Index
abortion
1, 61, 64, 74, 105, 111, 112, 113, 123, 130, 133, 144
Accepting Evangelicals
212, 214
adoption
gay
5, 26, 60, 83–86, 88, 89, 114, 145
transgender
74
African churches
132, 200–201, 231, 232
age of consent
5, 60, 74, 75–77, 139, 184
AIDS/HIV
76, 99, 103, 104, 139, 140, 186, 195, 222, 223, 231
Anglicanism. (See also Church of England)
2, 6–7, 29, 30, 50, 58, 59, 67, 68, 70, 82, 106, 110, 112–113, 120, 127, 130, 148–172, 173, 182, 188, 190, 205, 210, 211, 212, 241, 229–300, 231, 238, 249(n), 229, 230(n), 238
Anglican Coalition
211–212
Anglo-Catholic
136–137, 149, 172
Anglican Church of Canada
158
Apostle Paul
13–14, 31, 34, 36–37, 39, 44, 45, 47, 152, 160, 247
Aquinas, Thomas
13, 34, 37–38, 47
Assemblies of God
130, 201, 206(n)
Augustine of Hyppo
13, 40
Baby Boom generation
25, 230
Baptists
106, 214, 253(n)
Baptists Together (previously the Baptist Union)
183, 190–194, 197, 239, 249, 250–251
Baptist Network Accepting Lesbian and Gay Christians
214
Benedict VXI, Pope XVI
178, 179–180, 211
bisexuality
1(n), 3, 20, 37, 46–47, 48–50, 56, 60, 85, 104(n), 135, 144, 165–166, 170, 172, 183, 203, 213, 222, 224, 227, 248, 254
theology
223
Boswell, John
14, 36–42, 221
boundary maintenance
4, 5, 16–17, 33, 37, 42–44, 45–46, 51, 47, 64–67, 71, 220
Bourgre sect
15, 46
Brethren
106
British Coalition of Catholic Groups for a Liberating Church (Catholic)
178
British Council of Churches
58
Campaign for Homosexual Equality
60, 104
capitalism
24–25, 27, 127
Carey, George (Archbishop)
76, 115
Catholic Association for Lesbian and Catholic Ministry
212
Catholic Care
88–89
celibacy
13, 16, 17, 44, 45, 119–120, 158, 163, 179, 187
Changing Attitudes (Anglican)
212, 217, 238
Charismatic Movement
57, 129, 131, 149(n), 157, 198, 200–201, 204
Christian Action and Research (CARE)
94–95, 108, 120–121, 130–131, 132–133, 137, 144
Christian campaigning
85, 98, 104, 114, 105–109, 123, 125–147, 197
groups
1, 74, 80, 131–136
strategies
136–145
Christian Concern
135, 165(n)
Christian congregational views of LGBT
111
Christian Institute
77, 80, 83–84, 88, 90, 91, 120, 135, 136–137, 138, 139–140, 141–143, 144–145
Christian Party
146
Christian People’s Alliance
146
Christian Union, student
108, 232(n)
Christian Voice
92, 130, 133–134
Church
attendance
6, 75, 125, 174, 230
Fathers
13, 15, 32, 36, 38–39, 40–41, 47, 49
membership
75, 203
Church of Canada
156–157
Church of England. (See also Anglicanism)
2, 6–7, 77–79, 81, 82–83, 117–118, 127, 203, 212, 249
early views of homosexuality
151–152
inclusion initiatives
154, 155, 162, 167–171
reports on homosexuality
153–154, 158, 161
twenty-first century developments
156–164
Church of Ireland
171–172
Church in Wales
81, 83, 159, 161, 163, 169
Church of Scotland
67, 69, 159, 182
Church-state relations
6, 7, 28, 18–19, 71, 97
civil partnerships
5, 6, 69, 77–83, 86, 90, 112, 120, 131–132, 142, 156, 158, 159, 162, 168, 169, 171, 173, 181, 183, 188, 192, 193, 196, 206(n), 208, 231
clergy, gay
158, 160, 161–162, 175, 195, 161, 163, 187, 198(n), 225
female
50, 205
colonialism
10, 17–18, 65, 229
conservative Christians
2–3, 23, 29, 30–31, 33, 34, 74, 82, 83–84, 87, 94, 99, 103–104, 106, 109, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 135–136, 138, 141, 144–147, 149, 150, 152, 153, 160, 166, 170–171, 174, 181, 187, 188, 196, 204, 205, 206, 211, 219, 226, 231, 240, 251, 253
campaigning groups
5, 6, 74, 131–136
