Index
ʿAbbas Hilmy I
203
ʿAbbas I, khedive
210
ʿAbd al-Malik, Caliph
165
ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAs al-Sahmi
154–156
ʿAyn Shams, journal
223
A Challenge to Faith, by Samuel M. Zwemer
259
A History of the Monks in Egypt
180
Abbasid “Islamic Empire” Period
153, 157–158, 162, 166
Abd al-Sayyid
218–219
Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
299–300, 324
Abdel-Malek
162
Abraham the Syriac, pope
170–171
Abyssinia
190, 195
Acacian schism
133
Acacius of Constantinople
133
Achillas, Patriarch
73
Acts of Martyrs
131
Adly Mansour
300
Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt) by Manetho
7
Against Celsus, by Origen
48–49
Against Chalcedon, by Timothy II Aelurus
131
Against Julian the Apostate, by Cyril
120
Against the Heathen, by Athanasius
79–80, 83
Agnaht al-Nasur (Wings of the Eagles
)311–312
Ahmad ‘Urabi
219
Ahmed Shafiq
297
Akephaloi
134
Akhenaten, Amenhotep
23–25
Al-ʾAssal, Abu al-Mufaddal ibn
178
Alaa Mubarak
294
Al-Ahram, newspaper
280
Al-Amiriya Press (Bulaq Press)
203
Al-Azhar mosque
168–169, 174, 202, 225, 257, 259, 299
Al-Aziz
175
Al-Baghl (the Mule) Monastery
188
Al-Banna, Hasan
257
Al-Beheira, Markus of
217
Albright, William Foxwell
13
Alexander of Alexandria
72–77, 79, 81
Alexander the Great
14, 15, 226
Alexander, pope
162
Alexandria
14–15
Al-gebayah
193
Al-Hakam, Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and Spain
146
Al-Hakim Bi Amr Allah, Caliph
171–172
Al-Hayat TV
332
Al-Huda (the Guide)
312
Al-Ikhwan al-Muslman (the Muslim Brotherhood)
257–258
Al-Kiraza, journal
282
All Africa Conference of Churches
284, 313
Al-Malik al-Kamil, sultan
175
Al-Maqrizi
161
Al-Moizz, Caliph
168–169
Al-Murshid (The Guide)
259
Al-Mutawakkil
161
Al-Nasir ibn Kalaoun
188
Alodia
150
Al-Qiddisayn (Two-Saints Church)
295
Al-Saleh
176
Al-Sisi, Abdel Fattah
299–300, 324
Altar lot, altar election
165, 266, 298
Al-Watani (The National), newspaper
220, 266, 292
Amenhotep, Akhenaten
23–25
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM)
238, 255
American Christian Literary Society for Moslems (ACLSM)
258
American Coptic Association
291
American Hospital of Tanta
326
American Mission, in Egypt
215, 243, 245–247, 253–264, 302–303, 305–307, 312–315, 331
American Mission, in Sudan
253–254
American Presbyterians
238–239, 242
American University in Cairo (AUC)
253, 259, 304, 308
Amulets
25
An Advisory Study, COEMAR
312
Andronicus
139
Anderson, William B.
262
Andrea Zaki
296, 330–331
Andrew of Samosata
106, 119
Anglican Church
207, 220, 247
Anomianism
87
anomoios
87
Anti-Semitism
313
Antonious Azia, bishop
296
Antony
52, 54–58, 60–61, 65, 66, 87
Apollinaris
142
Apollinaris, Apollinarian theology, or Apollinarianism
95–96, 110–111, 113, 117–119
Apollos
34–35
Aposchistai
134
Apostasy
290
Apparitions of the Virgin Mary at Zeitoun
276–278
Arab Invasion, or conquest
127, 144–147
Arab League
290
Arab Spring
265, 295, 300–301, 331
Arabic language
163, 166
Arab-Israeli War, 1948–49
233–234
Arcadius, emperor
96, 100
Archons
197–199, 205
Arian
86–87, 89
Arianism
55–56, 67–68, 77
Arians
74, 81, 84
Arius
50, 57, 72–76, 78–81, 92, 94, 106
Thalia
75, 85
Armanios, Febe
193
Armenian Orthodox Church
125
Around the World in Eighty Days, Jules Verne
217
Arsenius, bishop
82
Ascott, Terence
332
Askewianus, Codex
40
Assen Abdel Maged
298
Assiut College
235, 245, 308
Assmann, Jan
24
Associate Presbyterian Church
239
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARC)
239, 241
Assyrian Churches
126
Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal
257
Atef Gendy
321
Athanasius of Alexandria
2, 40, 54–55, 65,68, 69, 72, 74–76, 78–94, 139, 131, 149, 229, 281–282
Against the Heathen
79–80, 83
Circular to the Bishops of Egypt and Libya
87
Defense Against the Arians
85
Defense before Constantius
86–87
Defense of Dionysius
86
Defense of the Nicene Definition
86
First Discourse Against the Arians
90
Four Orations Against the Arians
85
History of the Arians
87
Letter to Draconitus
86
Letter to Marcellinus on the Interpretation of the Psalms
90
Letter to Serapion on the Holy Spirit
88
Life of Antony
32, 54–57, 62–63, 65–66, 87
On the Incarnation
55, 79–81, 83, 91, 94
To the Africans
90
Athanasius of Antioch
139
Athanasius, Melkite patriarch
188
Atiya, Aziz S.
143, 286
Axum
148, 149
Ayrout, Henry Habib, The Egyptian Peasant
235
Ayyubid Period
153, 161, 174–179, 183–184
Aziz, Victoria Fahim
319
Aziz, Atiya
143, 286
Baazar of Heracleides, by Nestorian
106–107, 120
Babriyya faction of Mamluks
184
Baha de-Din
175
Bahri period
185
Bailey, Ethel “Mickey”
309
Bailey, Ewing M.
