Index
Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn, ṬÄhÄ
43, 210, 227
connected creativity
225, 227
historicization plan
43, 220, 224
humanization plan
43, 214, 224
rationalization plan
43, 217, 224
ʿAbduh, Muḥammad
2â3, 13â14, 28, 32, 69, 335â336
Abou El Fadl, Khaled
177n1, 233, 243
Abrogation (nÄsikh wa-mansÅ«kh)
15, 76, 275â276, 279, 281, 359â362. See also Revelation (waḥy)
reform vs. abrogation
281, 359â362
AbÅ« Zayd, Naá¹£r ḤÄmid
12, 16â17, 22â23, 216, 229, 233, 236, 247, 249
createdness of the QurʾÄn
250â251
critique of dominant commentaries
39â40
cultural product (muntaj thaqÄfÄ«)
75â76
divine origin of the text
22
divine speech
77, 81
humanistic hermeneutics
76
interpretation and meaning
23â24
literalism
78â79
QurʾÄn as a historical and cultural text
75â76
QurʾÄnâThe World as a Sign
75, 77
resistance to his ideas
1n1
revelation
75n1
Accommodation theory
133
Ê¿Adl (justice)
18, 30, 34â36, 38, 44â46, 62, 120â121, 257â258, 295, 317, 343, 346, 360
AfghÄnÄ«, JamÄl DÄ«n al-
63
Ahl al-kitÄb (People of the Book)
Christians (al-Naá¹£ÄrÄ)
47â48, 104, 127, 135n15, 137â138, 208, 363n22
interfaith marriage
46â47, 326â348
Jews (al-Yahūd)
11, 47â48, 104, 137â138, 208, 261â262, 362, 363n22
polemics against
11, 134n11
salvation and pluralism
347, 356
Torah / Injīl (Gospel)
48, 59, 153, 182, 215n10, 217â219, 225, 259, 296, 307, 357, 362â363
Ali, Kecia
37
Ambiguity of QurʾÄnic criticism
356â359
Ê¿AqqÄd, Ê¿AbbÄs MaḥmÅ«d al-
206â208
Arkoun, Muhammad
12, 16n62, 18, 20, 23, 32, 43, 213â219, 225, 236, 247
Islamic fact
16
QurʾÄn as a literary document
20â21
QurʾÄnic fact
16
rethinking Islam
16n62, 17
revelation
16n62, 20, 23
Aá¹fayyash, Muḥammad b. YÅ«suf
14
Auda, Jasser
31, 34n140, 35
Author, reader, and text (interaction)
32
Authority of interpretation
authority of the Ê¿ulamÄ
75
modern Muslim thinkers
246
objectivism vs. subjectivism
67â68
reader, author, and text, interaction between
17
traditionalist scholars
2â3, 5, 27, 33
Western scholarship
6â7, 9, 11, 232n6, 252
Barlas, Asma
18, 25â27, 36â37, 95n17
Bint al-ShÄá¹iʾ (Ê¿Äʾisha bt. Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn)
344â345
Bucaille, Maurice
29
Charter of Madina (ṣaḥīfa)
264
Christian belief, QurʾÄnic critique of
355
Colonialism
13, 42, 63
Contemporary QurʾÄnic hermeneutics
229
Contextuality
contextual approach
26, 37, 40, 345
contextuality of QurʾÄnic discourse
159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175
historical context
174â175, 178, 250, 285, 294, 296
legislative context
271
limits of contextualist approaches
37
revelation, contextualization of
11, 21, 41
social context
220n25, 330, 343
Contingent verses
21
Crone, Patricia
2n3, 3n8, 4, 7n16, 9, 352
Cultural horizon
28
Cultural system of the signified
79
Cuypers, Michel
9â10, 11n39
