Index
Abramovitch, Aaron
70, 80, 219
Adenauer, Konrad
26
Alien Tort Act
124
Almog, Doron
74
Altmann, Maria
XIV, 204, 357
Antisemitism
83, 160, 197, 207, 257, 262, 286, 297, 319–320, 326–330
Arad, Nili
84–85, 155, 342, 344, 384–385
Arendt, Hannah
203
Arens, Moshe
30
Arnold & Porter
227
art, Nazi-looted
2, 185, 189–193, 198, 201–214, 317, 328
action plans
action plan
209
best practices
297, 358
claims conference/WJRO initiative
210
comprehensive program
212
cross-border claims
213
global commission
214
Israel government custodian
212
just and fair solution
207– 208, 213
UN Genocide convention
214
Washington agreement
359
commissions
commission in Europe (CLAE)
211
European restitution committees
208–209
new (German) arbitration framework
359
US commission for Art Recovery
191
US panel to assess claims against museums
356
database (France and Belgium)
355
monuments men
202
museums/ galleries
metropolitan museum of art (MET)
203
museum of modern art (MoMA)
204
Neue Galerie (New York)
203, 204
paintings
portrait of Walley
204
woman in gold
XIV, 204, 205, 357
provenance research
193, 207, 202, 205
torah scrolls
203
assets
Allies’ multinational proclamation
282
Aryanization
22–23
citizens’ rights
213, 216
communal
XV, 23–24, 46, 135, 307, 308, 335
heirless (unclaimed)
XVI, 3, 23–24, 46, 87, 89–91, 136, 219, 307, 335
immovable
165–178
individually owned (private)
23, 134, 350
movable (household goods)
XIII
nationalized
XI
pre-Holocaust-era
4
proceeds
87, 89–91
real estate market
323
seized
X, 22–23
unjust enrichment
11
value by country
8
Auschwitz
199, 233
Austria
153, 168, 176, 208, 301, 315
forced labor fund
349
general settlement fund
302
no enquiry commission
302
Avital, Colette
74, 163, 211
Azulai, Aharon
111, 170
Baeck, Leo
203
Baldwin, Tammy
XVI
Bank Leumi
XVI
Bank of Israel
XVI
Barak, Ehud
32, 150, 160
Barak, Zvi
48, 50, 63, 70–71, 80, 84, 159, 218, 219, 220
Baron, Salo
203
Bauer, Yehuda
296
Bazyler, Michael
IX, 204, 215, 217, 256, 259, 262, 267, 323
Becker, John
165
Beker, Avi
312–314
Belgium
XI, 153
National Railway Company (NMBS/SNCB)
358
Bell, Randolph (Marshall)
147, 350
Ben-Gurion, David
32
Bergen-Belsen
XIII
Berger, Paul
227, 228, 230–232
Berman, Julius
114, 121–122, 387, 400
Bernheim, Antoine
245
Bevin, Ernest
22
Bialkin, Kenneth (Ken)
248
Biden, Joe
146, 194, 327
Biderman, Avraham
74
Bielski, Leora
201
Bielski, Zeev
73
Bindenagel, J.D.