305, 315
Bailey, Kenneth
29, 308–309, 313–314, 322
Bakhoum, Michel
272
Banat Margan
288
Banna, Hasan al-
257
Baramus Monastery
266–267
Baring, Evelyn, Lord Cromer
222, 251
Barnes, Timothy
80, 87, 93
Barnett, James
241
Baron, Beth
261
Barquq
185, 190
Barsumas
122
Bartholomew, Catholic monk
197
Bashmurite Revolt
161
Basilides
36, 39
Basilouis, Abuna
268
Battle Aboukir Bay
202
Battle of Ascalon
173
Battle of el-Alamein
230–231
Battle of the Nile
202
Bauer, Walter
34, 36
Baybars
184, 185
Begin, Menachem
290
Behr, John
49, 79, 80, 92, 93
Beit al-Salaam
306–307
Beks or beys
192
Benjamin, patriarch
139, 141, 143, 146–147, 156
Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer
223
Beys or beks
192
Bishopric of Public, Ecumenical and Social Services (BESS)
270
Black Death
186
Black, Donald
305
Blue-bone effect
172
Board of Foreign Missions of the UPCNA
262
Bodmer Papyrus
37
Bolutros Ghali
224, 225
Bonaventure, Life of St. Francis
175–176
Book of James
38
Book of the Dead
21, 30
Boutros Ghali
218, 224–225
British invasion of Egypt
219
British rule in Egypt
250–251
Brown, Peter
160–161
Brucianus, Codex
40
Buck, Pearl S.
264
Bulaq Press (al-Amiriya Press)
204, 212
Burji period
185
Butcher, Edith
206
Butler, Alfred
142–143, 145–147
Caesareum
101, 103, 168
Caesaropapism
133
Cairo Caliphate Conference (1926)
257
Cairo Study Center
259
Cairo University
267, 233
Cairo, founding
168–169
Caisse de la Dette Public (Public Debt Commission)
217
Caliphate
257
Camp David Accords
290
Candidianus, Count
113, 115–116
Canon 4, Council of Nicaea
77
Canon 5, Council of Nicaea
100
Canon 6, Council of Nicaea
77, 101
Cantors (muʿallim)
221
Capitulations
194, 196, 211, 262
Capuchins
196
Carey, William
255
Carpocrates
36, 38
Carter, Jimmy
290
Catate Domino
194–195
Catechetical School of Alexandria
32, 40–45, 51–52, 129, 220–221, 278
Cathedral of Nativity
300
Cathedral of St. Mark
271
Cathedral of the Holy Virgin Mary and St. Simon the Tanner
171
Catholic Church
247, 271, 313
Cave Church
171
Celestine, Pope
114–115
Center for Middle Eastern Christianity
320
CEOSS
308–311, 316, 328
Cerinthus
36, 38
Chalcedon Definition
1, 64, 95, 119, 127–129, 131, 133, 135–137, 139, 141–143, 194, 282–283
Chamber of Deputies
219
Champollion, Jean-François
16–17
Cheirotonia
163
Chester Beaty Papyrus
37
Chosroes
138
Christian Missionary Society (CMS)
255
Christodolus II, Coptic pope
157, 167–166, 169
christogram
70
Christological letter
136
Church in the Square, Kasr al-Dobara Evangelical Church
329
Church Missionary Society (CMS)
206–207
Church of the Martyrs
69, 71
Church of the Virgin Mary
278
Churches and Monasteries of Egypt
179
Circular to the Bishops of Egypt and Libya, by Athanasius
87
citizen (wuwatin)
211
Civil rights
331
Civil service, Copts in
157, 159, 165, 169, 185, 187–188, 213
Clement of Alexandria
32–33, 38, 41–42, 45
Cleopatra VI
15
Clinic in Assiut, later an Evangelical hospital
306–307
CMS, Church Missionary Society
206–207
COEMAR
303, 312–313
Commission of Science and Art, French
201
Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations, COEMAR
303, 312–313
Committee for the Work in Sudan
254
communicatio idiomatum
105, 111–112, 122–123
Conciliabulum
116
Confession of the True Faith, issued by Justinian
136
Congregational Church, mission
241–242
Consecrated Virgins, Coptic Church
288–289
Constans
83, 85–86
Constantine Moussa
277
Constantine
69, 70, 75–78, 82–83
Constantine II
83
Constantius Chlorus
68–69
Constantius II
83–89
Convent of St. Dimyanah
286
Coptic (language)
10, 40, 54, 66
Coptic Benevolent Society
220, 250
Coptic Catholic Church
206
Coptic Church and Modernity
287–289
Coptic church architecture
164
Coptic Clergy, modern
288
Coptic Congress
224–225
Coptic converts to Christianity
253
Coptic diaspora
2, 286–287, 291, 301
Coptic disabilities
186, 188, 193
Coptic emigrates
286
Coptic Evangelical Church in the Nile Valley
305, 318
Coptic Evangelical Organization for Social Services, CEOSS
308–311, 316, 328
Coptic language
223
Coptic literature
166
Coptic Museum
223–224
Coptic Orthodox Church
125, 127, 131, 138, 150, 183, 244, 265, 271, 284, 315
Coptic Orthodox Liturgy of St. Basil, by Ragheb Moftah, Marget Toth, and Martha Roy
317
Coptic Orthodox Waqf Organization
269
Coptic Patriarchal College (Great Coptic School)
212
Coptic persecution, 14th century
186–189
Coptic Press
212–213
Coptic renaissance, 13th and 14th centuries
167, 178–179, 198
Coptic revolts
161
Coptic Sunday Schools
226
Coptic Theological College
185, 220, 223, 273, 278, 282–283, 298
Coptic worship
163
Coptic Youth Movement
296
Copts as civil servants
157, 159, 165, 169, 185, 187, 188, 213
Copts under Mahamud ʿAli
205–208
Copts under the British regime
220–226
Copt, etymology
130
Cornerstones, journal
319
Cosman, Peter H.
