Figures
0.1 View of Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), building type âA,â from OmotesandÅ Avenue, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1926 3
0.2 DÅjunkai Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, view of building type âH,â 1927 4
1.1 DÅjunkai, Yamashita-chÅ Apartments, Naka Ward, Yokohama, view of the courtyard, 1934 12
1.2 (Top to bottom) Plan of substandard residential area with row houses (nagaya); substandard housing with nagaya, Nippori, Tokyo, ca. 1920 14
1.3 Ikeda Hiroshi 18
1.4 Kashiwaba Community Housing, Yokohama, 1921 21
1.5 Tokyo Furuishiba Municipal Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, 1923. Floor plan of building constructed in concrete blocks 23
1.6 Tokyo Furuishiba Municipal Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, ca. 1926 24
1.7 Map of Tokyo showing areas impacted by the 1923 Great KantÅ Earthquake 26
1.8 DÅjunkai, Sarue Community Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, social services facility (rinpokan), 1929 29
1.9 DÅjunkai, ordinary housing in JÅ«jÅ, Tokyo, 1924 33
1.10 DÅjunkai, single house for factory employees in Asagaya, Suginami, Tokyo, 1924 34
1.11 DÅjunkai, Housing Distribution Map (JÅ«taku bunpu zu), 1934 36
1.12 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, example of suburban dispersed organization, plan type â2,â 1934 38
1.13 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1934 39
1.14 DÅjunkai, Hiranuma-chÅ Apartments, Kanagawa Ward (Nishi Ward), Yokohama, 1927 41
1.15 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1934 43
1.16 Uchida Yoshikazu, Yasuda Hall, HongÅ Campus, University of Tokyo, 1925 46
1.17 Bruno Taut, Hotel Stadt-Köln, Magdeburg, 1922 48
1.18 Clarence Stein, Phipps Garden Apartments, Sunnyside Gardens, Queens, New York, 1931 49
1.19 Kishida Hidetoâs elevation drawings for the DÅjunkai, NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, Building No. 1, 1924 50
1.20 (Left to right) DÅjunkai, unit type â1,â two rooms, kitchen, and toilet; unit type â2,â two rooms, kitchen, and toilet 51
1.21 (Left to right) DÅjunkai, unit types âA,â âB,â and âC,â redrawn 1997 51
1.22 DÅjunkai, unit type âH,â here with three units clustered around a stair core, 1926 52
2.1 DÅjunkai, Koishikawa Preparatory School, Tokyo, sewing machine department, 1934 60
2.2 DÅjunkai wooden houses complex and tennis courts, 1927 65
2.3 An example of a âculture house,â Okawa House from DenenchÅfu, Åta, Tokyo, 1925 66
2.4 âReform of the Home Begins with the Kitchen Arrangementsâ (Katei no kairyÅ wa mazu daidokoro setsubi kara), 1919â20 68
2.5 âA Family Circle Rather Than Trifling With Curiosâ (KottÅ ijikuri yori wa katei no danran), 1919â20 69
2.6 Matsuya Department Store, Ginza, Tokyo. Open, May 1, 1925 74
2.7 âModern Girlsâ (modan gÄru or moga) strolling down a Ginza street dressed in the âBeach Pajama Style,â 1928 75
3.1 (Left) Mizuno RentarÅ and (right) Miyazawa KogorÅ 82
3.2 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, view of building type âhoâ (cottage), 1934 85
3.3 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, facades on OmotesandÅ Avenue with enclosed balconies, 1999 86
4.1 Map of central Edo with machi units forming the city structure, 1849 95
4.2 View of Tokyo with elevated railway in the foreground, ca. 1911 97
4.3 Ebenezer Howardâs Garden City conceptual diagram, 1902 100
4.4 Fukuda Shigeyoshi, Shin TÅkyÅ, 1918 102
4.5 Nishiyama UzÅ and his wife having a meal in his unit in their DÅjunkai Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1941 103
4.6 (Top) Uchida Yoshikazuâs âGarden City Planâ (Denentoshi); (bottom left) layout of Idogaya and Akabane, 1922; (bottom right) DÅjunkai ordinary housing complexes, Tokyo 105
4.7 Aerial photograph of the DenenchÅfu district in Tokyo, 1989 106
4.8 Phipps Garden Apartments, Sunnyside Gardens, Queens, New York, 1931 107
4.9 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, view of the garden, 1996 108
4.10 Rivierenbuurt neighborhood in the south of Amsterdam, part of the Plan Zuid urban expansion program, 2015 109