Conservative Party (British)
67, 72, 75, 81, 85, 114
consumerism
20, 24, 28, 68
Cost of Conscience (Anglo-Catholic)
136–137
counter-culture
25, 102–103, 148
Courage (gay support)
214
Courage (Roman Catholic)
212
culture wars
125, 130
Daughter of Bilitis
101
Dignity (LGBT group)
212
Diversity, Equality and Inclusion
2, 3, 7, 188, 197, 242–246, 247–248, 249–250, 253
ecumenical
137, 175
Elim Church
202
Enlightenment, The
11, 15, 18–19, 57
Episcopal Church of Canada
169
Episcopal Church of the USA
157, 158, 161, 164
Equality Acts (2006/10)
93–94, 96, 122, 123–124, 143–144, 170, 190, 226, 235, 242
Equality and Human Rights Commission
71, 93, 120, 121, 122, 200, 202
European Convention on Human Rights
75–76, 200
European Court of Human Rights
60, 69, 75–76, 118
evangelical
57, 80, 105, 108, 113, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 145, 149, 166, 172, 177, 188, 198, 203, 214
churches
87, 198
conservative
126, 131, 154, 198–200, 204
political activism
126–128
theology
191
Evangelical Alliance
87–88, 105, 130, 131–132, 137, 142, 143–144, 197, 211(n), 214, 226
Evangelical Fellowship for Lesbian and Gay Christians
213–214
family issue politics
5, 30, 60(n), 103, 105, 114–115, 123, 126, 127, 129, 133, 138
Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
198
feminism
20, 30, 57, 99, 103, 123, 125, 179, 222, 225
theology
222–223
Fisher, Geoffry (Archbishop)
59, 67, 150, 151
Francis, Pope
180–183
freedom of speech
5–6, 91–92
fundamentalism, religious
30, 79, 103, 126–127, 130
gay see See homosexuality
Gay Apostolic Pentecostal Apostolic churches
206
Gay Christian Network
206(n)
Gay Liberation Front
104, 107
Gay Liberation Movement
6, 20, 41, 60, 98–104, 106, 206, 226
gay pride
71, 92, 102, 163, 200
parades
70–71, 113, 248
gay rights
59–60, 105, 136, 137, 138, 145, 209, 218.
See also LGBT rights
gay theology
30, 220, 225, 228
gender theory
182
Generation Z
243
Global Anglican Futures
160
Global North
230, 232
Global South
7, 10, 230, 230–232, 233
Gnosticism
15(n)
Graham, Billy
108
Group for Evangelism and Renewal
155–156, 196
Health & wealth gospel
231
Hinduism
12, 18, 77, 115
homosexuality
1(n), 2, 3, 5, 10, 11–12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21–22, 26, 29, 33, 34–35, 36–42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50–51, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64–65, 66–67, 69, 70, 71–73, 74, 76, 77(n), 78, 83, 90, 91, 92, 99, 104, 101, 103–104, 107(n), 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119, 121, 123, 127, 131, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151–152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160–161, 162, 165–166, 167, 169(n), 170, 171, 172, 175, 177–178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186–187, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 220, 202, 206(n), 207–208, 213, 215, 216, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 234, 239, 241, 248, 252
discrimination against
16, 21, 26, 32, 34–37, 38–42, 45, 60, 74, 112, 165, 176, 242–243
anti-discrimination legislation. (See also Equality Acts)
5, 7, 59, 61, 74–97, 88, 91, 93(n), 121, 150, 174, 138, 177
pathologising of
3, 59(n), 100–101, 138, 141, 152, 174, 177, 179, 238
homophobia
26, 60, 128, 144, 161, 167, 202, 220, 222(n), 227(n), 249
House Church (Restorationist) Movement
108, 128
human rights
21(n), 26, 28, 62, 71, 74, 93, 100, 110, 117, 176, 225, 226, 227