165
Council of Arles (353)
86
Council of Chalcedon (451)
1, 64, 95, 119, 127, 128–129, 131, 133, 135–137, 139, 141, 142–143, 194, 282–283
Council of Constantinople (381)
68, 78, 88, 93–95, 106, 108, 115
Council of Constantinople II (533)
49, 125, 136
Council of Ephesus (431)
95, 113–117, 121–123, 125
Council of Ephesus (449)
122–123, 131
Council of Florence
194
Council of Mission, Evangelical Church
307
Council of Nicaea (325)
76–81
Council of Protestant Churches of Egypt
330
Council of Sirmium
87
Council of Tyre, or Synod of Tyre
82–83
Councils of Arminum and Seleucia
88–89
Cragg, Kenneth, The Call of the Minaret
306
Crimean War
211, 241
Cromer, Lord, Evelyn Baring
222, 251
Crusades
166, 173, 175–177, 184–186
Cult of the saints
107
Cyprin
70–71
Cyril of Alexandria
2, 95–125, 131, 134, 281–283
Letter to the Monks
108–109
Second Letter to Nestorius
109, 123–124
Five Tomes Against Nestorius
109
Third Letter to Nestorius
109, 124
Twelve Chapters
109–110
Cyril, Third Letter to Nestorius
125
Cyrus al-Mukawkas
140–146
Dated Creed
88
David, Rosalie
21, 25, 29
David, Stephen J.
179–180
Davis, Stephen
104, 140–141, 281
De Luques, Marc
197
De Menou, Jacques-François
202
Decius, Emperor
47–48, 53
Decolonialization
232
Defense Against the Arians, by Athanasius
85
Defense before Constantius, by Athanasius
86–87
Defense of Dionysius, by Athanasius
86
Defense of the Nicene Definition, by Athanasius
86
Dehérain, H.
192
Deification
281
DeJong, Arthur
316
Demetrius II, Coptic pope
214–215, 246, 247, 248
Demetrius, Bishop
36, 42–44, 46–47, 50–51
Demotic
10
Deposition of Arius
74
Dhimmi
158–159, 205, 211, 291
Dhull (Debasement) Regulations
159–160, 172
Didymus Institute
221
Didymus the Blind
221
Dimyanah
54–55, 65
Dimyanah, Convent of St.
62, 54, 55, 62, 65, 286
Dina el-Khawaga
289
Diocletian
62, 68–69, 105
Diodore of Tarsus
95, 108, 110
Dionysius
51, 52, 121–123, 128, 131–134
Disabilities
186, 188, 193
Domnus of Antioch
122
Dongola
150
Dowling, Theodore
250
Dual Control regime
217, 219
Dyophysite
124, 129, 131, 133, 139
Ecthesis Edict
142–143
Eden, Anthony
234
Edesius
148–149
Edict of Thessalonica
94, 96
Egypt General Mission
305
Egyptian Association of the Missionaries of the UPNCA
243
Egyptian Board of Administration
312
Egyptian Evangelical Church
246
Egyptian Peasant, The, by Henry Habib Ayrout
235
Egyptian Revolution (1919)
225
Egyptian Revolution (2011)
295
Egyptology
201
Eirenicon
142
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
230
Elder, Earl E.
253, 256, 315
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
223
Emergency Law No. 162
294
Emigration of Copts
236
Emmel, Stephen
130
Ephrim the Syrian
282
Epiphanius of Salamis
49, 67, 73, 93
Episcopal Church in the United States of America
318
Episcopate, Egypt
50
Epistle of Barnabas
38
Epistle of the Apostles
38
Epistle to the Hebrews
38
Ericsson, Maria
260
Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
125–126
Esler, Philip E.
149
Ethiopia
147, 268
Ethiopian eunuch
148–149
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
125, 149, 229
ETSC
245, 308, 316–317, 319–324
Eudoxia, empress
100
Eugenius IV, Roman pope
194, 195
Eulogius
119
European Renaissance
186
Eusebius of Caesarea
33–34, 35, 41–47, 51, 69, 75–76, 92
Proof of the Gospel
180
Eusebius of Nicomedia
75–76, 78, 81–84
Eutyches
121–122, 133
Evangelical Church Hospitals
325–326
Evangelical Church Schools
326–327
Evangelical Church, or formally Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Egypt
2–3, 242, 262–264, 302–303, 306–310, 312–314, 318
Evangelical Church, New Church Development in Egypt
324–325
Evangelical Church, post-missionary era
315–317
Evangelical Church, Rabita (Women’s Union)
319
Evangelical Medical Center
316
Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Egypt, or Evangelical Church
2–3, 242, 262–264, 302–303, 306–310, 312–314, 318
Evangelical Theological Seminary in Cairo (ETSC)
245, 308, 316–317, 319, 320–324
Evangelism and Imperialism in the Arab World, by Mustafa Khalidi and ʿUmar Farruk
303
Evelyn Baring, Lord Cromer
222, 251
Exodus
12–13, 27
Explanation of the Creed, The, Sawirus
167
Expropriated American Mission property compensated by government
315–316
Fanous, Daniel, A Silent Patriarch
266, 267–268, 274
Farouk, king
233
Fatima Period
153, 168–174
Fatma Esmet al-Din Umm Khalil, Shagaret al-Dur
177, 184
Fayek M. Ishak
286
Fayez Fares
313
Fayum Portraits
27
Fellaheen
192, 203, 235, 245
Finney, Davida
308–309, 310
First Discourse Against the Arians, by Athanasius
90
First Intermediate Period
11
First Letter of Cyril to Succensus
119–120, 124
Five Tomes Against Nestorius, Cyril
109
Flavin of Constantinople
122
Formula of Reunion (433)
123
Four Orations Against the Arians, by Athanasius
85
Francis of Assisi
175
Franciscans
196
Frank
196
Fraternal workers
303
Free Officers’ Coup
232–235, 303
Free Officers
232–235, 289
Freedom and Justice Party
297
French invasion and occupation of Egypt
200–203
French
183–184
Frend, W.H.C.