4.11 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1934 110
4.12 DÅjunkai, Sarue Community Housing âblock,â Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, 1929 110
5.1 DÅjunkai, (top to bottom) partial view of Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, and of NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, 1934 119
5.2 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, (left to right) toilet and kitchen, 1934 120
5.3 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, building type âH,â rooftop, 1934 121
5.4 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, Building No. 1, 1927 122
5.5 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, Building No. 1, view of main staircase, 1996 123
5.6 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, Building No. 1, rooftop terrace, 1996 124
5.7 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, building type âriâ (units for singles), view of unit interior with alcove for bed and storage, 1934 126
5.8 DÅjunkai Foundation headquarters, Toranomon, KÅjimachi (Chiyoda), Tokyo, 1934 127
5.9 DÅjunkai, Toranomon Apartments, KÅjimachi (Chiyoda), Tokyo, interior view of Western-style unit for bachelors, 1934 128
5.10 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, 1931 128
5.11 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, 1931, ground floor plan 129
5.12 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, (top to bottom) view of entrance, unit interior, and reception room, 1934 130
5.13 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, entrance lobby with large window facing the courtyard, 2000 131
5.14 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, detail of stairs, 2000 132
5.15 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, entrance with tiled column and floor, 2000 134
5.16 DÅjunkai, Åtsuka Womenâs Apartments, Koishikawa (BunkyÅ), Tokyo, conservatory on the rooftop, 2000 135
5.17 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, basement (bathhouse), ground, first, and second floor plans (top); third, fourth and fifth floor plans (bottom), of Building No. 1, 1932 136
6.1 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), view of recreation room, 1934 141
6.2 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, view of the courtyard with sitting area and childrenâs playground, 1931 143
6.3 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), view of canteen, 1934 146
6.4 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, view of the courtyard and complex on completion, 1934 148
7.1 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, âtea roomâ (chanoma) in a Western-style unit, Building No. 1, Level 1, 2003 152
7.2 (Top to bottom) DÅjunkai, detail of ground floor plan of building type âC,â 1925; Michel de Klerk and Piet Kramer, floor plan of the first and second floors for housing at H. Ronnerplein; for the housing complex De Dageraad at Henriëtte Ronnerplein, Thérèse Schwartzeplein, and P. L. Takstraat in Amsterdam, 1918â23 155
7.3 (Top) DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, detailed cross sectional drawing (floor to ceiling-intermediate floor), redrawn 2023; (bottom) models depicting the same details as in the above drawing 156
7.4 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), interiors in the four-unit âcottage,â 1934 158
7.5 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, interior of unit with ârice-fieldâ (
7.6 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, interior of unit with ârice-fieldâ (
7.7 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, interior of unit with a ârice-fieldâ (
7.8 DÅjunkai ordinary housing, section of two-level nagaya-style row house 164
7.9 Diagram showing relationships within room interior, 1998 165
7.10 DÅjunkai, NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, kitchen with sink in reconstituted stone, 1927 166
7.11 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, view of kitchen with sink and splash back in reconstituted stone and lower counter for gas burners, 1934 167
7.12 Irizawa Tsunekoâs One-and-a-Half Tatami Kitchen, 1915 168