Ichthus Fellowship
128
International Lesbian, Bi-Sexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA)
113
intersex
1, 7, 35–36, 167(n), 211
Islam
119
Jews
2, 11, 21, 37, 45, 69, 77, 115, 247
Judaism
2, 3, 5, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21–22, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42–43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 84, 119, 130, 199, 205, 220, 225
Keswick Convention
108
Kinsey Institute
100
Labour Party (British)
59, 65, 75–76, 76, 80, 91, 121, 122
Lang, Archbishop
151
Lavender (lesbian group)
103
lesbians/lesbianism
1(n), 3, 20, 36, 46–48, 56, 60, 71, 76, 83, 85, 90, 92, 94, 102, 103, 104, 110, 112, 123, 131, 135, 141, 144, 154, 155, 156, 165–166, 170, 171, 177, 183, 186–187, 201, 206, 208, 212, 213, 221, 222, 227, 230, 239, 248, 254
theology
222
Lesbian and Gay Christan Evangelical Fellowship
213
Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement
102, 131, 136, 151, 154, 155, 174, 184, 185, 226, 227
LGBT
7, 90, 92, 96, 101, 109, 163, 168, 181, 189, 198, 147, 174, 181, 183, 189, 192, 198, 201–202, 204, 207, 210–211, 212, 217, 220, 237
activism
6, 7, 107, 71, 98, 125, 205–206, 216, 125, 223, 236, 248
Christians
125, 167, 205, 209, 211–214, 215, 226, 234, 249
in the churches
1, 6, 206, 215–216, 219, 248
rights
3, 6, 7, 74–75, 82, 99, 100, 109–110, 111, 112, 116, 123, 125, 127, 137, 141, 142, 173–174, 145, 163–164, 174–175, 204, 205, 209, 228, 243
theology
215–225, 228, 237
liberal Christianity
2, 29, 32, 33, 50, 51, 83, 126, 130, 131, 149, 150, 151–152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 172, 174, 183, 197, 204, 205, 207–209, 216, 218–219, 220, 229, 232, 240, 241, 242, 248, 251, 253
liberalism
4, 5, 18–22, 25, 29, 57, 61, 63, 64, 67, 74, 83, 94, 111, 115–116, 122, 183, 190(n), 205, 223, 226
Longford, Lord
75, 105
Luther, Martin
18
March For Jesus
109
Majority World
6, 10, 149, 160, 229, 230–231, 232, 252
marriage, same-sex
1, 5, 26, 77–83, 86, 110, 112, 113, 134, 142, 150, 160, 162–163, 164–165, 168–169, 171, 174, 181, 187–188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 198, 199, 206(n), 207, 208, 249
Marxism
57, 244, 245
neo-
244, 245
Mattachine Society
101
Methodism
107, 203, 248, 249
Methodist Church of Great Britain
83, 183–189, 190, 197
Middle Ages
15, 16–17, 21, 26, 27–28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46–47, 48, 49, 235
military, LGBT in
66, 74, 90–91, 100
Millennial Generation
243
moral majority
130
moral panics
98, 103, 129
Movement for Christian Democracy
146
multi-faith society
77, 200
Muslims. (See also Islam)
21, 37, 77, 115, 200
National Association of Catholic Diocesan Lesbian & Gay Ministry
212–213
National Festival of Light
75, 105–109, 111, 116–117, 123, 125, 132, 153, 253
National Viewers & Listeners Association
130
Network of Affirming Baptists
214
New Frontiers International
128
New Left
102, 244
New Testament
11, 14, 32, 33, 46, 47, 174, 195, 199, 253
New Way ministry (Roman Catholic)
1(n), 182
Northern Ireland (Ulster)
60, 68–72, 77, 78, 81, 86, 88, 91, 111, 116, 144
Gay Rights Association
69
Oasis Trust
191
OneBodyOneFaith (previously Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement)
136, 138, 139, 141, 209, 209–211, 217–218, 226–227, 248, 299
Old Testament
11, 32, 34, 37, 45, 46, 67, 99, 129, 195, 199
Orthodox Christianity
30
Outrage!