136
Frumentius
148–149, 229
Fuad I
226, 233
Fuad II
233
Furtherance of Christianity in Egypt
220
Gabra, Gawdal
179
Gabriel V, patriarch
166
Gabriel VII, Coptic pope
195, 197
Gaianus
136
Gairdner, William Henry Temple
255, 258–259
Galerius
68–69
Galileo
199
Gamal Mubarak
294
Gearhart, Dan
308
Gendy, Atef
321
General bishops, established by Pope Kryillos VI
273
General Evangelistic Committee
254
George the Cappadocian
86, 89
George, patriarch
139, 140
Gersick, Eleanor
309
Ghali, Boutros
218
Giffen, J. Kelly
254
Girgis, Habib
27, 226–229, 236, 272
Gnosticism
36–40, 42
Gonzàlez, Justo and Catherine
67
Gospel of John
37
Gospel of Matthew
37
Gospel of Philip
40
Gospel of the Egyptians
38
Gospel of the Hebrews
38
Gospel of Thomas
37, 40
Gospel of Truth
40
Great Annihilation
186
Great Awakening
238
Great Coptic School (Coptic Patriarchal College)
211, 227
Great Depression
256, 263
Great Persecution (303–311)
69
Greco-Roman Period
14
Greek Melkite Church
172
Gregorian calendar
195
Gregorius, bishop
278
Gregorius, general bishop
273
Gregory of Nazianzen
93
Gregory XIII, Roman Pope
195
Gregory, Bishop of Alexandria
84–85
Grey, Zane
316
Gulhane Hatt-I Sherif
211
Habib Girgis
226–229, 236, 272, 274
Habib, Samuel
313, 316, 328
Haile Selassie
230, 268, 272
Hakam, Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and Spain
146
Hamilton, Alastair
10, 194, 206
Hanging Church, St. Mary’s Church
157, 170, 224
Hani Hanna
281–282
Hanna, Hani
281–282
Harat al-Run
210
Harnack, Adolf von
65, 93
Hasan, Turkiyya
259–261
Hatt-i Humayun
211, 272
Heijer, Jiden
167
Hennein, Swailem Sidhom
307–308, 323
Henoticon
132–134, 136
Heraclas
50–52
Heraclius
138, 139, 140–141, 145–146
Herodotus
9, 17, 20
Hexapla, by Origen
48
Heyling, Peter
206
Hieroglyphics
10
High Institute of Coptic Studies (later, Institute of Coptic Studies)
275
Higher Institute for Coptic Studies
279
Hilary of Poitiers
93
Hippolytus of Rome, Commentary on Matthew
179
Hippolytus
38, 179
History of the Arians, by Athanasius
87
History of the Patriarchs
47, 51, 131, 138–141, 143, 145, 147, 155–156, 158, 161, 163, 167, 170, 173, 188, 192, 197
Hizb al-Watani (the National Party)
224
Hocking Report
264
Hocking, William Ernest, Layman’s Report on Foreign Mission
264
Hoffmeier, James K.
13
Hogg, John
243–244, 247–248
Holy Family
28, 34, 38, 277, 278
Holy Family, journey in Egypt
179–182
homoiousios
72, 84, 87–88, 91
homoousios
72, 75–76, 78, 80, 84, 91
Homosexual issue
318–319
Hosius of Cordova
11, 21–22, 27, 31, 75–76, 85–86
Hosni Mubarak
293–294
Human rights
331
Hyksos
11–12, 23
Hypatia
101, 103–104, 168
hypostasis
112, 119, 123, 133, 136
Ibas of Edessa
122, 125–126, 136
Ibin ʿAbd al-Hakam
146
Ibis
244, 262–263, 309, 320
Ibrahim, Vivian
231
Iconoclast
213–314
Iconography, modern
274–276
Iconostases
164
Icons
164–165, 214, 248–249
Infancy Gospels
34
Innemée, Karel C.
64, 272
Inquiry about the Monks in Egypt, translated by Rufinus of Aquileia
61–62
Institute of Coptic Studies
275
Inundation of the Nile (or Nile flooding or annual inundation)
9–10, 18, 27
Iqladiyus Labib
223
Iqta
187
Irenaeus
36, 38
Irine, mother
274
Isaac Fanous Youssif
275
Isaac of Nineveh
282
Isaac, pope
157
Isaiah 19:19
156, 180
Isaiah 19:1
180
Ischyras
82
Isidore
99
ISIL or ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant)
300
Isis and Osiris, by Plutarch
22
Isis
21–22, 26–27, 30, 31, 104–105
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS)
300
Island of Creation
18, 20, 23
Isma’il, khedive
215–217, 219, 246, 249
Israel
271, 290
Istanbul
190
Jeme, town in Upper Egypt
63
Jenkin, Philip
1
Jerome
52, 55, 58, 88
Life of Paul
61, 63
Jesuits
196
Jews
15–16, 35–38, 102, 159, 186, 271, 313,
jizya
150, 159–161, 193, 210, 291
John Chrysostom
99, 100
John II, patriarch
188
John of Antioch
106, 114–116, 118
John of Nikia
104, 138, 145–147
John Talaia
133
John the Deacon
158
John XI, Coptic pope
195
John XIV, Coptic pope
195
John XV, Coptic pope
198
John XVII, Coptic pope
197
John XVIII, Coptic pope
209
Jones, A.H.M.