Darwaza, Ê¿Izzat
15
Deconstruction
32, 246
Democratic governance
45
Demythologize
205
Diachronic reading
133
Dialogical Relationship
33, 104
Distortion of the religion
152
Divine authorship
165â166
Divine discourse
215
Double movement theory
41, 247
application to contemporary issues
30
ethical principles
22, 130
historical context
250, 285, 294, 296
Rahman, Fazlur
237n28, 247â248, 249n79, 346, 354
Dynamic interpretation
39, 45
Early Meccan suras
10
Education, Islamic
2, 4â5, 102
curricula reform
4â5
integration of modern disciplines
5
traditional Islamic disciplines
2, 4â5, 38
Egalitarian content vs. hierarchical content
36
Egalitarian reading
26, 37
Enlightenment liberalism
239â240
Epistemological interest
63
Equal rights
339
Equality
6, 25â26, 30, 35â36, 38, 307â308, 315, 318â328, 343, 360
Esack, Farid
247
Ethics
equality
6, 25â26, 30, 35â36, 38, 322â328, 343, 360
ethical and spiritual teachings
178
ethics and law
29
human rights
6, 30, 35, 38, 46, 125â127, 326â327
justice, mercy, and wisdom
34
moral values
34, 62, 72
Exegesis
2n2, 5n13, 8, 13â15, 19â20, 273n18, 350n1, 351. See also TafsÄ«r
Fanaei, Abolqasem
12, 25
FarÄhÄ«, HamÄ«d al-DÄ«n
14, 15n53
Feminism and gender justice. See also Gender
feminist hermeneutics
44â45
QurʾÄn, egalitarian reading of
26
Feminist QurʾÄnic hermeneutics
32, 36, 37n156, 44â46
Five fundamental rights
329
Fluidity of meaning
5, 32â34
Foreign values and ideologies
41
Fusion of horizons
242, 252
Gadamer, Hans-Georg
102, 146n52, 245n62
Geiger, Abraham
7
Gender
feminist QurʾÄnic hermeneutics
32, 36, 37n156, 44â46
gender equality
25â26, 30, 36, 44, 240, 257, 294n1, 326â327
inequalities
44, 347
inheritance
6, 44â45, 148, 257â277, 279, 281â291, 333
marriage
37, 46â47, 76, 258, 260, 263, 289, 326â348
women as subjects vs. objects
347â348
womenâs leadership
15n59, 177n1, 178
womenâs tafsÄ«r
46, 326â327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 345, 347
Gender issues
230
divorce (á¹alÄq)
6, 37, 47, 121, 341
inheritance (mÄ«rÄth) shares
6, 44â45, 148, 257â291, 333
leadership (wilÄya/imÄma)
15n59, 167, 177n1, 178, 285â286
polygamy
326
testimony/witnessing
121â122, 272, 287â288
Wadud, Amina
2, 18, 25â26, 233, 247
GhazÄlÄ«, AbÅ« ḤÄmid al-
33
God, created Speech of
248, 250
Goldziher, Ignaz
11, 162n3
Ḥanafī, Ḥasan
reason and historical context
17
reinterpreting Islamic heritage (turÄth)
57
real-life situations of Muslims
38â39
theory of exegesis
38, 57â59
Ḥaqīqa muḥammadiyya
162
Ḥaqīqa (truth/reality)
60, 75n1, 76, 88, 101, 162, 214n8, 219n21, 220n25, 221n28
Heresy vs. orthodoxy
240
Hermeneutic circle
252
Hermeneutics
modern
16, 32, 103, 243
philosophical
102n1, 188, 192, 246â248
theological
133n6, 246â248, 252
Hermeneutics controversy
232, 241
Hidayatullah, Aysha
36
Higher criticism
135
Hirsch, E.D.
