Index
ADGB union federation (Germany)
129, 133, 135, 136
Adi, Hakim
228
Adler, Alan
5
African Blood Brotherhood (ABB)
38, 224â5, 226, 227
Agnew, Jeremy
230
Alpári, Gyula
89
Amsterdam bureau
45â6
Amsterdam International (International Federation of Trade Unions, IFTU)
57, 63, 184, 185â6, 198
anarchism
12
anarcho-syndicalists
44, 51, 183
anti-imperialist united front
131, 234â5, 282â3, 295
Appel, Jan (Hempel)
163, 242, 243
Arditi del Popolo
86, 211â12, 214, 232
Armand, Inessa
22
Artous, Antoine
265
auxiliary organisations
181â209
for colonial freedom
207â8
Communist Womenâs Movement
124, 166â80, 261
Communist Youth International
123, 186â9, 261
cooperative division
195â9
International Red Aid
192â4
International Workersâ Aid
123, 139, 170, 189â92, 193, 238â9, 294
Peasant International
201â7
Red International of Labour Unions
122, 182â6, 318
Red Sports International
199â201
Babayev
77
Baku Congress (1920)
66â81
agrarian theses of
203â4
Council for Propaganda and Action
79, 207â8
delegates
66, 74â5, 76
and British imperialism
75â6, 79, 80â1
legacy
80
women at
77â8, 172
Bakunin, Mikhail
11, 12
Balabanova, Angelica
45
Barbusse, Henri
191, 218
Barnett, Eugene
193â4
Barth, Emil
135
Bavarian soviet republic
43
Bayerlein, Bernhard
312
Bebel, August
16
Becker, Karl
216
Bensaïd, Daniel
250, 264â71
Bergmann (Fritz Meyer)
163
Berkman, Alexander
122
Bern conferences (1915)
22â3
Bernstein, Eduard
14, 67
Bigot, Marthe
169
Birchall, Ian
118
Black liberation
38, 222â9
Fourth Congress on
225â7, 228
Blanc, Eric
284
Blanqui, August
127
âbloc from withinâ
272â83
Blum, Léon
253
Bolshevik Party
22, 147â8, 150â1
See also Communist Party (Russia)
âBolshevisationâ
316
Bordiga, Amadeo
58, 83, 84, 86, 213, 214, 253
Boudengha, Tahar
72â3, 234, 246, 280
Brandler, Heinrich
94, 96, 115, 236
and German October
306, 310, 312
Braun, M.J. (MieczysÅaw BroÅski)
48, 130
Braunthal, Bertha
169
Briggs, Cyril
222, 224â5, 227
British imperialism
75â6, 79, 80â1
British Labour Party
59, 131, 230, 233, 254, 293
Broué, Pierre
96, 115, 303, 304, 309
Bukharin, Nikolai
45, 92, 207, 240, 248â9, 316
on centralism
159, 298
at First Congress
32, 35â6
on Italy and fascism
212, 214, 231
on Soviet Russia
242, 246, 248
and Third Congress debate
101, 108, 111
on transitional demands
142, 232
on united front
93, 141
Bulgaria
192
1923 coup
161â2, 205, 300â1
Burian, Edmund
111â12
Cachin, Marcel
55, 87
campaign party
154â5, 157
Canada
285â8
Cannon, James P.
224
on Comintern functioning
164, 316â17
on International Labor Defense
193â4
on socialism and democracy
288â9, 290â1
Carr, E.H.
66, 307â8, 309
on auxiliary organisations
181, 182â3, 191, 199, 202
centralism
156â65
Conditions of Admission on
64, 149â50
Fourth Congress report on
159â60
Lenin on
147â8, 149
organisational theses on
152â3
in pre-1917 Bolshevik Party
147â8
Second International and
20â1
Third ECCI plenum on
160â2, 298â9
CGTU (Unitary General Confederation of Labour, France)
183, 185
Chen Duxiu
279, 281â2
Chicherin, Georgy
29, 32, 35, 276, 306
China
207, 273, 281, 318
CCP-Guomindang alliance in
277, 278â9, 280â2, 296
ECCI decision on
280â1, 296
Fourth Congress discussion on
278â80
Shanghai Incident
190
Chisholm, Stanley
286â7
Cliff, Tony
230
CNT (National Confederation of Labour, Spain)
183
Cohen, Stephen F.