140
Joseph, biblical figure
7, 11
Josephus
11, 15
Jovian
90
Julian of Halicarnassus
134, 136–137
Julian the Apostate
89–90, 150
Julius, Pope
84–85
Justin II
136
Justin
134–135
Justinian
134–136, 141, 150
Kalder, Samuel
279
Kamil, Jill
130
Kandake
149
Karnak
11, 12, 13, 23
Kasr al-Dobara Evangelical Church
328–329
Kepler
199
Killis, Gregory
105
Kimil, Mustafa
224
Knesset
293
Koshadan, sultan
190
Kush (Cush)
149
Kushite Kingdom of Meroe
149
Kyriakos, Nubian king
162
Kyrillo Lucar, Melkite patriarch
195
Kyrillos II, Coptic pope
166–167, 265
Kyrillos IV, Coptic pope
207, 210, 212–214, 221, 223, 226
Kyrillos V, Coptic pope
217–219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 226, 229
Kyrillos VI, Coptic pope
235, 237, 277, 278, 280, 282–283, 291, 313
La Description de l’Egypt
201
Labib Mishriky
319
Labib, Iqladiyus
223
Laity, Coptic Church and Modernity
287–289
Lamp of the Intellect, The, Sawirus
167
Lancing, Julian
244
Land reform under Nasser
235
lapsed
52, 70–72, 77
Late Period
14
Latourette, Kenneth Scott
239, 256
Laubach, Frank
309
Lausiac History, by Palliadius
62
Law 38
304–305
Law 40
261, 304–305
Law 160
305
Law 583
304–305
Lawence, Caroline
326
Layman’s Report on Foreign Mission, edited by William Ernest Hocking
264
Leeder, Simon
222
Leo XIII, Roman pope
206
Leo, Pope, 5th century
112, 122–124
Leo’s Tome
122–124, 128, 131
Letter to Dracontius, by Athanasius
86
Letter to Marcellinus on the Interpretation of the Psalms, by Athanasius
90
Letter to Serapion on the Holy Spirit, by Athanasius
88
Letter to the Monks, by Cyril
108–109
Lewis, Bernard
190
Liberty, religious
331
Library of Alexandria
15, 48–49, 98, 103, 155
Lieder, John
207, 212
Life of Antony, by Athanasius
54–57, 62–63, 65–66, 87
Life of Paul of Thebes, by Jerome
52, 61, 63
Life of St. Francis, by Bonaventure
175–176
Lippman, Thomas
293
Literary Program, antecedent of CEOSS
308
Lit-Lit
309
Little, Donald P.
189
Long Brothers
99–100
Longinus
150
Lord Cromer, Evelyn Baring
221
Lorimer, Jack
253, 309–311, 316
Lost History of Christianity, The, by Philip Jenkin
1
Louis IX of France, Saint Louis
176, 184–185
Lucian of Antioch
73
Lukasik, Candace
287, 300
Luther, Martin
49
Lyster, William
181
Ma’at (order)
18, 23
Macarius III, Coptic pope
231
Macarius the Great
53–54, 60–62, 282
Majlis al-Kanisa
285
Majlis al-Milli
199, 217–219, 221–223, 227–229, 231, 249, 266, 269, 284–285
Makari
131
Makran Ebeid Pasha
236
Makuria
150
Malankara Orthodox Church of India
125
Maltaciminns (overseers)
192
Mamluk
150, 153, 174, 176, 177, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190–191, 192, 201, 202, 207
Manetho
7, 11
Mansour, Adly
300
Marcos, Ramy Nair
248
Marcus Simaika
222, 223–224
Marcus VIII, Coptic pope
213
Mariz Tadros
295
Mark V, Coptic pope
195, 198
Mark VIII, Coptic pope
202
Mark, or John-Mark
32–33, 34, 36
Markus al-Beheira
217
Martin, Maurice
163
Mary, churches dedicated to
181–182
Mary, Mother of God, or Virgin Mary, or Virgin Mother Mary
104, 106, 107, 113, 118, 170, 181
Maspero protests
296–297
mastabas
19
Matta al-Miskin
228, 268, 274, 278–282, 292, 294,
Matthew, patriarch
188–189
Mawhkub ibn Mansur ibn Muffarrij
167
Mawhub ibn Mansur
145, 147
Maxentius
68, 69
Maximinus Daza
55, 58
McCague, Henrietta
241
McCague, Thomas
241, 244
McGill, Willis
315
McGuckin, John A.
44, 45, 46, 50, 102, 106, 121, 123, 124, 126
Meinardus, Otto F.A.
137, 214, 228, 271, 286
Melitians
56, 74, 77–78, 81–84
Melkite
127, 129–130, 132, 135, 137, 139, 142, 146–147, 155, 167, 188
Menas, brother of Pope Benjamin
143
Menas I, Coptic pope
162
Menelik I
148
Menes Abd al-Nur
313
Meroe
149
Message of Light (Risalt al-Nur), journal
309, 310
Metetius of Lycopolis
71, 72, 77, 82
Meyendroff, John
150
Miaphysite
125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 150, 193
Michael, patriarch
162, 173
Middle East Council of Churches
284, 313
Middle Kingdom
7, 11, 21, 29
Mikhail, Maged S.A.