243, 247
Historical analysis
28, 75n1, 76
Historical Antecedent
95
Historical context
11, 17, 21, 23, 26â28, 40, 103, 132, 134, 140â141, 285, 294, 296
Historical criticism
110, 127â128, 181, 220
Historicism
132, 140â142, 161
Historicity (tÄrÄ«khiyya)
20, 24â25, 27, 103
diachronic reading
133
historical contextualization
21
historical criticism
110, 127â128, 181, 220
historical verses
25
historicism
132, 140â142, 161
historicity of QurʾÄnic discourse
160
synchronic reading
133
Historicization plan
43, 220, 224
Holistic system
30, 35â36
Human-authored texts
42
Humanistic hermeneutic
17, 75n1, 76, 247, 249n82
Humanist-rationalist approach
141
Humanization plan
43, 214, 224
Hussain, Taha
27
Ibn Ê¿AbbÄs
84â85, 93, 273, 275, 285, 291, 311, 333n8
Ibn al-ʿArabī
270n14, 272â274, 276, 279â283, 290n49
Ibn Ê¿ÄshÅ«r, Muḥammad al-ṬÄhir
35
Ibn BÄdÄ«s, Ê¿Abd al-ḤamÄ«d
14
IÊ¿jÄz (inimitability)
79â80, 90n13, 321, 344
IjtihÄd
3, 40, 102, 143, 148n54, 149, 151â156, 335, 341â342
authority of ijtihÄd
40â41
ijtihÄd vs. taqlÄ«d
3
limits of ijtihÄd
151
modern ijtihÄd
154
reform and ijtihÄd
1â4
Imitation (taqlīd)
3
Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)
47, 177, 230, 327, 333
Inheritance
rulings
6, 258â264
shares
269â270, 281â282, 284, 289
verses
45, 281, 291
Injīl (Gospel)
48, 59, 153, 182, 215n10, 217, 219, 225, 357, 362â363
Intellectual history
17n65, 241
Interfaith dialogue
130
Interfaith marriage
46â47, 326â348
Internal private ethics
222
Interpretation
invalid
78n3, 295
types of
78, 198
Interpretation of the Bible
137n24
Interpretation (tafsīr)
contextual interpretation
44â46, 230
dynamic interpretation
39, 45
feminist tafsīr
18, 44
scientific exegesis
14, 29
tafsīr, history of
299â300
tafsīr tradition
44â45
theory of exegesis
38, 57â67, 69, 71, 73
traditional interpretations, critique of
257
Intertextuality
6n14, 225
InzÄl al-kitÄb
109
InzÄl al-waḥy
109
Iqbal, Muḥammad
2, 15
IrtidÄd (apostasy)
298
Islamic Modernity
32n133, 211
IsrÄʾīliyyÄt
15, 344
JÄbirÄ«, Muḥammad Ê¿Äbid al-
210n1
JurjÄnÄ«, Abd QÄhir al-
27, 79, 80n4
Justice
and fairness
46, 121
proportionality
296â297, 300â302, 305â309
qiá¹£Äá¹£
46, 121, 221, 294â325
in QurʾÄnic legislation
34â36
social justice
230, 240, 257
KalÄla
266, 268, 289
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
34â35
KawÄkibÄ«, Abd RaḥmÄn al-
2, 3n5
Khalafallah, Muḥammad Aḥmad
14
Khan, Sayyid Ahmad
2â3, 14n47, 28
Khomeini, Ayatollah
298
Khūlī, Amīn al-
14, 135n15, 172, 236, 243n55
al-KulliyyÄt al-khams (five universals)
329
KulliyyÄt (universals)
68, 329
Language and literary expression
8â9, 28, 193
Language-games, theory of
106
Late antiquity
9â11
culture
10
QurʾÄn in context of
9â11
Western scholarship on
9, 11
Law (sharīʿa / fiqh)
distinction from sharīʿa
34â35
family law
6
fiqh of minorities
327â328
inheritance rulings
258â263, 267
Islamic jurisprudence
4â5, 24n103, 34n140, 143â144, 156, 169, 276, 294, 360n18
maqÄá¹£id al-sharÄ«Ê¿a
34, 35n149, 38, 59, 67, 187, 346
penal law
298
rethinking uṣūl al-fiqh
156
sharīʿa and fiqh, difference between
187â188
socio-legal rulings
35
Liberalism
1n1, 44, 230, 235, 237â241, 244n59
critique of
239
Islamic liberalism
237â241
Linguistic evidence
248, 284
Literal interpretation
180
Literary art
28
Lüling, Günter
7n15, 9
Luxenberg, Christoph
7n15, 9
Madina
264
Maghza (significance)
23
MaqÄá¹£id al-sharÄ«Ê¿a (objectives of law)
34, 35n149, 38, 59, 67, 187, 346
Maududi, Abuâl Ala
14, 338
McAuliffe, Jane D.
