Figures
0.1 The tenth-century waka phenomenon 8
1.1 Increase of kugyō poets between 858 and 946 31
1.2 Male and female poets in the first two chokusenshū 39
2.1 Murakami and Morosuke’s households in the Tenryaku era (947–957) 63
2.2 The Imperial Palace compound with the location of the Seiryōden and Nashitsubo Pavilion 64
2.3 Seating arrangements at the Tentoku 4 Palace Poetry Contest
3.1 Waka texts in the tenth century 107
4.1 Poetry specialists between 905–930 123
4.2 The poet’s signature 126
4.3 Juxtaposing vernacular and Sinitic styles in Wakan rōeishū 140
6.1 The Heian genre hierarchy according to Chōken 175
Tables
1.1 Ki no Tsurayuki’s career after 905 27
1.2 Poets by rank in the Kokinshū and the Gosenshū 32
1.3 Poems by female authors in the Gosenshū 47
2.1 Gosenshū: facts and figures 60
2.2 Kokinshū and Gosenshū poets by rank and type 66
5.1 Kokinshū diction by word type 150
5.2 High-frequency lines in the Kokinshū 154
5.3 Structure of the Kokin waka rokujō 165
6.1 Poems by leading Tenryaku-era literati in the twenty-one imperial waka anthologies 184
6.2 A selection of major tenth-century court-sponsored poetry texts and events by type 191