Abbreviations
| AE | L’Année épigraphique |
| ANS | The American Numismatic Society (online: https://numismatics.org/collections/) |
| CIIP | Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae 5 vols. (online: https://www.degruyter.com/serial/ciip-b/html?lang=de#volumes). |
| CIL | Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (https://cil.bbaw.de/en/homenavigation/the-cil/volumes) |
| Dura First–Ninth | The Excavations at Dura- Europos Conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters: (First) Baur, P.V.C., and Rostovtzeff, M.I., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura- Europos, Preliminary Report of the First Season of Work, Spring 1928 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1929) (Second) Baur, P.V.C., and Rostovtzeff, M.I., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura- Europos, Preliminary Report of the Second Season of Work, October 1928–April 1929 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1931) (Third) Baur, P.V.C., and Rostovtzeff, M.I., and Bellinger, A.R., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report of the Third Season of Work, November 1929–March 1930 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1932) (Fourth) Baur, P.V.C., and Rostovtzeff, M.I., and Bellinger, A.R., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report of the Fourth Season of Work, October 1930–March 1931 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1933) (Fifth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., (ed.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report of the Fifth Season of Work, October 1931–March 1932 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1934) (Sixth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., and Bellinger, A.R., Hopkins, C., and Welles, C.B., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report on the Sixth Season of Work, October 1932–March 1933 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1936) (Seventh/Eighth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., Brown, F.E., and Welles, C.B., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report on the Seventh and Eighth Seasons of Work, 1933–1934 and 1934–1935 (New Haven, Yale University Press 1936) (Ninth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., Bellinger, A.R., Brown, F.E., and Welles, C.B., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report on the Ninth Season of Work, 1935–1936, Part 1: The Agora and Bazaar (New Haven, Yale University Press. 1944) (Ninth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., Bellinger, A.R., Brown, F.E., and Welles, C.B., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report on the Ninth Season of Work, 1935–1936, Part 2: The Necropolis (New Haven, Yale University Press 1946) (Ninth) Rostovtzeff, M.I., Bellinger, A.R., Brown, F.E., and Welles, C.B., (eds.) The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report on the Ninth Season of Work, 1935–1936, Part 3: The Palace of the Dux Ripae and the Dolicheneum (New Haven, Yale University Press 1952) |
| IG | Inscriptiones Graecae |
| IGLJ | Gatier, P.L., ‘Inscriptions de la Jordanie, 2, Région centrale (Amman – Hesban – Madaba – Main – Dhiban), Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 114 (1986). Sartre, M., ‘Inscriptions de la Jordanie, 4, Pétra et la Nabatène méridionale du Wadi al-Hasa au golfe de ʿAqaba’, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 115 (1993) |
| IGLS | Inscriptions Grecques et Latines de la Syrie (online: https://www.persee.fr/collection/bah) |
| IGR | Cagnat, R., Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res Romanas Pertinentes 4 vols. (Paris 1906–27) |
| ILS | Dessau, H., Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 3 vols. (Berlin 1892–1916) |
| Inv. | Starcky, J., Inventaire des Inscriptions de Palmyre fasc. 10 (Damascus 1949) |
| PAT | Hillers, D.R., and Cussini, E., Palmyrene Aramaic Texts (Baltimore 1995) |
| P.Dura | Welles, C.B., Fink, R.O, and Gilliam, J.F., The Excavations at Dura-Europus. Final Report V.I.: The Parchments and Papyri (New Haven 1959) |
| P.Euphr. | Feissel, D., and Gascou, J., ‘Documents d’archives romains inédits du Moyen Euphrate (IIIe s. après J.-C.) III. Actes divers et Lettres (P. Euphr. 11 à 17)’, Journal des savants (2000), pp.157–208, ‘Documents d’archives romains inédits du Moyen Euphrate (IIIe s. après J-C) I. Les pétitions (T. Euphr. 1 à 5)’, Journal des savants (1995), pp.65–119, and Teixidor, J., Feissel, D., and Gascou, J., ‘Documents d’archives romains inédits du Moyen Euphrate (IIIe siècle après J-C) [II. Les actes de vente- achat (P. Euphr. 6 À 10)]’, Journal des Savants 1 (1997), pp.3–57 |
| P.Hever | Cotton, H.M., and Yardeni, A., (eds.) Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek Documentary Texts from Naḥal Ḥever and Other Sites: with an appendix containing alleged Qumran texts. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert 27 (Oxford 1997). |
| P.Yadin | Lewis, N., (ed.) The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters volume I: Greek Papyri (Jerusalem 1989) |
| RMD | Roxan, M., Roman Military Diplomas, 1978–1984 (London, 1985). Roman Military Diplomas, 1954–1977 (London, 1978) |
| RPC | Roman Provincial Coinage (online: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk) |
| SEG | Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (online: https://scholarlyeditions.brill.com/sego/) |