147, 348
Blair, Tony
153, 160
Blumenstein, Penny
121
Bodner, Fernande
342
Bogdanos, Matthew
203
Bonen, Yoram
85
Bragg, Alvin
203
Breslau
216
Britain
153, 176, 208, 342, 346, 354
banks
217
see London Conference
Bronfman, Edgar
68, 70–71, 73, 126, 153, 158, 218–219, 221–222, 224, 238, 242, 334, 337, 339–340, 352
Brown, Robert (Bobby)
94, 101, 149, 236, 242, 245–246, 271, 272
Brunner, José
IX
Bush, George
210
California
235, 237
Cantor, Moshe
82
case study (ESLI, ICHEIC)
71, 274
cemetery (Jewish) surveys (Poland)
359
central Zionist archives (CZA)
5
Chesler, Chaim
70, 81
Chikli, Amichai
118, 150, 358
Christopher, Warren
124, 336, 338
Cichowski, Jerzy
XII
Cistecky, Jiří
166
claims conference
XVI, 25–26, 30, 34–37, 43, 45, 47, 50–51, 54, 56–58, 60, 65, 72, 115, 120, 122, 170, 176, 186, 199, 236, 243, 260, 265, 312, 317, 339, 350, 353
crossed membership
336
successor organization
2, 22–25, 315, 334
class action
124, 217, 222, 234, 341, 342, 346
banks
American
217
British
217
clean hands (restitution)
323
Clinton, Bill
41, 72, 152, 156, 160, 221, 330, 339, 340
Clinton, Hillary
41, 147
Cohen, Aryeh
XIII
Cohen, Meirav
118, 150, 195, 358
Cohen, Yitzhak
180
commissions of enquiry on
collaboration with Nazi Germany
286
conduct during Nazi-era
198, 297, 300, 313, 320, 320
concentration camps
308
conferences (chronological)
international
2, 145, 151–200
accomplishments
196–200
opinion leaders
196
structured process
197
transnational relations
196
London
84, 152–156, 168, 196, 342, 344, 346
educational trust
153
final statement
155–156
fund for needy Shoah survivors
154, 196, 342, 346
Tripartite Gold Commission (TGC)
197, 346
US Federal Reserve Bank
155
Washington
151, 155–164, 196–197, 206, 345, 347
best documented
160
communal property
157
insurance policies
157
Nazi-looted art
156–157
presidential advisory commission
157
principles on Nazi-looted art
157–158, 164, 191–192, 347
survivors’ welfare
152, 154
Vatican
157, 159
Stockholm
151, 157, 160–167, 196, 348
declaration and principles
160–162
Holocaust education and remembrance
160
Holocaust education Task Force (ITF)
160–161, 168
IHRA
160
Policy agreed upon
162
Vilnius
101, 151, 162–164, 197, 206, 210, 349–350
council of Europe
163–164
declaration
164
European parliament
163
looted art and cultural property
162–164
Prague
151, 165–181
Czech government
182
ESLI
174–176, 179, 182–184
guidelines and best practices
168, 172–174, 176, 354
heirless (unclaimed) property
172–173, 178
Holocaust art and Judaica
169
Holocaust education, remembrance and research
169
immovable property
151
in-rem restitution
171
Israel ministry for senior citizens
170
Israel ministry of finance
170
Israel ministry of foreign affairs
170, 178–181
Israel museum
170
Israeli delegation
180
legally non-binding
174
Terezin declaration
168–175, 189, 194–195, 253, 316, 354
Theresienstadt
168, 177, 216, 233–234
US
173
WJRO
170
Prague Review Conference
178–180, 259, 356
Prague Nazi-looted art conference (2019)
193
Welfare for Holocaust Survivors conference
357
Brussels Conferences
151, 184–189
EU
189
European parliament
189
forum on looted art
184–185
Nazi looted art
184–185
Tel Aviv forums
151, 181–185, 356–357
forum on restitution of Shoah-era cultural assets
181, 185
HASHAVA law
181, 185
Israel ministry of Justice
181
Jerusalem conferences
151, 186–191
declaration
186, 191
ESLI
186
immovable property study
186
Israel museum
189
Berlin
187, 191–192, 206, 357
Declaration- US–Germany
192
Terezin Declaration conference
194–196, 358
closing statement
195
London international gathering of Holocaust envoys
358
The Restitution Dialogues conference
358
Cook, Robin
153
Cornell, Marta
XII, 234
Cotler, Irwin
45
countries
Albania
153
Argentina
340, 342
Aurania
340
see Austria
Belarus
138
see Czech republic
see Czechoslovakia
Estonia
100, 337–338, 350
see France
see Germany
see Hungary
Italy
12, 153, 160, 192
see Israel
Latvia
100, 138, 337– 338, 350
Lithuania
100, 196–197, 272, 306, 337, 350
good will foundation
356, 358
Moldova
138, 338
see Norway
see Poland
Portugal
12
see Romania
Russia
138, 192, 338
Serbia
340, 357
see Slovakia
,
local authorities
335
Soviet Union
30, 138, 192, 228, 334, 338
Spain
192
Sweden
12, 196–197
Ukraine
335, 338–339
see US
USSR
228
see Vatican
Czech Republic
100, 153, 176, 197, 267, 303, 315, 318, 337–338, 342, 350
endowment fund (EFVH)
349
government
167
Jewish federation
339
Jewish property
303
no enquiry commission
303
senate
348
Czechoslovakia
216
D’Amato, Alfonse
222, 245, 342
Dachau
XV
Daniels, Cherrie
148, 293
Daniels, George B.