146, 147, 160, 166
Milik Kamel Girgis
237
Millet
193, 247, 248, 249
Mina
266, 267, 268
Miracle of al-Muqattum mountain
170–171
Mishriky, Labib
319
Misr, newspaper
220
Mission as religious imperialism or colonialism
303–304, 314
Mission Executive Committee
312
Mission hospitals
306–307
Missionary incidents
258–261, 263, 264
Moawad, Samuel
166
Moftah, Ragheb
221, 317
Mohamed Heikal
235
Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
296
Monasteries, Islamic period
163–164
Monasteries, under Shenouda III
285–286
Monastery of Saint Macarius
138
Monastery of St. Macarius
61, 156, 197–198, 274, 278
Monastery of St. Menas
267, 268, 273, 274
Monastery of St. Samuel the Confessor
267
Monastery of the Archangel Michael, White Monastery
166
Monastery of the Holy Virgin of al-Muharraq
180, 181
Monastic revival, 1960s
269
Monastic Theological College, Helwan
266
Monasticism
2, 44, 52–66
Mongol
185, 186, 187, 190
Monoenergism
139–140, 142
Monophysite
121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 139, 141, 142, 143, 284
Montgomery, Law Bernard
230, 231
Moravian Brethren
206
Morcos, bishop
296
Morgan, Robert
140, 169, 172, 188, 193–194, 295
Morsi, Muhammad
331
Mubarak, Hosni
295, 296, 324, 329
Muhammad ʿAli
183, 184, 202, 203–204, 205, 210, 233
Muhammad Morsi
297–299
Muhammad Tawfiq
219
Muhammad
144
Mukawkas
140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146
Mumification (or mummified bodies or mummify)
19, 27
Musa, Salama
214–215, 216
Musalima
187
Muskingum College
316–317
Muslim Brotherhood
230, 257–258, 260, 290, 294, 297, 298, 299, 300, 315, 331
Muslim Conquest of 639–41
1
Muslim converts to Christianity
251–252
Muslim Idea of Prayer, Samuel Zwemer
259
Muslim World
250
Mustafa Khalidi and ‘Umar Farruk, Evangelism and Imperialism in the Arab World
303
Mustafa Kimil
224
Nag Hammadi Library or papyri
40, 53, 224
Naguib, Muhammad
236, 233, 234
Nahda
218–219, 231, 249, 250, 315
Napoleon
200, 201, 202, 267
Napoleonic Wars
200
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
231, 233, 234–236, 237, 266, 268, 269, 270, 272, 278, 280, 286, 290, 291, 294, 305, 310, 312, 315
Nationalism in Egypt
232, 257
Near East School of Theology
314
Neksa (setback)
271
Nestorius of Constantinople
95–125, 133
New Church Development in Egypt, Evangelical Church
324–325
New Kingdom
7, 12, 13, 21, 23, 25–26, 149
Newton
199
Nicene Creed (325)
55, 67, 68, 73, 75–80, 84, 88, 90, 92, 94–95, 108, 167, 333–334
Nicholas V, roman pope
195
Nile Mission Press
258
Nobatia
150
Nostra Aetate
313
Novatian Churches
102
Novatian
71, 102
Nubia
14, 136, 147, 149–150, 155, 185
Nuns
269, 289
October War
290, 293
Old Kingdom
7, 10–11, 18–19, 20, 21, 29, 131
Omar ibn el-Khattab, Caliph
155
Omar Suleiman, vice president
296
Omnonius
103
On First Principles, by Origen
46–50, 74
On the Incarnation, by Athanasius
55, 79–81, 83, 91, 94
Ordination of women
318
Orestes
102–103, 104
Oriental Orthodox Churches
125–126
Origen
32, 41, 42–50, 51, 52, 57, 65, 73, 74, 96, 98
Origen, On First Principles
46–50, 74
Origenism
99
Origenists
99
Orphan Scandal
259–261
Orphanages, mission
260
Orphans
259–261
Orthodox Prayer Life, by Matta al-Miskin
279
Osiris
21–23, 26–27, 29–31
Osman I
190
Osman, Tarek
22–223, 235
Ottoman caliphate
257
Ottoman Empire
153, 183, 190–194, 210–211, 215, 219, 225, 256, 261
Our Lady of Light
278
Our Lady of Zeitoun
277
Oxyrhynchus Papyrus
37
Ozymandias
9, 12
Pachomius
53, 54, 58–63, 87, 131
Pact of Umar
159
Palliadius, Lausiac History
62
Panarion, Epiphanius
68, 73
Pantaenus
41
Papal election process
165
Paris Peace Conference
225
Parliament
271, 291–292
Partitive exegesis
85, 91–92
Partnership, mission philosophy
303, 312
Pasha
192
Pasha, Makran Ebeid
236
Pastoral Outreach Ministries Council (POMC)
324, 325
Patriarchal Center, Abbassia, Cairo
220
Patriarchal library
210, 227
Patrick, Theodore Hall
15, 163, 168, 187
Paul of Emesa
118, 121
Paul of Samosta
107
Paul of Thebes, by Jerome
52, 55, 57
Paul Tabennesiota
137
Paul, apostle
1
Paulding, J.G.
241
PCUSA, ordination of homosexuals
318
PCUSA, same-sex couple marriages
318–319
Pearson, Biger A.
