| AASS | Acta sanctorum quotquot toto orbe coluntur, 70 vols. (Antwerp, 1643â). |
| AB | Analecta Bollandiana |
| Act. Arch. | Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia |
| AE | LâAnnée épigraphique |
| AJA | American Journal of Archaeology |
| Amm. Marc. | Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum gestarum libri, eds. Edouard Galletier and Jacques Fontaine, 6 vols. (Paris, 1968â99). |
| ASRSP | Archivio della Società Romana di storia patria |
| AT | Antiquité Tardive |
| BAC | Bullettino di Archeologia cristiana |
| BAV | Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana |
| BCACR | Bullettino della commissione archeologica comunale di Roma |
| BHL | Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis (Brussels, 1898â1911; new suppl. 1986). |
| Bread and Circuses, eds. Lomas and Cornell | Kathryn Lomas and Tim Cornell, eds., Bread and Circuses: Evergetism and Municipal Patronage in Roman Italy (London, 2003). |
| CA | Epistolae imperatorum pontificum aliorum inde ab a. CCCLXVII usque DLIII datae Avellana quae dicitur collectio, ed. O. Günther (Vienna, 1895). |
| Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome, ed. Erdkamp | Paul Erdkamp, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome (Cambridge, Eng., 2013). |
| Cassiod. Var. | Cassiodorus, Variae, ed. Th. Mommsen, MGH, AA 12 (Berlin, 1894). Translated as The Variae of Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator, trans. Samuel Barnish (Liverpool, 1992). |
| Cassiodoro, Varie, eds. Giardina et al. | Cassiodoro, Varie, eds. A. Giardina, G. A. Cecconi, and I. Tantillo, 6 vols. (Rome, 2014â24). |
| CC | âCodex Carolinus,â in MGH Epp. EKA Vol. I, pp. 469â657. Translation in Codex Epistolaris Carolinus: Letters from the Popes to the Frankish Rulers, 739â791, trans. Rosamond McKitterick, Dorine van Espelo, Richard Pollard, and Richard Price (Liverpool, 2021). |
| Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, ed. Th. Mommsen et al., 17 vols. (Berlin, 1842â). | |
| CJust | Codex Iustinianus, ed. P. Krüger (Berlin, 1877). |
| Costantino e i Costantinidi, eds. Brandt et al. | Olof Brandt, Vincenzo Fiocchi Nicolai, and Gabriele Castiglia, eds., Acta XVI congressus internationalis archaeologiae christianae (Romae 22.â28.9.2013): Costantino e i Costantinidi: lâinnovazione costantiniana, le sue radici e i suoi sviluppi, 3 vols. (Vatican City, 2016). |
| CTCR | Roberto Valentini and Giuseppe Zucchetti, Codice topografico della città di Roma, 4 vols. (Rome, 1940â53). |
| CTh | Theodosiani libri XVI cum constitutionibus Sirmondianis, eds. Th. Mommsen and P. Krüger (Berlin, 1904). Translation in Clyde Pharr et al., The Theodosian Code and Novels, and the Sirmondian Constitutions (Princeton, 1952). |
| Delogu, Roma allâinizio del Medioevo | Paolo Delogu, Roma allâinizio del Medioevo: storie, luoghi, persone (secoli VIâIX) (Rome, 2022). |
| Dey, The Making of Medieval Rome | Hendrik Dey, The Making of Medieval Rome: A New Profile of the City, 400â1420 (Cambridge, Eng., 2021). |
| Dig. | Digesta, ed. Theodor Mommsen (Berlin, 1877). |
| Early Medieval Rome, ed. Smith | Julia Smith, ed., Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West: Essays in Honour of Donald A. Bullough (Leiden, 2000). |