35â6
Colliard, Lucie
124, 169
colonial and semicolonial countries
anti-imperialist united front
234â5, 282â3
and âbloc from withinâ
272â83
bourgeoisie in
71â2, 278, 281â2
Conditions of Admission on
62â3
First Congress on
36â9
Fourth Congress on
72â3, 234â5, 272â3, 275â6
International Workersâ Aid and
190â1
national-revolutionary movements in
70, 234, 262, 272, 277, 278, 280, 318
Russian Revolutionâs impact on
68â9
Second Congress on
70â1, 131, 223â4, 228, 272
Second International and
16â17, 66â8
Third Congress on
37, 273â4, 276
See also Baku Congress
Comintern/party relations
centre/base interaction
235â6
national party autonomy
151, 160, 161, 230, 283, 299â300
party initiatives
230â6
Stalinism and
316â17
united front policy and
144â5
Comintern Publishing Project
1â3, 6â9, 181
goals and policies, viiâviii
4, 5â6
Communist International
3
Communist International (Comintern)
centralism
148â51, 156â65, 298â9
conditions for admission
54â6, 60â5, 83â4, 157â8
documentary collections about
4â5
Eastern Department
69
legacy
1, 2â3, 319â21
regional bureaus
45â6
Soviet Russia interests and
143â4, 163, 248
Stalinist degeneration
3, 163, 298, 316â17
âin vogueâ
53
See also Comintern/party relations
Communist International congresses
First Congress (1919)
28â9, 31â42, 148
Bukharinâs Platform
35â6
on colonial freedom struggle
36â9
founding Comintern
39â40
Lenin assessment
41â2
manifesto
37, 38â9
national reports
32â3
resolution on women
41, 167
Second Congress (1920)
49â60, 82, 203, 238
agrarian theses
203
colonialism discussion
70â1, 131, 223â4, 228, 272
Conditions for Admission
54â6, 60â5
delegates
50â2
and international centralism
148â50
trade-union debate
56â8, 183â4
Third Congress (1921)
103â26
balance sheet of
125â6
colonialism point
37, 273â4, 276
compromise outcome
118â21
Czechoslovak CP debated
111â12
ECCI accountability and
111, 119, 120â1, 125
French CP debated
112â13
front-line partiesâ influence at
230
Italy debate
109â10
Leninâs role
104â5
March Action debate
103â4, 110â11
organisation theses
124â5, 151â5, 156
Russian delegation
108â9, 120
Soviet Russia debate
122â3, 242â4, 260
trade-union debate
122
on transitional demands
115, 232
Trotskyâs role
101â2, 105, 108, 109, 116
world economic crisis report
114â15
Zetkinâs role
104, 106â7, 110
Zinovievâs shifts at
101, 105â6, 108â9, 116
Fourth Congress (1922)
agrarian action programme
204
on anti-imperialist united front
234â5, 295
on Black question
225â7, 228
China discussion
278â80
colonialism discussion
72â3, 234â5, 272â3, 275â6
on cooperatives
196â7
fascism discussion
214â15, 217â18, 231â2
front-line partiesâ influence
230, 231â2
on international centralism
158â9
International Red Aid established
192, 194
International Workers Aid established
238â9, 294
on Soviet Russia
244â6, 247â8
on transitional demands
232â3
united-front discussion
262, 295
on workersâ government
233â4, 252â7, 295
Fifth Congress (1924)
165, 220, 275, 313, 314â16, 317
Sixth Congress (1928)
185, 206, 318
Seventh Congress (1935)
185, 191, 209, 221, 318
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels)
1, 10, 79
strategy of
264â5
Communist parties
campaigns of
154â5, 157
and Twenty-one Conditions
54â6, 60â5, 83â4, 157â8
national autonomy
151, 160, 161, 230, 283, 299â300
political initiatives by
230â6
See also Comintern/party relations
Communist Party (Britain)
275â6
Communist Party (Bulgaria)
216, 300â1
Communist Party (China, CCP)
273
and Guomindang
277, 278â9, 280â2, 296
Communist Party (Czechoslovakia)
87â9, 111â12
Communist Party (France)
87, 112â13, 157â8
Communist Party (Germany, KPD, VKPD)
44, 45â6, 92â4, 192, 217
agrarian programme
202â3
and Comintern strategy
230â2
and fascism
215â16, 220
Fischer-Maslow faction
93, 96, 138, 303, 310, 312
and German October