36
People of the Book
159, 186
Persecution of Copts, 14th century
186–189
persecution of Protestants by Copts
246–249
Persia or Persians
14, 138–139, 141, 144
Personal status laws or matters
249, 269, 270
Peter III Mongus (the Stammerer)
132, 133
Peter of Alexandria
71, 72
Peter VII, Coptic pope
210
Peter, apostle
34–35, 36
Phantasiast theology
137
Phantasiasts
134
Philo of Alexandria
15, 35, 52
Philostorgius
76, 93
Pillar of Pompey
98
Pius VI, Roman pope
197
Pius IX, Roman pope
205
Pliny the Elder
150
Pluralism, religious
256
Plutarch
22, 26
Pochomian monks
40
Pogroms
187–188
Pompey’s Pillar
98, 175
Pope, first use of term for Bishop of Alexandrian
52
Porphyry
45
Portuguese
190, 195
Preaching of Peter
38
Presbyterian Church USA (PCUSA)
239, 240, 302, 303
Presbyterian mission, see too American Mission
216
Presbyterian missionaries
244
Presbyterian schools in Egypt
253
Presbyterians, Americans
238, 239, 242
Pre-Seminary Program
308
Pressly Memorial Institute
313
Proof of the Gospel, Eusebius of Caesarea
180
Propaganda Fide
195–196
Prospon
111, 112, 123, 133
Proterius
128, 132
Protestant Church Council
311
Protestant millet
249
Protestant Reformation
195
Public Debt Commission (Caisse de la Dette Public)
217
Pulcheria, Augusta Aclia
104, 106–107, 113, 123
pyramids
11–12, 20–21, 175, 275, 280
Rabita (Women’s Union), Evangelical Church
319
Radio, Christian
332
Ragheb Moftah
221, 317
Ramesses II
7, 12–13
Rawk
187
Release of the Spirit, Shenouda III
283
René, Monica
213–214, 275
Re-thinking Mission, by William Ernest Hocking
264
Revolution in Egypt
294–297
Roberts, Colin H.
36
Robinson, Gene
318
Rosetta Stone
16
Roy, Martha
316–317
Rubenson, Samuel
167, 282
Rufinus of Aquileia
49, 61, 79, 93, 97, 148–149
Rule of Benedict
66
Rural Church Service Team
310
Russian Orthodox Church
205
Saʿd Zaghlul
225–226
Saʿid, khedive
210, 214–215
Saad Michael Saad
286
Sabellianism
52, 73
Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
195
Sadat, Anwar
234, 315, 316
Sahidic dialect of Coptic
54, 66, 130
Saint George
31
Saint Louis, Louis IX of France
176
Saint Mark and Pope Peter’s Church
295
Saladin, Salah al-Din
174–179, 184
Salah al-Din, Saladin
174–179, 184
Salib Suryal
280
Samuel Habib
308–313, 328
Samuel, bishop
268, 271, 293, 317
Samuel, general bishop
273
Samujel Habib, Church in a Developing Society
310
SAT-7
332
Sawiras ibn al-Muquffa
167, 169–170
Sayings of the Desert Fathers
56–57, 61–62, 131
School of Oriental Studies (SOS)
259
Schwartz, Eduard
93
Scientific advances of the West, early modern
199–200
Scottish missions
241–242
Second Council of Ephesus (431)
122–123
Second Epistle of Clement
38
Second Intermediate Period
11
Second Letter of Cyril to Succensus
119
Second Letter to Nestorius, by Cyril
109, 123–124
Second Vatican Council
271, 313
Segius, archpriest (hegumen)
225
Seikaly, Samir
214, 249
Selassie, Haile
230, 268, 272
Self-determination
225
Selim I, sultan
190, 191
Seminary for monks, Helwan
229
Septuagint
16
Serapeum
97, 98, 175
Serapis
26, 96, 97, 98
Sergius of Constantinople
139, 142
Seth
21–22, 31
Severus of Antioch
134, 136, 137
Severus, ceasar
69
Shagaret al-Dur, Fatna Esmet al-Din Umm Khalil
177, 184
Sharʿia law
229, 230, 251–252, 290, 292
Sharidan, Mark
66
Sharkey, Heather
249, 250, 251, 252, 259
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
9, 12
Shelley, Michael
321
Shenouda I, pope
163, 164
Shenouda III, Coptic pope
228, 265, 268, 281, 282, 283, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 298, 315, 317, 318
Shenouda, as general bishop
273
Shenouda’s conflict with Anwar Sadat
289–293
Shenoute of Atripe
62, 114, 130
Shepherd of Hermas
37
Sicard, C.
