Endorsing Aggression: US Recognition of Morocco’s Occupation of Western Sahara and the Implications for the “Rules-Based International Order”

Stephen Zunes; Jacob Mundy

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Chapter 16 Endorsing Aggression

US Recognition of Morocco’s Occupation of Western Sahara and the Implications for the “Rules-Based International Order”

于Western Sahara in the International Legal Order

著者：

Stephen Zunes

Stephen Zunes
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Jacob Mundy

Jacob Mundy
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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 401–426

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004739215_018

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Abstract

The December 2020 decision to recognize Morocco’s disputed claim to Western Sahara represented a watershed moment in US policy towards the long-running conflict over Africa’s last non-self-governing territory and an explicit denial of the Sahrawi people’s right to independent statehood under international law. Though this move was initially understood in the context of the outgoing Donald Trump administration’s haphazard eagerness to shore up regional support for Israel by securing a Moroccan commitment to normalizing relations with Tel Aviv, the Biden administration refused to rescind Trump’s proclamation, thus making the United States the only North Atlantic power and permanent member of the Security Council to recognize Morocco’s illegal annexation of Western Sahara. In adopting such an outlier position and breaking with over four decades of juridical neutrality towards the question of Western Sahara’s final status, Washington’s credibility as arbiter of what the Biden administration has termed “the rules based international order” has been increasingly called into question. This chapter seeks to understand the immediate context and consequences of this new consensus among American policy makers, particularly its implications for the prohibition on the aggressive expansion of territory by force, the cornerstone of the UN system since 1945 that Washington claims to be defending in Ukraine and Taiwan.

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Western Sahara in the International Legal Order

50 Years after the ICJ Advisory Opinion

丛编： International Studies in Human Rights, 卷： 148

Cover Western Sahara in the International Legal Order

ISBN:: 9789004739215

出版社:: Brill | Nijhoff

印刷出版日期:: 18 Dec 2025

Subjects
- Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  - Human Rights

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Chapter 16 Endorsing Aggression

US Recognition of Morocco’s Occupation of Western Sahara and the Implications for the “Rules-Based International Order”

Abstract

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Western Sahara in the International Legal Order

50 Years after the ICJ Advisory Opinion

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