302, 305, 306â13
and Kapp Putsch
47, 49
and March Action
96â8, 99â100, 114â15
united-front moves
91, 132â7, 138â9
USPD majority fusion with
89â90
workersâ government controversy
48â9, 129â30, 139â40, 250â2, 255â6
Communist Party (Hungary)
61, 128â9
Communist Party (Iran)
51
Communist Party (Italy, PCI)
85â6, 109â10, 210â12
and fusion proposal with SP
161, 213â14, 218, 299
Communist Party (Poland)
192
Communist Party (Russia)
306, 311
ban on factions
317
Comintern discussion of
122â3, 244â6, 247â8
and Third Congress struggle
108â9, 120
See also Bolshevik Party; Soviet Russia
Communist Party (United States)
164, 224â5, 226
Communist Womenâs Movement (CWM)
51, 124, 166â80, 261, 298
CP womenâs departments
168, 169, 171, 172â3, 175
decline and dissolution
179
First International Conference
168
global campaigns
170, 172â3
International Womenâs Secretariat
167, 169, 170
legacy
179â80
Lenin on need for
167â8
programme
173â4
Second International Conference
168â9
and sexism
171â2, 178
struggles for womenâs rights by
172, 174â5
tasks and goals
168â9, 170â1
Communist Youth International (CYI, KIM)
123, 186â9, 261
Conditions for Admission to the Communist International. See Twenty-One Conditions for Admission
Conference of the Three Internationals (1922)
158â9, 240â1, 295
Congress of Toilers of the Far East (1922)
277â8
cooperatives
124, 195â9
Cortesi, Luigi
126
Council for Propaganda and Action
79, 207â8
Crispien, Artur
56
The Crusader
222, 224
Cuno, Wilhelm
306
Czechoslovakia
43, 46, 87â9
DÄ
bal, Tomasz
206
Däumig, Ernst
56
Debs, Eugene V.
31, 224
defensive formulations
291
Degras, Jane
democracy, party
146, 150â1, 152â4, 165
democratic centralism
Bolsheviks and
147â8
Comintern and
150, 152, 155, 162, 165
Conditions of Admission on
63, 149â50
See also centralism
democratic rights
capitalist attacks on
285â8
Lenin on
217â18
socialists and
284â5, 288â90
dictatorship of the proletariat
36, 57, 61, 90, 247â8
Bensaïd on dropping term
269
Lenin on
33â4, 39, 41â2
transitional demands and
115, 134, 232
women and
167â8, 176
workersâ government and
233, 251â3, 256
Dimitrov, Georgi
186, 221
discipline, party
100, 146, 149, 160
Dissmann, Robert
133
Dittmann, Wilhelm
56
Domingo, W.A.
222â3
Eberlein, Hugo
90, 94, 97, 159â60
at First Congress
30, 32, 34, 35, 39â40
ECCI (Executive Committee of the Communist International)
112â13, 212â13
binding decisions
55, 64, 149â50
on China
280â1, 296
cooptation to
104
establishment of
41
lack of acountability
111, 119, 120â1, 300â1
mixed record
145
Zetkin on
119, 120, 162â3, 235â6
ECCI emissaries
89, 159
at Livorno Congress
85, 93
during March Action
94â6, 97, 100, 111
Third Congress and
111, 119, 120â1, 125
Zinoviev on
94, 95, 125
ECCI enlarged plenums
292
First (FebruaryâMarch 1922)
298
debate on united front
143â4, 292â3, 294â5
Second (June 1922)
252
Third (June 1923)
Bulgaria report
300â1
centralism discussion
160â2, 298â9
fascism discussion
197â8, 217, 218â20, 297, 304
Italy discussion
299
on united front
296â7
on womenâs movement
298
on workersâ and peasantsâ government
205, 297
Einstein, Albert
191
Engels, Frederick
10, 12, 20, 242
Communist Manifesto
1, 10, 264â5
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
195
Enver Pasha
76
Erzberger, Matthias
138
factions and tendencies
149, 156â7, 317
fascism
191, 210â21, 304
Arditi del Popolo and
86, 211â12, 214, 232
Bordiga on
86, 213, 214
Fourth Congress discussion
214â15, 217â18
front-line partiesâ role
231â2
Italian fight against
86, 211â12
Radekâs âSchlageter speechâ
297, 304
united fronts against
216, 297
victory of in Italy
86, 210â13, 215
Zetkin report on
217, 218â20, 297, 304
Zinoviev on
214, 215, 216, 217, 231â2, 315
Fayet, Jean-François
235
feminism
177â8
Fidler, Richard
285, 287
Fineberg, Joseph
35
Firsov, F.I.