7.13 Unit type â51Câ (1951), view of Dining-Kitchen (DK) space 169
7.14 Yoshihiro Kono Futuretank Architects and AN Architects, Recreation Center in Kusatsu Onsen (Gunma Prefecture), detail of vestibule with doma, 2017 170
7.15 DÅjunkai, NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, building type â1,â floor plan, redrawn 1998 173
7.16 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), interior view of unit in building type âho,â 1934 176
7.17 DÅjunkai, Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), building type âE,â Western-style unit interior, 1927 178
7.18 (Left to right) standardized unit â51C,â 1951; standardized unit â2DK55,â 1955 180
7.19 Maekawa Kunio, Harumi Danchi (Japan Housing Corporation), Tokyo, wooden model showing individual units, 2024 181
7.20 Maekawa Kunio, Harumi Danchi (Japan Housing Corporation), Tokyo, 1958, view of interior of unit with access from corridor, 2024 182
7.21 Yamamoto Riken, Hotakubo Danchi, Kumamoto (Kumamoto Prefectural Housing), view of the interior of âDâ type unit, 1991 184
7.22 Sejima Kazuyo, Kitagata Housing Block (Gifu Prefectural Housing), Motosu, 1994 185
7.23 Urban Renaissance Agency (UR), KangetsukyÅ Danchi renovation, Kyoto, view of unit interior with vinyl tatami, 2012 186
7.24 Urban Renaissance Agency (UR) with MUJI, model unit interior in renovated danchi, 2013 187
8.1 Kon WajirÅ, plan and sketch of Kawarazuka KikuzaburÅ House, Oaza Koizumi, Ishimura, Kita Adachi, Saitama Prefecture, 1918 191
8.2 DÅjunkai, Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, ârice-fieldâ (
8.3 DÅjunkai, Sarue Community Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, model 196
9.1 Traces of an incendiary bomb on the roof of one of the DÅjunkai Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1995 204
9.2 DÅjunkai, Mita Apartments, Shiba (Minato), Tokyo, 1928 210
9.3 DÅjunkai, NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, 1929 212
9.4 Panoramic view of DÅjunkai Daikanyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1934 213
9.5 Nihon Sekkei, Daikanyama Address, Shibuya, Tokyo, 2000 214
9.6 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, 1936 215
9.7 MHS Planners, Architects & Engineers, East Commons Kiyosumi Shirakawa, KÅtÅ, Tokyo, 2005 216
9.8 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1972 217
9.9 Mori Building Co., Ltd. and AndÅ Tadao, OmotesandÅ Hills, Shibuya, Tokyo, 2006 218
9.10 Model of the DÅjunkai Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, 1934 220
9.11 Next Architects & Associates, Atlas Edogawa Apartments, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 2005 220
9.12 DÅjunkai, Toranomon Apartments, KÅjimachi (Chiyoda), Tokyo, 1934 221
9.13 TÅyÅ KÅhan headquarters in Toranomon, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 1995 222
9.14 Nikken Sekkei, Daido Life Kasumigaseki Building, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 2003 223
9.15 Kajima Design, Library Distribution Center, BunkyÅ, Tokyo, 2012 224
9.16 A scene from Ozu YasujirÅâs 1953 Tokyo Story (TÅkyÅ monogatari), filmed at the DÅjunkai Hiranuma-chÅ Apartments, Kanagawa Ward (Nishi Ward), Yokohama 226
9.17 DÅjunkai, Hiranuma-chÅ Apartments, Kanagawa Ward (Nishi Ward), Yokohama, 1928 227
9.18 Urbanlife Architects & Engineers, Monteverde Yokohama, Nishi Ward, Yokohama, 1982 228
9.19 DÅjunkai, Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1926 229
9.20 Mori Building Co., Ltd. and AndÅ Tadao, OmotesandÅ Hills, Shibuya, Tokyo, 2006 229
10.1 Covers of the special issues on the DÅjunkai Apartments from the magazine TÅkyÅjin, 1997/2000 234
10.2 View from RyoÌgoku Station toward Tokyo Bay along Sumida River, US Army Signal Corps, 1945 238
10.3 Cover of Shinkenchiku (January 1946) showing Nishiyama UzÅâs sketch of a city filled with apartment buildings 242
10.4 TÅkyÅ Toei Yokogawabashi Apartments (center) with DÅjunkai, Yanagishima Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo (lower left), ca. 1965 244
10.5 âDÅjunkai Apartments are the Origin of Collective Housing,â Toshi jÅ«taku (July 1972) 250