197
Simaika, Marcus
222–224
Simon the Tanner
170, 171
Simony
163, 237
Sisi, Abdel Fattah al-
299–300, 324
Six-Day War
235, 271, 277, 294, 313–314
Social Gospel
256
Social media
332
Society for Combating Christianization (or Society for the Defense of Islam)
260
Society for the Defense of Islam (or Society for Combating Christianization)
260
Socrates Scholasticus
68, 73, 89, 92, 102, 103, 129
Sophronius
141–142
Soviet Union
289–290
Sozomen
76, 93, 129
St. Dimyanah’s Monastery
54, 62–63, 286
St. Mark’s Cathedral
202, 213, 220, 272, 277, 293, 298
St. Mark’s Cathedral, Alexandria
300
St. Mark’s relics
277
St. Mary’s Coptic Orthodox Church of Zeitoun
275
St. Peter and St. Paul’s Chapel
300
St. Samuel the Confessor Monastery
279
Student Volunteer Moment for Foreign Missions
238
Sublime porte
192
Sudan (Nubia)
147, 149–150
Sudan mission
253–254
Sudan Presbytery
254, 307
Sudan
307
Suez Canal
210, 216, 220, 234, 241, 305, 303, 318
Suez Crisis (1956)
234–235, 236
Sulieman the Magnificent
191, 192
Sunday School Movement
221, 226, 228, 266, 267, 273, 274, 283, 315
Suprema Petri Apostoli Sede (Supreme See of Peter the Apostle)
205–206
Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF)
296
Suriel, Bishop
227, 228
Swailem Sidhom Hennein
307–308, 323
Swanson, Mark
156, 158, 181, 188
Swedish Salaam Mission
259
Symbolum Ephesinum
118
Symeon Stylites
117
Synaxaria
64
Synod of Antioch (325)
75
Synod of the Nile
242, 243, 262, 303
Synod of the Oak
100
Synod of Tyre, or Council of Tyre
82–83
Synod Schools
316
Syriac Orthodox Church
125
Syrian Monastery
279, 280, 283
Tahrir Square demonstrations, January and February 2011
296
Tamarod movement
298
Tamerlane (Timur the Lame)
190
Tanta American Hospital
234, 306–307, 316, 326
Tanzimât
211
Tarek Osman
222–223, 235
Tattooed cross on the wrist
156
Tawadros, Coptic pope
298, 299, 300, 301
Tawhar al-Siqillito
168–169
Technological advances of the West, early modern
199–200
Television, Christian
332
Tertullian
39
Thalia, by Arius
75, 85
Tharwat Wahba
324, 325
The Formula of Reunion
118, 119, 129, 121, 122
Thedoret
93
Theodoius II
115, 116, 117, 129, 122
Theodora
135, 136, 150
Theodore of Mopsuestia
106, 120, 125, 136
Theodoret of Cyrus
106, 115, 117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 136
Theodosian Code
97
Theodosius I
94, 96, 97
Theodosius II
96, 97, 104, 106, 108, 113, 123
Theodosius, patriarch
136, 137
Theological School, Coptic seminary
218, 226, 227, 228
Theophilus
95, 96–100, 101, 102 103, 104, 105
Vision of Theophilus
181
Theosis
281
Theotokos
104, 107, 108, 113
Therapeutae
52
Third Intermediate Period
13–14
Third Letter to Nestorius, Cyril
109, 124, 125
Thompson, Anna Young
255
Three Chapters
136
Timmothy II Aelarus
128, 131
Timothy III
134
Timothy Salofaciolus (Wobble Hat)
131, 132, 133, 134
Timothy the Cat, or Timothy II Aelarus
131
Timur the Lame (Tamerlane)
190
To the Africans, by Athanasius
90
Tome of Leo
128, 131
Toth, Marget
317
Translation, Coptic to Arabic
166–167, 169–170
Treaty of London
203
Tripartite Powers (Britain, France, and Israel)
234–235
Tritheism
137
Tropici
88
Trump, Donald
287, 300
Tumen bey II
191
Tunisian Revolution
295
Turan Shah
176
Turkish language
183, 184
Turkiyya Hasan
259–261
Tutankhamun
12
Twelve Chapters, by Cyril
109–110, 125, 133, 136
Two-Saints Church
295
Two-Sons Doctrine or theology
95, 96, 108, 110, 111
Tylson, John R.
80, 82, 87, 94
ʿUrabi Revolt
219, 250
ʿUrabi, Ahmad
219
Umayyad
153, 156–158, 161–162
Uniate
194–197, 205–206
United Nations
232
United Presbyterian Church in Egypt
242
United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., UPCUSA
302
United Presbyterian Church of North America (UPCNA)
2, 239, 240, 245, 247, 255, 302, 305, 307, 318
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
232
UPCNA
302, 305, 307, 318
UPCUSA
312, 313, 314
Uum Ali
177
Valen
90
Valentinian
39–40, 90
Valentinus
36, 38–39
Van de Berk, Tjeu
29–30
Van Doorn-Harder, Nelly
217, 220–222, 272, 281, 285–286
Van Dyck Bible
215, 246–247
Verne, Jules, Around the World in Eighty Days
217
Virgin Mary, Virgin Mother, Mother of God
104, 106–107, 113, 118, 170, 181
Virtue, David
311
Vision of Theophilus
181
Voile, Brigitte
276
Wafd government
258
Wafd movement
225, 226
Wafd Party
225–226, 239, 236
Waft
269, 270
Wahba, Tharwat
303, 308, 312, 313, 323, 324, 325
Wansleben, Johann Michael
192
Waqf lands
294
waqf
189, 213, 217, 218, 221, 231, 237, 294
Watson, Andrew
215, 243, 246, 247, 250, 253, 257, 274
Watson, Anna
326
Watson, Charles
253
Watson, John
283
Wessel, Susan
106
White Monastery, or Anbu Shenoute, or Monastery of the Archangel Michael
11, 62, 130, 141, 166
Wilfong, T.G.
63
Wilkinson, William
17
Williams, Rowan
72, 75
Wilson, Woodrow
225
Wingate, Reginald
225
Wings of the Eagles (Agnaht al-Nasur), journal
311–312
Women: converts to Christianity
252
Coptic Church and Modernity
287–289
in mission
240–241
ordination
318
World Alliance of Reformed Churches
311
World Council of Churches
236, 284, 309, 311, 313
World Literary and Christian Literature Committee, National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States
308, 309
World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh
255, 257
World War I
225
World War II
230
wuwatin (citizen)
211
Yaʿquh Nakhla Rufayla
219
Yom Kipper War
290
Youannis XIX, Coptic pope
229–230
Youth, Coptic Church and Modernity
287–289
Yusab II, Coptic pope
236–237, 265, 268, 279, 289
Yusab, bishop
230–231
Yussef Beyk Monqarius
226
Zacharias, pope
172
Zaghlul, Sa‘d
225–226
Zaki, Andrea
330–331
Zaki, Anne Emile
319
Zaki, Emile
308, 319
Zeitoun, Virgin Mary’s Apparitions
276–278
Zwemer, Samuel M.
255, 258–259, 306