306
First International (International Workingmenâs Association)
10â11, 21, 127
Fischer, Ruth
93, 96, 105, 138, 217, 303, 312
on workersâ government
233, 252, 255
Ford, James W.
227
Fort-Whiteman, Lovett
227
Fraina, Ludwig
58
France
43, 253â4
France, Anatole
191
French Socialist Party
44, 46, 54, 87
Freylikh, Moshe
33
Friesland, Ernst (Reuter)
93, 96, 106, 119
Frölich, Paul
90, 96, 97, 117
Frossard, Louis-Oscar
55, 87, 113, 253
Fuchs, Eduard
28, 30
Garvey, Marcus
222, 227
Geier, Joel
316
general strike
during Kapp Putsch
47, 129
Second International debate on
12â13
as strategy
268â9
Gennari, Egidio
109
Genoa Conference (1922)
143
German October (1923)
302â13
Hamburg uprising
308â9
impact of defeat
310â11
Saxony government entry
306â8
Germany
Bavarian soviet republic
43
counterrevolutionary terror
30, 34
fascist danger
215â16, 220, 304, 318
Kapp Putsch
46â7, 49, 82, 129â30, 250, 262
March Action
91â102
October 1923 events
302â13
revolution of 1918
27
Ruhr occupation
302â3
social crisis
43, 303â6
united-front action
129â30, 132â3, 138â9, 294
See also Communist Party (Germany)
Geyer, Curt
94
Goldbach, Marie-Luise
96
Goldman, Emma
122
Gramsci, Antonio
84, 89, 215, 218, 268
Graziadei, Antonio
84, 85, 255
Grimlund, Otto
39, 40
Grimm, Robert
23â4
Gruber, Helmut
4
Gruber, I. See Steinhardt, Karl
Grün, Josef
159
Guomindang (Kuomintang)
206, 276
CCP and
277, 278â9, 280â2, 296
Gupta, Sobhanlal Datta
38, 275â6
Guralsky, August
94, 97
Hallas, Duncan
230
Hammer, Julius
17
Hanum, Najiye
77
Haywood, Big Bill
193
Heckert, Fritz
107, 119, 122, 236
Hilferding, Rudolf
62
Hillquit, Morris
17, 62
Hobsbawm, Eric
7
Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc)
208, 275
Hoelz, Max
97
Hoernle, Edwin
132, 216, 236
Hoover, Herbert
239
Hörsing, Otto
96, 97, 101
Huiswoud, Otto
225, 226, 227
Humbert-Droz, Jules
103, 158
Hungarian soviet republic
43, 61, 128â9
immigration
17
Indonesia (Dutch East Indies)
272â3, 283
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
117, 183
International Cooperative Alliance (ICA)
195, 196, 198
International Council of Trade and Industrial Unions (ICTIU)
57, 59, 184
See also Red International of Labour Unions
International Labor Defense (ILD)
193â4
International Red Aid (MOPR)
192â4
International Trade Union Committee for Negro Workers (ITUCNW)
227â8
International Womenâs Day
170, 298
International Womenâs Secretariat (IWS)
167, 169, 170
International Workersâ Aid (MRP, IWA)
189â92
achievements
189â90, 191
anti-imperialist unity and
190â1
CWM support for
170
dissolution of
191â2
founded
123, 139, 192â3, 194, 238â9
as united front
190, 192, 294
Italian Socialist Party (PSI)
22, 44, 83â4, 211
Livorno Congress and split
84â6, 93, 94
search for PCI unity with
161, 213â14, 299
Third Congress debate on
109â10
Italy
fascist victory in
86, 210â13, 215
occupation of factories in
83
See also Communist Party (Italy)
Jaurès, Jean
15â16
Jogiches, Leo
44
Jugend-Internationale
23, 186
Julien, Charles-André
274
Kabakchiev, Khristo
85
Kamenev, Lev
32, 108, 281
KAPD (Communist Workers Party of Germany)
93, 97, 98, 117, 123, 243
Kapp, Wolfgang
47, 129, 250
Kapp Putsch (Germany
1920), 46â7, 82, 129, 250
and workersâ government proposal
48â9, 129â30, 250â2
workersâ unity against
47, 49, 129â30, 262
Kascher, Leonie
33
Kasparova, Varsenika
78, 169, 246
Katayama, Sen
31, 225
Kato Tokijiro
17
Kautsky, Karl
14, 16â17, 55, 62
Kemal, Mustafa (Atatürk)
76, 81
Khinchuk, L.M.