352
Daverath, Efraim
52
David, Felix
216
Davidson, Douglas
132, 148, 354
Dayton Agreement
340
DellaPergolla, Sergio
227–229
Diaspora, Jewish
30, 56, 97, 317
Dinitz, Simcha
50–51, 71
Dinstein, Zvi (Tzevi)
32
Dison, Nachliel
74, 82
Dori, Yoram
70, 79–80
Eagleburger, Lawrence (Larry)
XVI, 236, 238–239, 242, 243, 246–248
Salzburg Seminar
238
Edelstein, Yuli
171, 354
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
330
Eitan, Raphael (Rafi)
63, 81, 90 103, 105, 109, 113–115, 117, 150, 169, 180, 268, 352, 354
Eizenstat, Stuart (Stu)
7, 41, 71, 90, 103–105, 109–110, 114, 117, 119, 122, 124–125, 127, 129–132, 143, 147–148, 152, 155–158, 160, 162, 164, 168, 171, 173–174, 178–179, 181–184, 185, 187–188, 191–192, 194, 196–199, 218–219, 221, 254, 263, 267, 281, 284, 319, 325, 337, 339–342, 348, 352–353
letter to Israeli PM
104, 127, 129
Engelman, Symcha
293
ESLI
2, 7, 171, 188–189, 194, 305, 354, 356
administrative board
256, 258–259
advisory board and the honorary board
254, 256
art restitution project
158, 261
best practices and guidelines
261
budget
256
congressional hearings
274
ESLI study
273
EU parliament
262
forum 2000
261
guardian of the Terezin principles
254
holding the banner
261
organizational structure
255
partner governments
257
Shoah restitution
260
sovereign states
262
special envoys
262
summary of activities
259–260
supervisory board
256
EU
137, 166, 192, 197–198, 317, 337
central model
320
commission
319
committee on legal affairs (JURI)
209
council of Europe
101, 210, 350
internal looted art market
187
parliament
92, 187, 209, 338, 345, 357
resolutions
cross-border restitution of looted art
192, 358
restitution to Holocaust victims
187
restitution to Jewish communities
187
Europe
central
337, 338
eastern
228, 334, 335, 337–338, 341
western
338
Fagan, Ed
245
Ferencz, Benjamin
24
financial
assets
215
responsibility
325
settlements
215
two-stage process
215, 224
Fischer, Jan
166, 304
Fitchew, Geoffrey
238
Flug, Noach
70–74, 77, 336
founding fathers of Shoah restitution
1, 12, 47
court for final appeals
21
see Lemkin, Robinson, Hofmansthal
office of the trustee
21
property restitution agency (IPRA)
15
central register
21
France
153, 160, 176, 195, 208, 300, 314–315, 339, 342–343, 346
banks
217
Drai commission
349
enquiry commission (“Mission Matteoli”)
301, 341
law on restitution of government hold art
358
national committee
18
national railway (S.N.C.F.)
355
‘Vichy’ government
,
300
Frank, Anne
XIII
Frank, Otto
XIII, 325
fund of the Jewish people (future fund)
84, 86–90, 119, 155, 344, 345
allocation of proceeds
336
G2G
XX, 106–109, 112–113, 141, 190, 316, 329, 395
Gamliel, Gila
118, 150, 191, 357
genocide
14, 198, 201, 322–325
Armenian
285
barbarity, attacks on international communications, piracy, trading in women and slaves, disease agents
323
cultural genocide
322, 325
ethnic cleansing
322
expanded cultural genocide
322
looting
322
vandalism
322
Genscher, Dietrich
30
Germain, Ellen
148, 195
Germany
160, 176, 197, 199, 290, 315, 317, 319–320, 329, 336, 348
American zone
24, 203
Berlin wall
25, 334
British
24
Bundestag
33
central powers
26
east
25, 26, 30, 334
federal government
25–26
federal indemnification law (BEG)
33
federal restitution law BRüG)
33
film “Reckonings”
37
French zone
25
German foundation
236, 349
international tracing service (ITS) (Arolsen)
352
Luxemburg agreement (reparations)
2, 16, 22, 26–30, 33, 97, 333
Länder (federal states)
25
ministry of finance
37
missing one-third of the reparation agreement
29–33, 35, 37
Paris conference (on reparations)
22, 333
Russian zone
25
successor organization
XX, 4, 24, 31, 35, 315
third Reich
301
west
23, 26, 32
Gill, Alan H.
