The system of transliteration used in this book follows a modified version of that employed by the International Journal of Middle East Studies. For Persian short vowels, o and e are used in place of u and i, respectively. Additionally, the final h in words—when it is not pronounced—is omitted. Proper names of people, places, etc., which are already judged to be written in English (including those appearing in locally used Latin-alphabet forms), do not adhere to this transliteration system and are not italicized. In such cases, the character ʿ is not used, even if it appears in standard transliterations (e.g., ʿāshūrā, ʿarab), in order to maintain consistency.
In: Ashura as Submission and Rebellion
Author:
Kenichi Tani
Kenichi Tani
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