246
Koch-Baumgarten, Sigrid
94â5
Koenen, Wilhelm
116
Koestler, Arthur
191
Kolarov, Vasil
156, 254, 274, 301
Kollontai, Alexandra
22, 32, 163
and Communist Womenâs Movement
124, 167, 168â9, 176â7, 298
First Congress resolution by
41, 167
and Workersâ Opposition
123, 242, 243
Kollwitz, Käthe
191
Kommunismus
92
Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
168, 169
Die Kommunistische Internationale
274
Kouyaté, Tiemoko Garan
227
Krestintern (Peasant International)
201â7
capitalist agrarian parties and
206
Trotsky critique of
207
Krever, Horace
286â7
Krupskaya, Nadezhda
246
Kun, Béla
89, 130, 236
Lenin criticisms of
101, 107â8
and March Action
94, 95â6, 97, 100, 101
at Third Congress
107â8, 113
Kuusinen, Aino
169
Kuusinen, Otto
125, 151
La Guma, James
227
Landler, JenÅ
122
Laporte, Maurice
113
La Via Campesina
202, 207, 261
League Against Imperialism
190, 208
League for Socialist Action (LSA, Canada)
284, 285â6
Le Blanc, Paul
151â4
Left Socialist Revolutionary Party (Russia)
204â5, 255
Left Socialists (Czechoslovakia)
46
Legien, Carl
48, 129, 250
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
agrarian theses of
203
on Black struggle
223â4, 228
on British Labour Party
59, 131, 254
on colonial question
68, 70â2, 78â9, 228
and Comintern founding
10, 28, 32, 33â4, 35, 39, 41â2, 43
on Conference of the Three Internationals
240â1, 295
and democratic centralism
147â8, 149
on democratic rights
218
illness and death
248
on Italy
109, 218
Kun criticised by
101, 107â8
âLeft-Wingâ Communism
46, 49, 59, 92, 131, 149, 252, 254
on Levi
101, 105
on March Action
101, 108
on organisational resolution
156
Radek criticised by
120, 138
at Second Congress
51, 54â5, 58, 70â2
in Second International
15â16, 17
on Soviet Russia
78, 122â3, 242â3, 244â6
as strategist
266â7
on Third Congress compromise
118â19
and Third Congress struggle
101â2, 104â5, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 116â17
and âTwenty-One Conditionsâ
54â5, 60â5
on united front
93, 293
on womenâs movement
167â8, 173
on workersâ government
48â9, 130, 252
on youth independence
186â7
Zetkin and
101, 118â19, 156, 167â8, 173
Levi, Paul
85, 87, 93, 94, 95, 184
Lenin and
101, 105
March Action condemned by
100, 101
Radek and
90, 235
Third Congress and
107, 114
united-front perspective of
91, 134, 236
Liebknecht, Karl
22, 24, 30, 34, 44, 132
Lih, Lars
147â8, 290
Lincoln, Abraham
289
Liu Renjing
278, 280
Livorno Congress (PSI
1921), 84â6, 93, 94
Longuet, Jean
55, 62
Loriot, Fernand
114, 120
Lucerne International
200, 201
Lüttwitz, Walther von
129
Luxemburg, Rosa
15â16, 246n24, 266
murder of
30, 34, 44
The Russian Revolution
202, 247
MacDonald, Ramsay
62
Malm, Hanna
169
Malzahn, Heinrich
98, 114
Mann, Heinrich and Thomas
191
Marabini, Anselmo
84
March Action (Germany
1921), 91â102
ECCI emissaries in
94â6, 97, 100, 111
ECCI reaction to
100â2
events
96â8
legacy
99â100
Radek and
94â5, 101, 119
Third Congress debate on
103â4, 110â11, 114â15
Zetkin and
95, 99â100, 116, 119
Zinoviev and
94, 95
Marchlewski, Julian
83
Mariátegui, José Carlos
73
Maring (Henk Sneevliet)
272, 273, 276, 278, 281
MarkoviÄ, Sima
120
Marx, Karl
1, 10, 11, 21, 264â5
Maslow, Arkadi
93, 96, 138, 233, 252, 303, 312
May Day
13
McDermott, Kevin
230
McDonald, D.M.