121
Gingrich, Newt
338
global report on restitution of Jewish property
first
102, 151
second
169, 171, 353
Golan, Mai
150
Gold, Dina
45
Goldman, Nahum
34
Goworowo
xi
Greece
153
Grew, Joseph
340
Gribetz, Judah
229, 232
Groner, Eli
264
Grütters, Monika
190
Gurlitt, Cornelius
356
Gurlitt, Hildebrand
190
Haber, Eitan
100
Haezrachy, Dan
150
Handelsman, Michael
70, 81
HASHAVA
11, 17, 23
HASHAVA, company
279, 318–319, 352–353
Anglo-Palestinian Bank
353
Israel model
296, 315
Hauser, Hedwig
216
HEART, project
2, 270, 353, 355–356
A.B. Data
271
billboard at Times square
272
call center
271
supporting Israel’s working plan
270
terminology
272
Hebrew University
227
Herzog, Chaim
99
Herzog, Yitzhak
74
Hevesi, Alan
345
Hirchson, Avraham
119, 155, 159, 218, 351
historical wrongs
284, 323
Hoeckman, Remi
289
Hofmannsthal, Emilio Von
13, 20–22, 333.
see founding fathers
Holland (Netherland)
XII 153, 160, 208, 314, 339
fund for victims of Nazi persecution
344
Jewish community
344
national railway (NS)
358
Holocaust (Shoah)-Era
XI
enterprise
323
survivors
156, 231
first-generation
325
second-generation
69, 148, 225
welfare
198
restitution
XI, 2–3, 20, 22, 167, 179, 217, 246, 252, 270, 323–325, 327–329, 331, 333
contribution to humankind
284–286
fatigue
175
human rights
41, 124, 129, 258, 278, 284, 319, 324
inter-allied declaration
18, 20
Israel state comptroller
3
models
320
movement
279, 284–286
processes
193
recipients and substance
4
research
335
teaching
246, 252
Thefticide
324–325
see waves of Holocaust
denial
271, 329
remembrance
36, 152, 160, 162, 168–169, 187–189, 195–196, 202, 213, 226, 228, 236, 254, 257, 260–261, 313, 321, 329, 349, 354, 357, 362
Hungary
XVI, 12, 48, 100, 192, 195, 272, 298–299, 306, 315, 337–338, 341, 350, 356
gold train
348, 351
Hungary v. Simon
299
Jewish rehabilitation fund
336
no enquiry commission
298
Paris peace treaty of 1947
298
IHRA
160–161, 197, 257, 269, 283
Indemnification. see rehabilitation
Institute of Jewish affairs (IJA)
16, 335
Institute of the World Jewish Congress
3
Insurance
2, 223, 233–236
accountability act of 2007
243
bottom-up process
235–236
Cornell class action
234
Frankfurt
233.
see ICHEIC
legal peace
235
London
235.
see ICHEIC
New York
234.
see ICHEIC
policies
2, 223, 233–234, 238
regulators
237
safe haven
235
US insurance legislation
355
working group on Holocaust insurance claims
235
ICHEIC
XVI, 236–237, 239, 245, 247–248, 347, 353, 355
oversight
247–248
allocations
247
closure
243
commissioners
234–235, 237
committees
valuation
239
audit
239
claims
239, 302, 242
companies
XII, 233, 236–237
comparison of Swiss banks and ICHEIC
249–252
Generali foundation (GTF)
244–246
Generali
237, 244–246, 346, 352
humanitarian fund
247
Jewish side
236, 239, 242–243, 248, 252
legal peace
252
lists of policies
239
membership
237
MOU
235, 346
offices
Washington
235
London
239
Switzerland
235
systems analysis
239
“inventing the wheel”
239
iron curtain
43, 46
Israel
3, 12, 34, 46, 160, 176, 197, 199, 229, 251, 308, 316–317
government
16, 43–48, 52, 54–60, 69, 84–87, 97, 214, 345, 351, 353, 355
issues
bilateral relations
100
cooperation with WJRO
110–111
foreign relations
99–100
Israel Jewry
97
who leads?