| EDR | Epigraphic Database Rome. http://www.edr-edr.it/en/present_en.php (accessed 21/3/2024) |
| EME | Early Medieval Europe |
| England and Rome, ed. Tinti | Francesca Tinti, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art, and Politics (Turnhout, 2014). |
| G&R | Greece & Rome |
| Gregory I, RE | Gregory I, Registrum epistularum, in S. Gregorii Magni registrum epistularum, ed. D. L. Norberg (Turnhout, 1982). Translated as The Letters of Gregory the Great, trans. John R. C. Martyn, 3 vols. (Toronto, 2004). |
| Historia | Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |
| Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae septimo saeculo antiquiores, ed. G. B. De Rossi, 2 vols. (Rome, 1857â88). | |
| ICUR n.s. | Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae septimo saeculo antiquiores nova series, eds. G. B. De Rossi, A. Silvagni, and A. Ferrua, 10 vols. (Rome, 1922â92). |
| Il Liber pontificalis e la storia materiale, ed. Geertman | Herman Geertman, ed., Atti del colloquio internazionale Il Liber Pontificalis e la storia materiale, Roma, 21â22 febbraio 2002 (Assen, 2003) (=Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome 60â61 [2001]). |
| ILCV | Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae veteres, ed. E. Diehl, J. Moreau, and H. I. Marrou (Berlin, 1925â67). |
| ILS | Inscriptiones Latinae selectae, ed. H. Dessau (Berlin, 1892). |
| Inst. | Iustiniani institutiones, ed. Paul Krüger (Berlin, 1877). |
| JECS | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
| Jerome, Ep. | Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi epistulae, pars I, II, III, ed. I. Hilberg (Vienna, 1910â18). |
| JLA | Journal of Late Antiquity |
| JRA | Journal of Roman Archaeology |
| JRS | The Journal of Roman Studies |
| Lâarcheologia della produzione, eds. Molinari et al. | Alessandra Molinari, Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, and Lucrezia Spera, eds., Lâarcheologia della produzione a Roma (secoli VâXV): atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Roma, 27â29 marzo 2014 (Rome, 2015). |
| La storia dellâalto Medioevo, eds. Francovich and Noyé | Riccardo Francovich and Ghislaine Noyé, eds., La storia dellâalto Medioevo italiano (VIâX secolo) aIla luce dellâarcheologia (Florence, 1994). |
| La storia economica di Roma, eds. Paroli and Delogu | Lidia Paroli and Paolo Delogu, eds., La storia economica di Roma nellâalto Medioevo alla luce dei recenti scavi archeologici: atti del seminario, Roma 2â3 aprile 1992 (Florence, 1993). |
| Le iscrizioni dei cristiani, ed. Di Stefano Manzella | Ivan Di Stefano Manzella, ed., Le iscrizioni dei cristiani in Vaticano: materiali e contributi scientifici per una mostra epigrafica (Vatican City, 1997). |
| LP | Le Liber pontificalis: texte, introduction et commentaire, ed. L.-M. Duchesne, rev. ed., 3 vols. (Paris, 1955â57), translated as Book of Pontiffs (Liber pontificalis): Ancient Biographies of the First Ninety Roman Bishops to AD 715, trans. Raymond Davis, rev. ed. (Liverpool, 2010); The Lives of the Eighth-Century Popes (Liber pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of Nine Popes from AD 715 to AD 817, trans. Raymond Davis, rev. ed. (Liverpool, 2007); The Lives of the Ninth-Century Popes: The Ancient Biographies of Ten Popes from AD 817â891, trans. Raymond Davis (Liverpool, 1996). |