287
McKay, Claude
38, 223, 224, 225â6, 227
Melcher, Erich
132, 236
Meshcheriakov, Nikolai
196â7
Meyer, Ernst
90, 94, 97, 160, 236, 252, 253, 254
Millerand, Alexandre
14
Misiano, Francesco
212
Modigliani, Giuseppe
62
Mongolia
273
Montefiore, Dora
169
Munis, Grandizo
290
Münzenberg, Willi
157, 191
and International Workersâ Aid
123, 189â90, 191, 208, 239, 294
as youth leader
23, 123, 186, 187
Murphy, John
53
Mussolini, Benito
86, 210, 213, 218, 231
Narbutabekov, Tashpolad
78
Narimanov, Nariman
74â5
Neumann, Paul
114, 116
New Economic Policy (NEP)
103, 260
Third Congress debate on
242â4
Fourth Congress debate on
244â6
Nikolaeva, Klavdiia
169
Norwegian Labour Party
46, 158, 160â1, 298â9
Noske, Gustav
215
Obolensky, Valerian (N. Osinski)
40
Ãngören, Ä°brahim Tali
76
Open Letter (Germany
1921), 91, 133â7
ECCI debate over
92â3
Lenin support for
93
Radek and
91, 93, 106, 134, 235
Third Congress endorsement of
125
Osinsky, Nikolai
204
Owen, Robert
195
Padmore, George
227
Palmer, Bryan
193
Pannekoek, Anton
266
Pantsov, Alexander
278â9
parliamentarism
58â9
party organisation
146â55
Bolsheviksâ experience
147â8
campaign party
154â5, 157
democracy in
146, 150â1, 152â4, 165
involvement in daily struggles
152
leadership authority
151â2
Third Congress theses on
124â5, 151â5, 156
See also Communist parties
Patterson, Wallace I.
227
Peasant International. See Krestintern
peasants and farmers
62, 202â4, 261
Petroff, Peter
75
Platten, Fritz
33, 35, 39, 40, 41
Podvoisky, Nikolai
199
Pogány, Jószef (John Pepper)
94, 97, 121
Polish-Soviet War
83, 131, 238
popular frontism
185, 201, 208, 221, 318
Profintern. See Red International of Labour Unions
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
127
Pyatakov, Georgy
306
Quelch, Thomas
75
Radek, Karl
24, 52, 68, 90, 94, 104, 208, 217, 240, 241â42, 300, 305, 306
ambiguous role of
92, 235
on China
278â9, 280
on Eastern question discussion
234â5, 275
on fascism
215, 297, 304
on Hungary
128â9
and KPD Open Letter
91, 93, 106, 134, 235
Left Opposition supporter
311, 312, 316
Lenin criticisms of
120, 138
on Livorno Congress
85, 94
and March Action
94â5, 101, 119
role at Third Congress
106, 108â9
on transitional demands
114â15, 142, 303
on united front
72, 296â7, 303, 316
on workersâ government
48, 130, 139, 233, 252, 253
RadiÄ, Stjepan
206
Rákosi, Mátyás
85, 89, 93, 120, 129, 212
Rakovsky, Christian
35, 39, 40, 45, 109
Ransome, Arthur
35
Rathenau, Walter
217
Ravera, Camilla
217â18
Red International of Labour Unions (RILU)
122, 182â6, 198, 318
Red Sports International (RSI, Sportintern)
199â201
Reed, John
58, 75, 223â4
Reich, Iakov (âThomasâ)
45
Reiland, Edy
113
Remmele, Hermann
308
Riehs, Jakob
122
Roland-Holst, Henriette
163, 169
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
221
Rosmer, Alfred
113, 122
Die Rote Fahne
47, 138â9, 305
and March Action
96â8, 119
united-front line of
134, 135, 138, 139
Roy, M.N.
