruno Thibault, Christa Stevens, and Masja Horn who all contributed greatly to the direction of this work and helped to shape it into its final form. I am deeply appreciative of Jeff Barda, Victoria Bergstrom, and Geoffrey Clegg, who read early drafts of chapters in this work. At the CUNY Graduate Center, Mary Ann Caws, Peter Consenstein, and Evelyne Ender provided invaluable insight, guidance, and encouragement. I am especially thankful to the numerous poets and critics who have offered me both friendship and stimulating conversation, including Pierre Alferi, Alessandro De Francesco, Suzanne Doppelt, Jérôme Game, Christophe Hanna, Manuel Joseph, Sandra Moussempès, Emmanuelle Pireyre, and Nathalie Quintane. My parents, Michael and Lois, have been extraordinarily supportive, and I would like to thank them for their love and encouragement.
Sections of this work were published in early versions in different journals, and I am grateful to the editors for their valuable feedback on drafts and their permission to reprint here. Chapter 2 is based in part on “Olivier Cadiot’s Robinson, or a Portrait of the Artist as ‘Auto–usine,’” L’Esprit Créateur, vol. 54, no. 1, 2014, pp. 86–99. The same journal also published an early version of Chapter 3 as “Mediums of Intermedia: Spiritism and Poetic Form in Suzanne Doppelt, Sandra Moussempès and Nathalie Quintane,” L’Esprit Créateur, vol. 58, no. 3, 2018, pp. 71–85. A section of Chapter 4 was published under the title, “‘Exhibiting Poetry Today’: Collaboration and Politics in Thomas Hirschhorn and Manuel Joseph,” Revue critique de fixxion française contemporaine, no. 20, 2020, pp. 98–108.