| Adriano La Regina, Vincenzo Fiocchi Nicolai, Maria Grazia Granino Cecere, and Zaccaria Mari, eds., Lexicon topographicum urbis Romae: Suburbium, 5 vols. (Rome, 2001â08). | |
| LTUR | Eva Margareta Steinby, ed., Lexicon topographicum urbis Romae, 6 vols. (Rome, 1993â2000). |
| MAAR | Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome |
| Manaresi | I placiti del âRegnum Italiae,â ed. C. Manaresi, 3 vols. (Rome, 1955). |
| MDAI.R | Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Römische Abteilung |
| MEFR | Mélanges de lâEcole française de Rome |
| MEFRA | Mélanges de lâEcole française de Rome: Antiquité |
| MEFRM | Mélanges de lâEcole française de Rome: Moyen âge |
| Meneghini and Santangeli Valenzani, Roma nellâAltomedioevo | Roberto Meneghini and Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, Roma nellâAltomedioevo: topografia e urbanistica della città dal V al X secolo (Rome, 2004). |
| MGH | Monumenta Germaniae historica |
| Â Â AA | Auctores antiquissimi (Berlin, 1877â1919). |
| Â Â Conc. | Leges, Concilia |
| Â Â CAK I.1 | Conc. Vol. II: Concilia aevi Karolini Vol. I Pars I, ed. A. Werminghoff (Hannover, 1906). |
| Â Â CAK 843â59 | Conc. Vol. III: Concilia aevi Karolini DCCCXLIII-DCCCLIX, ed. W. Hartmann (Hannover, 1984). |
| Â Â CASS 1023â59 | Conc. Vol. VIII: Concilia aevi Saxonici et Salici MXXIII-MLIX, ed. D. Jasper (Hannover, 2010). |
| Â Â CAK I.2 | Conc. Vol. II: Concilia aevi Karolini Vol. I. II, ed. A. Werminghoff (Hannover, 1906). |
| Â Â CAK 860â74 | Conc. Vol. IV: Concilia aevi Karolini DCCCLX-DCCCLXXIV, ed. W. Hartmann (Hannover, 1998). |
| Conc. Vol. V: Concilia aevi Karolini DCCCLXXV-DCCCCXI, ed. W. Hartmann et al. (Hannover, 2012). | |
| Â Â Capit. | Capitularia regum Francorum, 2 vols. (Hannover, 1883â97). |
| Â Â Chronica minora | MGH AA Vol. IX: Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII, ed. Th. Mommsen, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1892â94). |
|   DD LdF | Die Urkunden Ludwigs des Frommen, ed. Th. Kölzer, in MGH Diplomata, Die Urkunden der Karolinger II, 1â3 (Wiesbaden, 2016). |
|   DD O I | Die Urkunden Ottos I, in MGH Diplomata. Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser, Vol. I, ed. Th. Sickel (Hannover, 1879â84). |
| Â Â Epp. Sel. | Epistolae selectae, 5 vols. (Berlin, 1916â52). |
| Â Â Epp. EKA Vol. I | Epistolae Vol. III: Merowingici et Karolini aevi Vol. I, ed. W. Gundlach (Berlin, 1892). |
|   Epp. EKA Vol. II | Epistolae Vol. IV: Epistolae Karolini aevi Vol. II, ed. E. Dümmler (Berlin, 1985). |
| Â Â Epp. EKA Vol. III | Epistolae Vol. V: Epistolae Karolini aevi Vol. III (Berlin, 1899). |
| Â Â Epp. EKA Vol. IV | Epistolae Vol. VI: Epistolae Karolini aevi Vol. IV, ed. E. Perels (Berlin, 1925). |
| Â Â Epp. EKA Vol. V | Epistolae Vol. VII: Epistolae Karolini aevi Vol. V (Berlin, 1928). |
| Â Â Fontes iuris | Fontes iuris Germanici antiqui in usum scholarum separatim editi |
| Â Â LL | Leges (in folio) |
| Â Â Poet. | Poetae Latini medii aevi |
| Â Â SRM | Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum |
| Â Â SS | Scriptores (in folio) |
| Â Â SS Vol. I | Annales et chronica aevi Carolini, ed. G. H. Pertz (Hannover, 1826). |
| Â Â SSRL | Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VIâIX (Hannover, 1878). |