51, 68, 70, 71, 230, 234, 274
Roze-Skoblevsky, Grigorii (Shklovsky)
308, 309
Russian Revolution
in 1917
26â7, 293
pre-1917 debate over
266â7
world impact of
27â8, 68â9
See also Soviet Russia
Rutgers, Sebald Justinus
36â7, 45
Ryskulov, Turar
78
Sacco, Nicola
192, 194
Sachs
98
Sadoul, Jacques
35
Safarov, G.I.
234, 277â8
Sarekat Islam
272â3
Schlageter, Albert Leo
297, 304
Schwab, Alexander
242, 243
Second International
11â21
betrayal of 1914
21, 29, 146
colonialism debate
16â17, 66â8
Comintern auxiliaries arising from
166, 186
cooperatives resolution
195â6
early debates
12â14
founding
11â12
post-1919 rebirth
28, 158, 240â1, 295
resolutions
18â19, 21
socialist womenâs movement and
22, 166, 169
strengths and accomplishments
19â20
Stuttgart Congress of
15â18, 67
weaknesses
20â1
Senghor, Lamine
227
Serge, Victor
103, 107â8, 122
Serrati, Giacinto
56, 84, 85, 110, 213
Shabanova-Karayeva, Khaver
77
Sheppard, Barry
2
Sirola, Yrjó
40
Skrypnik, Mikola
35
Å meral, Bohumir
88, 89, 111â12, 216, 232
Smidovich, Sofia
246
Smirnov, A.P.
206
Smythe, Norah
124
Social-Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
13, 34, 47, 133, 135, 136, 202
social hegemony
261
Socialist womenâs movement
22, 166, 169
Socialist Youth International
23, 44
Souvarine, Boris
120, 122, 316
soviet power
28â9, 44, 259, 262
Soviet Russia
BolshevikâLeft SR government in
204â5, 255
Comintern interests and
143â4, 163, 248
cooperatives in
196â7
Eastern peoples within
68â9, 73â5, 78
famine in
123, 143, 172, 182, 189â90, 238
Fourth Congress discussion of
244â6, 247â8
international solidarity with
83, 131, 237â9
Lenin on
78, 122â3, 242â3, 244â6
New Economic Policy
103, 242â6, 260
Third Congress discussion of
122â3, 242â4, 260
trial of SR members
240â1
Trotsky on
123, 163, 242, 244, 245, 248
Zetkin on
72, 244, 245, 246, 247â9, 260
Spanish Civil War
199, 318
Spartacus League
28, 29
Spartakiades
200â1
Stalin, Joseph
32, 220, 228, 249, 281, 311, 317
on Germany
305, 306, 311, 312
Stalinism
3, 220, 248â9, 268, 314â18
Stasova, Elena
193
Steinhardt, Karl (Gruber)
35, 39, 40
Stern, Victor
216
Stoecker, Walter
56
Stokes, Rose Pastor
226
strategy
Bensaïd on shape of
264â71
Comintern as school of
126, 259â71
definition
259, 265â6
Lenin and
266â7
Marx and Engels on
264â5
party-building
83, 260
and struggles by the oppressed
229, 282â3
united front as
267â8
validity of revolutionary
269â71
Stresemann, Gustav
306, 310
Studer, Brigitte
201n52
Sturm, Hertha
169
Sun Yatsen
273, 276, 277, 281, 296
Tan Malaka, Ibrahim Datoek
234, 272â3
Tanner, Jack
183
Tatu, Bulach
77
Tennenbaum, Edda
169
Teodorovich, Ivan
246
Terracini, Umberto
84, 115â16
Thalheimer, August
90, 94, 99, 107, 232â3, 236, 294, 310
âTheory of the Offensiveâ
94, 103, 105, 115, 118â19, 136, 138
and March Action
99â100, 102
âThird Periodâ
220, 221, 318
Thompson, E.P.
