This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder.
This publication is based upon work from Cost Action CA18129 ISLE Islamic Legacy: Narratives East, South, West, North of the Mediterranean (1350–1750), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at https://catalog.loc.gov
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2025034415
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 1872-7875
ISBN 978-90-04-74077-8 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-74078-5 (e-book)
DOI 10.1163/9789004740785
Copyright 2026 by Antonio Urquízar-Herrera, Borja Franco Llopis and Elena Paulino-Montero. Published by Koninklijke Brill BV, Plantijnstraat 2, 2321 JC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill BV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Brill Wageningen Academic, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau and V&R unipress.
Koninklijke Brill BV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use.
For more information: info@brill.com.
This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.