10.6 DÅjunkai, Yanagishima Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, and adjacent street (cropped image), ca. 1972 252
10.7 DÅjunkai 16 exhibition, dismembered fixtures from DÅjunkai Apartments 256
10.8 Nihei Hiroatsu, Where My Thoughts Go When I Think about the Architecture of the DÅjunkai (DÅjunkai kenchiku ni omoi o haseru), 2015 258
10.9 UR Museum of Urban and Lifestyle Design, Akabanedai, Kita Ward, Tokyo, night view, 2023 260
10.10 Catalogue cover for the exhibition DÅjunkai Apartments and Shibuya: 100 Years after the Great KantÅ Earthquake. Shibuya Folk and Literary Shirane Memorial Museum, Tokyo 261
11.1 DÅjunkai, Sarue Community Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, (top to bottom) elevation facing the street with shops on the ground floor, elevation facing the courtyard with open galleries, typical floor plan, and ground floor plan 268
11.2 DÅjunkai, Sarue Community Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, a corner staircases in the complex, 1990 271
11.3 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, view of secondary street adjoining the complexâs buildings, 1931 273
11.4 DÅjunkai, Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, main staircase of Building No. 1 featured on the cover of the Docomomo 20 Japan exhibition catalogue, Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura, 2000 278
Plates
1 DÅjunkai ordinary housing (futsÅ« jÅ«taku or hon jÅ«taku) 282
2 Plan for an apartment house, signed by Uchida Yoshikazu, 1925 283
3 NakanogÅ Apartments, Honjo (Sumida) Tokyo, site plan, 1925 284
4 Daikanyama Apartments (in the drawing title block âShibuya Apartmentsâ), Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, 1995, site plan, 1925 285
5 Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, plans of building type âA,â 1925 286
6 Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), plans of building type âB,â 1925 287
7 Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), plans of building type âC,â 1925 288
8 Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments (in the drawing title block âHigashi Daiku-machi Apartmentsâ), Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, ground floor plan of Buildings Nos. 1 and 2, 1925 289
9 Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments (in the drawing title block âHigashi Daiku-machi Apartmentsâ), Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, first and second floor plan of Buildings Nos. 1 and 2, 1925 290
10 Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments (in the drawing title block âDaiku-machi Apartmentsâ), Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, plans of Building No. 4, phase 2, 1926 291
11 Yanagishima Apartments, Honjo (Sumida), Tokyo, phase 2, typical floor plan, 1926 292
12 Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments (in the drawing title block âHigashi Daiku-machi Apartmentsâ), Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, second phase, typical floor plan of Building Nos. 6 and 7, 1926 293
13 Daikanyama Apartments (in the drawing title block âShibuya Apartmentsâ), Toyotama County (Shibuya), 1926, floor plans of the mixed-use (commercial and residential) building by the communal bathhouse, 1926 294
14 Kiyosuna-dÅri Apartments (in the drawing title block âHigashi Daiku-machi Apartmentsâ), Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, site plan of the complex divided into four sectors (West, Center, South, and East), 1927 295
15 Aoyama Apartments, Toyotama County (Shibuya), Tokyo, site plan, 1927 296
16 Uenoshita Apartments, Shitaya (TaitÅ), Tokyo, Buildings Nos. 1 and 2, typical floor plan, elevation and section, 1927 297
17 Uenoshita Apartments, Shitaya (TaitÅ), Tokyo, (left to right) third floor plan of Building No. 2; typical floor plan of Building No. 1, 1927 298
18 Minowa Apartments, Arakawa, Tokyo, typical floor plan of Building Nos. 1 and 2, 1927 299
19 Sarue Community Housing, Fukagawa (KÅtÅ), Tokyo, site plan, 1929 300
20 Edogawa Apartments, Ushigome (Shinjuku), Tokyo, ground floor plan, undated 301
Tables
9.1 Timeline of the DÅjunkai Apartments 208