7
trade unions
18, 63, 122
Second Congress debate on
56â8, 183â4
See also Amsterdam International; Red International of Labour Unions
transitional demands
115, 232â3, 263
Bukharin on
142, 232
proletarian dictatorship and
115, 134, 232
Radek on
114â15, 142, 303
Thalheimer on
232â3
Trotsky on
232
Trotsky, Leon
23, 25, 29, 32, 37, 68, 109, 220, 226, 256, 296
on coalition with Left SRâ¯s
204â5, 255
on democratic discussion
150, 157
and German October
306, 310, 311
and Left Opposition
281, 311, 316
on Peasant International
207
role in Third Congress debate
101â2, 105, 108, 109, 116
on Soviet Russiaâs policy
123, 163, 242, 244, 245, 248
âstrategyâ defined
259, 265â6
on transitional demands
232
on united front
141, 316
on world economic crisis
113â14
âTrotskyismâ
312
Turati, Filippo
62, 83
Turkey
76, 81, 276
Twenty-One Conditions for Admission
54â6, 83â4, 157â8
text
60â5
Two-and-a-Half International (Vienna Union)
143, 158, 240, 241
united front
127â37
adopted as policy
138â45, 292â3
antecedents
127, 131, 293â5
anti-imperialist
131, 234â5, 282â3, 295
Comintern abandonment of
312â13, 314â16
discord in Russian leadership over
141
ECCI plenum debate on
143â4, 292â3, 294â5
against fascism
216, 297
Fourth Congress discussion on
262, 295
German CP and
91, 132â3, 133â7, 138â9
German CP Open Letter and
91, 92â3, 106, 125, 133â7, 235
in Germany
91, 129â30, 132â3, 294
International Workersâ Aid and
190, 192, 294
Lenin on
93, 293
Radek on
72, 296â7, 303, 316
as strategy
262â3, 267â8
Trotsky on
141, 316
women and
175â7
Zinoviev on
93, 131, 141â2, 144, 214, 293, 294, 312, 314â15, 316
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
222
USPD (Independent Social-Democratic Party of Germany)
46, 47, 48, 54, 89â90, 133, 135, 202
Van Kol, Hendrick
17, 25â6, 67
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo
192, 194
Varga, Eugen
114
Vliegen, Willem
25â6
Voitinsky, Grigorii
281
Vorovsky, Vatslav
35
Ward, Arnold
227
Warszawski, Adolf
255
Waters, Mary-Alice
2
Watlin, Alexander
141
Wohl, Robert
317
women
at Baku Congress
77â8
class divisions among
175â6
in Communist movement
171â2, 173, 178
feminism and
177â8
First Congress resolution on
41, 167
See also Communist Womenâs Movement
womenâs suffrage
17â18
workersâ and peasantsâ government
205, 297
workersâ government
250â7, 263
elections and
288â90
Fourth Congress debate over
233â4, 252â6, 295
Fourth Congress resolution on
256â7
German CP controversy over
48â9, 129â30, 139â40, 250â2, 255â6
proletarian dictatorship and
233, 251â3, 256
Workersâ Opposition (Russia)
117, 123, 243â4
World War I
21, 22, 27
Yalymov, Gaziz
33
Yaworski, Ronald
286â7
youth
Lenin on independence for
186â7
party-youth relations
187â9
See also Communist Youth International; Socialist Youth International
Zetkin, Clara
92, 93, 94, 132, 138, 232, 236, 240, 310
on ECCI role
119, 120, 162â3, 235â6
on fascism
217, 218â20, 297, 304
and International Red Aid
192, 193
Lenin and
101, 118â19, 156, 167â8, 173
on March Action
95, 99â100, 116, 119
role at Third Congress
104, 106â7, 110
on Soviet Russia
72, 244, 245, 246, 247â9, 260
and womenâs movement
22, 59, 124, 166â7, 168, 169, 170â1, 173â4, 175â6
Zhang Tailei
274, 276
Zimmerwald conference (1915)
23â6
Zimmerwald movement
27, 40, 44
Zinoviev, Grigorii
20, 26, 45, 92, 94, 104, 111â13, 114, 117, 122, 292
Baku Congress and
73, 78
on ECCI emissaries
94, 95, 125
on fascism
214, 215, 216, 217, 231â2, 315
at First Congress
32, 34, 40
and German October
306, 310, 311, 312, 314
on international centralism
159, 160â1
on Italy
84, 110, 231
and March Action
94, 95
opposition to Stalin
248â9, 281
at Second Congress
53, 54, 56
Third Congress struggle and
101, 105â6, 108â9, 116
on united front
93, 131, 141â2, 144, 214, 293, 294, 312, 314â15, 316
on workersâ and peasantsâ government
205
on workersâ government
233, 250, 252â4, 255, 315
Zionism
76
Zumoff, Jacob
222