10, 250n85
Meaning(s)
fluidity of meaning
5, 32â34
intended meaning (qaá¹£d al-mutakallim)
168, 200, 203, 243â244, 246, 345
lexical meaning
180, 344
literal and metaphorical meanings
180
meaning and context
343
meanings of utterances
180
objective meaning
41, 43, 159, 166, 168â172
relativity of meaning
345
semantic interrelationship
87
Mernissi, Fatima
18
Microstructural analysis
10
Mimetic modernist readings
223
Modern hermeneutical tools, criticisms of
46
Modern hermeneutics
16, 32, 103, 243n53
Modern literary theory
32
Modernist mimetic readings
213â214
historicization plan
43, 220, 224
humanization plan
43, 214, 224
rationalization plan
43, 217, 224
Modernist paradigm
156
Modernity
challenges to traditional thought
58
colonial era
28
enlightenment liberalism
239â240
Islam and modernity
75n1, 139
modern scientific knowledge
3, 28
secularism
2, 44, 156, 230, 238
western modernity
43, 210â211, 213n6, 224, 227
Westernization
241
Mohammed, Khaleel
16n63, 229, 249n81
Moosa, Ebrahim
247
Muhammad (Prophet)
authority of
223, 262, 271, 275â278, 283, 347
biography (sīra)
67, 134, 162, 184, 187, 191, 263n9, 264, 278, 361
nature of his experience of revelation
111
prophetic mission
21, 71, 104â105, 107, 353, 355
Mulia, Siti Musdah
46, 326, 330n3, 348
gender equality activism
240, 326
views on polygamy and hijab
327
MutashÄbih (ambiguous/allegorical)
60, 92, 220
Muʿtazilīs
27, 32, 94, 244, 250
Naqd-e tÄrÄ«khÄ« (historical critique)
127
Nature, authenticity, and content
42
Necessity (wujūb)
301
Neuwirth, Angelika
9â10
Nöldeke, Theodor
356
Normative vs. contextual theology
347
Objectivism vs. subjectivism
interpreterâs perspective
111
interpretive authority
117â118
objective understanding
118
relativism
42â44, 67, 196, 236, 238, 245
Oral discourse
41, 165, 168
Orientalism
biblical influence theories
134, 205
Christian texts
7â8, 357
critique of Orientalism
210
early Orientalist scholarship
236, 251
historical reliability of the QurʾÄn
7
Jewish texts
7â8
Orientalists
7, 40, 135, 139, 140n39, 236, 251, 287
Ãzsoy, Ãmer
41, 130n1, 135n17, 159â160, 162
Ankara School
159
concept of SunnatullÄh
159n1
contextuality of QurʾÄnic discourse
159, 161, 163, 165
double movement theory
41, 247
historicist approach
135, 137, 139â140, 143n47, 164, 172, 174
objective meaning of historical discourse
41, 159
oral and written discourse
41â42
Paçacı, Mehmet
40, 130, 135n14, 151n58, 157
Parrinder, Geoffrey
357
Philology
251
historical-philological method
251
orientalist tradition
7
textual criticism
134, 163â164
Philosophical hermeneutics
102, 188, 192, 199, 202, 246, 248
Pink, Johanna
2n2, 350n1
Pluralism
coexistence
17, 262
inclusivism
47
interfaith relations
47, 233, 351
people of the book
47, 137, 174, 208, 270, 287, 330, 333n8, 353â354, 359
QurʾÄnic criticism of other religions
47â48, 359â361
religious pluralism
16, 17n68, 230, 239n40, 240, 350â351, 356n11
Polemics (scriptural)
16â17, 38, 44â45, 76, 230, 235, 348, 350â351, 356
Process of reading
32
Prophetâs experience
24, 103
Proportionality
46, 296â297, 300â302, 305â309, 314, 319â324
Qaraá¸ÄwÄ«, YÅ«suf al-
34, 177n1
Qaá¹£d al-mutakallim (authorial intent)
168
Qaá¹Ê¿iyy (definitive)
346