| Â Â SSRG n.s. | Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, nova series (Berlin, 1922â2010). |
| Â Â SSRG s.e. | Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi |
| Noble, The Republic of St. Peter | Thomas F. X. Noble, The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680â825 (Philadelphia, 1984). |
| Novellae, eds. R. Schöll and W. Kroll (Berlin, 1895). Translated as The Novels of Justinian: A Complete Annotated English Translation, trans. David Miller and Peter Sarris (Cambridge, Eng., 2018). | |
| NovMaj | Liber legum novellarum divi Maioriani Augusti, in Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, ed. P. M. Meyer (Berlin, 1954), pp. 155â78. |
| NovTh | Liber legum novellarum divi Theodosii Augusti, in Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, ed. P. M. Meyer (Berlin, 1954), pp. 1â68. |
| NovVal | Liber legum novellarum Divi Valentiniani Augusti, in Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, ed. P. M. Meyer (Berlin, 1954), pp. 69â154. |
| Old Saint Peterâs, eds. McKitterick et al. | Rosamond McKitterick, John Osborne, Carol Richardson, and Joanna Story, eds., Old Saint Peterâs, Rome (Cambridge, Eng., 2013). |
| OR | Les Ordines Romani du Haut Moyen-Age, ed. M. Andrieu, 5 vols. (Leuven, 1931â61). |
| P&P | Past & Present |
| Pagans and Christians, eds. Salzman et al. | Michele Salzman, Marianne Sághy, and Rita Lizzi Testa, eds., Pagans and Christians in Late Antique Rome: Conflict, Competition, and Coexistence in the Fourth Century (Cambridge, Eng., 2016). |
| PBSR | Papers of the British School at Rome |
| PG | Patrologia graeca, ed. J.-P. Migne, 161 vols. (Paris, 1857â66). |
| PL | Patrologia latina, ed. J.-P. Migne, 221 vols. (Paris, 1841â65). |
| PLRE | Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, 1, eds. A. H. M. Jones, John Martindale, and John Morris (Cambridge, Eng., 1970); 2 and 3, ed. John Martindale (Cambridge, Eng., 1980â92). |
| Procopius, Bella | Procopius, Bella, eds. J. Haury and G. Wirth (Leipzig, 1962â64). Translated as Procopius, The Wars of Justinian, trans. H. B. Dewing and Anthony Kaldellis (Indianapolis, 2014). |
| RAC | Rivista di Archeologia cristiana |
| Religion, Dynasty, and Patronage, eds. Cooper and Hillner | Kate Cooper and Julia Hillner, eds., Religion, Dynasty, and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300â900 (Cambridge, Eng., 2007). |
| Gregory of Catino, Il Regesto di Farfa, eds. I. Giorgi and U. Balzani, 5 vols. (Rome, 1879â1914). | |
| Roma altomedievale, ed. Santangeli Valenzani | Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, ed., Roma altomedievale: paesaggio urbano, società e cultura (secoli VâX) (Rome, 2023). |
| Roma dallâantichità al medioevo, 1, eds. Arena et al. | Maria Stella Arena, Paolo Delogu, Lidia Paroli, Marco Ricci, Lucia Saguì, and Laura Vendittelli, eds., Roma dallâantichità al medioevo: archeologia e storia nel Museo Nazionale Romano Crypta Balbi (Milan, 2001). |
| Roma dallâantichità al medioevo, 2, eds. Paroli and Vendittelli | Lidia Paroli and Laura Vendittelli, eds., Roma dallâantichità al medioevo, 2: Contesti tardoantichi e altomedievali (Milan, 2004). |