75
Pentecostal
106, 108, 128, 129, 130, 131–132, 179, 198, 200–201, 204, 206(n), 239
neo-. (See also Charismatic Movement)
128–129
permissiveness
1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 14, 18–22, 23, 24–25, 31, 61–68, 72–73, 99, 105, 108, 125, 130, 136, 145, 149, 205, 240, 252
political elites
6, 26, 28, 61–62, 72, 74, 99, 125, 197, 245
post-Christian society
7, 10–11, 22, 73, 76–77, 96–97, 98, 197, 233, 251, 252
Presbyterian
69, 194
Protestantism
7, 18, 19, 20, 30–31, 34, 44–45, 57, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 111, 112–113, 125–126, 128, 131, 159, 173–174, 177, 182, 195, 200, 203, 206, 207, 208, 211, 218
churches
7, 20, 44–45, 69, 73
Reformation
17–18, 32, 34
counter-
32
puritanism
10, 16, 17–18, 19, 57, 127
Quaker (Society of Friends)
2, 83, 207–208, 236, 248
Quaker Lesbian and Gay Fellowship
248
queer
1, 7, 14, 225–225, 228
theology
222–225, 228
Radical Faeries
103
Ramsay, Michael (Archbishop)
152
Reform group (Anglican)
136–137, 154–155
religious conscience
89–90, 91–92
‘exemptions’
115–117
religious rights
5–6, 89, 93–94, 95–96, 122–123, 131, 143
reproduction, human
9, 10, 31, 42, 45, 85–86, 100, 142, 144, 175, 176(n), 236
Republic of Ireland
87–88, 112, 113
reverse mission
232
Roman Catholicism
1(n), 10, 11, 13, 15–17, 18, 20, 30, 32, 34, 37, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 48, 69, 71, 76, 77, 80, 83, 87–88, 89, 106, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 120, 125–126, 128, 142, 174–183, 211, 212–213, 214, 217, 218, 247
in Britain
76, 177–179
theology on homosexuality
174–175, 180
Salvation Army
106, 107
Scottish Episcopal Church
160
Scottish Family Party
146
sectarianism
15, 46, 69, 71, 113, 233, 251
Section 28 (Local Government Act)
114–115
secularisation
3, 4, 5, 6, 18–19, 20, 22–29, 31, 32, 51, 63, 66, 68, 69, 71–72, 73, 79, 115, 123, 148, 174, 205, 215, 233–242, 246, 251
defined
5, 22–23, 232–241
sex education
1, 60, 114, 123, 133, 135, 144, 168, 170, 242
sexual abuse, by clergy
110–111
sexual liberation
19–20
sexual revolution
20, 22–23, 25–26
sexual rights. (See also LGBT rights)
2, 3–4, 6, 7, 133, 26, 93–94, 115–116, 123, 146
sexuality
20, 33, 150, 152, 155, 159, 161, 163, 168, 174, 186, 188, 190, 198, 201, 203, 205, 210, 215, 220, 223, 224, 229, 240, 251
anthropology of
9, 44
cultural perceptions of
3, 4, 5, 7, 9–10, 12, 19, 20–23, 25, 26(n), 27, 28, 32, 33, 37, 241
public opinion of
73, 101, 104, 109–111, 138. 206(n)
science of
3, 20, 29, 24, 101, 144, 215
sexualisation of society
3, 5, 25, 31, 241
Scottish Episcopal Church
158
Sibyls, The
211(n)
Sikhs
77, 115
social gospel
29
Stonewall
85, 101, 104(n), 120, 170
riots
101–102
Tatchell, Peter
104(n), 107, 128
theology
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 16(n), 21, 32–51, 59, 101, 125, 149(n),150, 152, 154, 155, 160, 171, 174, 175, 176, 190, 197, 205, 216–217, 223, 218–227, 227
conservative
3, 14, 29–30, 251
liberal
1, 3, 14, 29–30, 49, 180, 215, 225
liberation
224, 225
and rights
225–226
transgender/sexuality
1, 3, 7(n), 10, 20, 46–47, 48–50, 60, 71, 74, 77(n), 85, 87, 92, 104(n), 112, 133, 135, 141, 144, 165–166, 170, 182, 201, 203, 211(n), 213, 217, 225, 227, 245, 254
activism
7
discrimination against
46–47
pathologising of
86
rights
5, 74, 86–88
theology
222–225
transvestitism
43, 45, 49
Unitarian Church
83
United Reform Church
194–198, 250
utilitarianism
2, 24, 26, 29, 61–68, 73, 74, 83, 98, 126, 147, 138, 209, 234, 241
Universal Metropolitan Community Church
206, 220, 225–226
Vatican II
174–175, 212
Victorian era
19–20
Welby, Justin (Archbishop)
162, 165, 167, 169, 168, 170–171, 182
Westboro Baptist Church
214
Whitehouse, Mary
105, 107
Williams, Rowlan (Archbishop)
155, 156, 157, 158, 160
woke
7, 184, 243
criticism of
243(n), 246
underpinning philosophy
243–245
Wolfenden Report
58–60, 148, 150, 151, 184
Women’s liberation movement
64