Qiá¹£Äá¹£ (retaliation/just retribution)
46, 121, 221, 294â325
contemporary application
302
human rights concerns
302â304
QurʾÄnic fact
16
QurʾÄnic hermeneutics, approaches to
37, 39, 41, 44â45
QurʾÄnic text
consistency issues
40
incompleteness
217
Qurá¹ubÄ«
280, 284, 299, 302, 304, 310â311, 315n43, 316n47, 317, 321â322, 358
Quá¹b, Sayyid
14, 229n1
Raá¸wÄ«, NÄʾila SillÄ«nÄ« al-
45, 257, 292
exegetical disagreements
257, 291
family affairs
257, 259, 261, 263, 291
gender equality
257
inheritance
257
Rahman, Fazlur
1â2, 4n10, 10, 12, 21, 29, 30n125, 38, 41, 138â140, 153, 172, 233, 237n28, 247â249, 346, 354
contextualist perspective
21
critique of traditionalism
57
double movement theory
41, 247
Islamic ethics
16, 210
living tradition
154
moral vs. legal specificities
220â222
QurʾÄnâs moral teachings
16â17
resistance to his ideas
2n1
revelation
41
thematic readings of the QurʾÄn
16
Rahman, Yusuf
16n63, 44, 229â230, 232, 249n81, 253
hermeneutics controversy
232, 241
Indonesian Muslim responses to hermeneutics
44â45, 229â251
liberal Islamic thought in Indonesia
178, 237, 241
Rationalist theologians
32
Rationalization plan
43, 217, 224
RÄzÄ«, Fakhr DÄ«n al-
261, 262n8, 331n5
Reason and inquiry
28
Reconsideration of the meaning of qiá¹£Äá¹£ (Vasmaghi)
46, 294â325
Reform vs. abrogation
76â77
Reinterpretation
3n7, 38, 45â46, 123, 231, 294, 344, 347, 362
Reinterpretation of QurʾÄnic verses on inheritance
45, 257â258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 286, 288, 290, 292
Relativism
42â44, 67, 196, 236, 238, 245
Relativity of meaning
context and meaning
343
fluidity of meaning
5, 32â34
lexical meaning
180, 344
objective meaning
41, 43, 159, 166, 168â172
semantic interrelationship
87
Relativity of truth
240, 244
Religious liberalism
238, 240
Religious pluralism
16, 17n68, 230, 239n40, 240, 350â351, 356n11
salvation of non-Muslims
303
tolerance
170, 177n1, 201
Religious tolerance
177n1
Revelation, chronology of
abrogation, importance for
39
dating of suras
100â101
Meccan vs. Medinan periods
355â356
Nöldekeâs chronology
356
Revelation, human dimension of
249â250
Revelation, reasons for (asbÄb al-nuzÅ«l)
12â13, 21, 28, 31, 61, 142, 163, 220, 281
Revelation (waḥy)
as communication
16
delayed revelation
262
divine revelation
59, 67â68, 71, 186, 335
and history
23
history of (asbÄb al-nuzÅ«l)
12â13, 21, 28, 31, 61, 142, 163, 220, 281
human dimension of revelation
343
nature of (verbal vs. inspiration)
66, 108, 169, 172, 215, 249, 290
revelation and language
344
revelation, theory of
24, 248
Reynolds, Gabriel Said
7n15, 8â9, 350n1
Rhetorical devices
39â40
Rhetorical structures
10
Riá¸Ä, RashÄ«d
2n5, 13, 69, 335â336, 337n18
Rigid traditionalism
57
RisÄla, (al-ShÄfiÊ¿Ä«)
151â152, 180, 271, 277â278, 280, 345
Sachedina, Abdulaziz
360, 362
Saeed, Abdullah
1, 12, 18, 32, 36, 102n1, 243n55, 248
Salvation history
narrative purpose
93
prophetic narratives
94
vs. factual history
93
Schleiermacher, Friedrich
188
Scientific exegesis
14, 29
Secularized interpretation
42
Self-criticism
171
Semantic interrelationship
87
Semitic rhetoric
10â11
Shabestarī, Muḥammad Mojtahed
24, 33n134, 102, 128
critique of official religious reading
126