| Roma e il sacco del 410, eds. Di Berardino et al. | Angelo Di Berardino, Gianluca Pilara, and Lucrezia Spera, eds., Roma e il sacco del 410: realtà , interpretazione, mito; atti della giornata di studio, Roma, 6 dicembre 2010 (Rome, 2012). |
| Roma Felix, eds. à Carragáin and Neuman de Vegvar | Ãamonn à Carragáin and Carol Neuman de Vegvar, eds., Roma Felix: Formation and Reflections of Medieval Rome (Aldershot, 2007). |
| Roma fra Oriente e Occidente | Roma fra Oriente e Occidente (19â24 aprile 2001) (Spoleto, 2002). |
| Roma nellâalto Medioevo | Roma nellâalto Medioevo (27 aprile-1 maggio 2000) (Spoleto, 2001). |
| Rome across Time and Space, eds. Bolgia et al. | Claudia Bolgia, Rosamond McKitterick, and John Osborne, eds., Rome across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas, c. 500â1400 (Cambridge, Eng., 2011). |
| RQ | Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte |
| RS | Il regesto sublacense del secolo XI, eds. L. Allodi and G. Levi (Rome, 1885). |
| S. Alessio | âRegesto dellâabbazia di SantâAlessio allâAventino,â ed. A. Monaci, in ASRSP 27 (1904), 351â98. |
| S. Gregorio | Il Regesto del monastero dei SS. Andrea e Gregorio ad clivum scauri, Parte II: Documenti, ed. A. Bartola (Rome, 2003). |
| SHA | Scriptores historiae Augustae, ed. E. Hohl (Leipzig, 1927). |
| Monumenta epigraphica christiana saec. XIII antiquiora quae in Italiae finibus adhuc exstant, 1, ed. A. Silvagni (Vatican City, 1943). | |
| SMCM | Cartario di S. Maria in Campo Marzio (986â1199), ed. E. Carusi (Rome, 1948). |
| SMVL | Ecclesiae S. Mariae in Via Lata tabularium, 1, eds. L. M. Hartmann and M. Mezores (Vienna, 1895â1913). |
| Società romana e impero tardoantico IâIV, ed. Giardina | Andrea Giardina, ed., Società romana e impero tardoantico (Rome, 1986).
I. Istituzioni, ceti, economie II. Roma: Politica, economia, paesaggio urbano III. Le merci, gli insediamenti IV. Tradizione dei classici, trasformazioni della cultura |
| Sordes urbis, eds. Dupré Raventós and Remolà Vallverdu | Xavier Dupré Raventós and Josep Anton Remolà Vallverdu, eds., Sordes urbis: la eliminación de residuos en la ciudad Romana; actas de la Reunión de Roma, 15â16 de noviembre de 1996 (Rome, 2000). |
| Symmachus, Ep. | Symmachus, Epistulae, ed. and trans. J.-P. Callu, 4 vols. (Paris, 1972â2002). |
| Symmachus, Relat. | Symmachus, Relationes, in Symmaque, Tome V: Discours â Rapports, ed. and trans. J.-P. Callu (Paris, 2009). |
| The Sack of Rome, eds. Lipps et al. | Johannes Lipps, Carlos Machado, and Philip von Rummel, eds., The Sack of Rome in 410 AD: The Event, Its Context and Its Impact; Proceedings of the Conference Held at the German Archaeological Institute at Rome, 4â6 November 2010 (Wiesbaden, 2013). |
| Transformations of Vrbs Roma, eds. Harris and Arce | William Harris, Javier Arce, eds., The Transformations of Vrbs Roma in Late Antiquity (Portsmouth, RI, 1999). |
| TSMN | Tabularium S. Mariae Novae ab an. 982 ad an. 1200, ed. P. Fedele, in ASRSP 23 (1900), 171â237 and ASRSP 26 (1903), 21â141. |
| Wickham, Medieval Rome | Chris Wickham, Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900â1150 (Oxford, 2015), orig. published in Italian as Roma medievale: crisi e stabilità di una città , 900â1150 (Rome, 2013). |
| ZPE | Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |
In: A Companion to Rome (c. 400âc. 1050)
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