faith and freedom
126
hermeneutical circle
133
human rights and religion
126
ShÄfiÊ¿Ä«
151â152, 180, 271, 277â278, 280, 345
Shaḥrūr, Muḥammad
17, 19n72, 213, 233n8
Shaltūt, Maḥmūd
14, 334
Sharafī, Abd Majīd al-
32, 213, 214n9, 222n31
Shihab, Muhammad Quraish
15â16, 30, 31n128, 33, 42, 177â178, 209, 334, 345
perspective on hermeneutics
177â179
thematic approach
29â31
Sirry, Munâim
47, 232n6, 350, 354n8, 364
criticisms of other religions
359, 361â363
interreligious relations
360
QurʾÄnâs criticisms of other religions
350â351, 353, 355, 357, 359, 361, 363
Social realities
40, 120â122, 126
Soroush, Abdolkarim
2, 12, 16, 17n64, 20, 213n7
contextual readings
23
contraction and expansion of religious knowledge
20
revelation
12
Stoning to death
278
Synchronic reading
133
Syro-Aramaic reading
7n15
linguistic roots
361
Luxenbergâs theory
9
Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-
83, 271, 290n50, 303n16, 335
Ṭabarsī
299, 314â315, 316n44, 317â318, 321
ṬabÄá¹abÄʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn
15, 109n5, 302n11
Tafsīr
history
125, 299â302
methods
5, 15, 160, 191, 231â232, 344
tradition
15â16, 44â45, 179, 220â222
TafsÄ«r al-ManÄr
13, 70, 335, 337n18
Takhṣīṣ (specification)
281
Tamer, Georges
13â15
Taqlīd
3, 43, 227
critique of
43
vs. ijtihÄd
3
Taʾwīl (interpretation)
42, 65, 75n1, 76n2, 83, 89n12, 180, 247, 271, 335
Textual approach
24, 345
Textuality (naṣṣiyya)
225
Thematic study
29, 177n1
Theories of hermeneutics
43, 231, 235, 246, 247n73, 250â252
Torah
59, 217, 219, 225, 259, 296, 300, 307
Torah and the Injīl
59
Tradition (turÄth)
classical Islamic scholarship
27
critique of tradition
17â18
Islamic tradition
12, 44, 46, 58, 76â77, 135, 142â143, 153, 156, 168, 178, 210, 225n36, 232â233, 241, 247, 355, 361
reform vs. tradition
35â36
rigid traditionalism
57
turÄth and modernity
57
vs. modern hermeneutics
16
Trinitarian monotheism
357
Trusteeship, theory of
211
Truth and Method (Hans-Georg Gadamer)
102, 146n52, 245n62
Understanding (fahm)
33, 110, 121â122, 125, 128
Vasmaghi, Sedigheh
46, 294â295, 325
on qiá¹£Äá¹£ (retaliation)
46â47
reconsideration of the meaning of qiá¹£Äá¹£
46
Wadud, Amina
2, 18, 25â26, 233, 247
gender equality
25â26
patriarchal interpretations
18n70
tawḥīd
26
Wansbrough, John
8, 352
Watt, W. Montgomery
11â12, 134n12, 135n18, 288n47, 357
Western ethics, critique of
210
Western hermeneutics
15n59, 177n1, 178â179, 202, 232, 242, 247
Western scholarship
6â7, 9, 11, 232n6, 252
biblical scholarship
37
historical criticism
110, 127â128, 181, 220
intertextuality
6n14, 225
Jewish and Christian sources
8
late antiquity context
9
literary approaches to the QurʾÄn
8n16
microstructural analysis
10
orientalists
7, 40, 135, 139, 140n39, 156, 183, 236, 251, 287
QurʾÄn and the Bible
6n14, 7n15, 182
revisionist theories
9
Women. See also Feminism and gender justice; Gender issues
employment and public life
295
status in QurʾÄn and Sunna
343
Womenâs leadership
15n59, 177n1, 178
Womenâs sexual autonomy
37
Words in action, theory of
106â107
Yousefi-Eshkevarī, Hasan
32
áºÄhir (apparent meaning)
60, 200, 247
Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-
89n12, 321n62
áºulm (oppression)
120