95–97
advisors
diaspora affairs advisor
101
senior advisor/director for restitution of Jewish property
6, 102
committees/ councils
advisory council on restitution
111, 115, 118, 354
directors general committee
86, 94, 224
finance committee
6
inter-ministerial committee for restitution
92– 93, 102–103, 319, 336, 351–352
Knesset and committees
79–81, 100, 118–120, 218, 340, 345, 352, 355
departments
restitution
5, 91–92, 112, 116–118
custodian
319
diaspora affairs
113
Holocaust survivors’ rights
225
international division/department at ministry of finance
5, 101, 227, 336
ministries
finance
X, 33, 49, 224
foreign affairs
30, 32, 112–113
justice
49
prime minister’s (PM)
86
senior citizens
5, 106, 271
partners
third sector
61
working group for Shoah restitution
31, 33
regulators
state comptroller
213
supreme court of justice
31, 251
plans/projects
restitution
country statement
344
game plan
103–109
non-paper
355
project HEART
110–111
working plan
270
Israel Globe (newspaper)
338
Israel Model
296, 315
Israel supreme court. see Israel supreme court of justice
JAFI
36, 48, 50, 55–57, 60, 62, 69, 71, 79, 155, 219–221, 231, 313, 343–344, 352–354
unified database
347
WJRO the last alignment
352
Janner, Greville
153–154, 196, 345
JDC
49, 55, 57, 60, 219, 227–231, 312–313, 339
Jermans, Efraim
X
Jerusalem center for public affairs (JCPA)
3
Jewish affair (restitution)
197
Jewish agency for reconstruction
16, 19, 333.
see Founding fathers
Jewish cultural reconstruction (JCR)
202.
see Nazi-looted art
Jewish welfare organization
XIII
Jospin, Lionel
160
JRSO
24
JTC
24
Junz, Helen
231
Juppe, Alain
341
Justice
Deuteronomy
11
measure of justice
252
restorative
269, 278
retrospective
270
Kaplan, Edna
293
Karlsruhe, Germany
290
Katz, Wlodzimierz
XIV, 325
Kennedy, Christian
148, 177, 179, 352
Kielce (Poland)
XIV
Kleiner, Michael
70, 81, 244
Klimt, Gustav
XIV, 357
Koken, Diane
238
Kolmar, Felix
257–259
Korman, Eduard
90, 224, 226–231, 349–350
Koves, Slomo
XV
Kraus, Tomáš
165, 193, 339
Kristallnacht
247
Lambsdorff, Otto Graf
348
Lantos, Tom
337
Lauder, Ron
73–74, 191–192, 203–204, 210, 342–345, 353
Lavie, Naphtali
70–71, 73, 77, 334, 337, 339
Lemkin, Raphael
12, 13–16, 201, 214, 322, 333
Lenin Scientific Library
XV
Leon, Joel
189, 266
Levin, Itamar
1, 217–218, 338
Levin, Neil
236
Levy, David
340
Levi, Yaacov
156, 159
Levy, Yossi
150
Likhovski, Eliyahu
51, 337
Lion, Joel
150
Livni, Tzipi
170
Loiederman, Roberto
XV
Lowy, Frank
263
Malowany, Aron (Aharon)
XI
Malowany, Dawid (David)
XI, 325
Maříková, Tereza
258–259
Marshall Plan
23, 45
Matias, Shavit
242
Max Weil
290
McCall, H. Carl
345
Meed, Benjamin
119
Meili, Christoph
341
Melchior, Michael
85–86, 89, 101, 103, 150, 310, 348, 350–351
memories, lost
XI, 278
Mengele, Josef
233
Merchav, Reuven
122, 170, 176, 264
Meridor, Dan
49, 52
Meridor, Salai
101, 230, 350
Merkel, Angela
31
Miller, Israel
70–71, 345
Mirren, Helen
204
model
agreement (WJRO)
335
bilateral foundations
321
HASHAVA
320
international arbitration tribunals
321
nazi-looted art
321
Norwegian
320
successor organizations
320
moral
aspect
159
duty
280
imperative
3, 26, 47, 69, 97, 117, 159, 171, 234, 269, 279, 317
importance
159
influence
287
morality
323
obligation
222
responsibility
279, 325
standing
287
Morawiecki, Mateusz
294
Morgenthau, Henry
158, 340
Morgenthau, Robert
158, 204
Narkis, Uzi
50
Nass, Leah
105, 150, 170
Natan, Eliyahu (Eli)
133, 334, 335, 337
NATO
137, 341–342
expansion to Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic
343
Neeman, Yaacov
91, 231, 344
Netanyahu, Binyamin
86, 105, 149, 272
Netherlands. see Holland
New York
235, 237
New York Times
218
NGO
13, 34–37, 181, 183, 185–187, 193, 198–202, 212, 220–222, 228–229, 231, 235, 237, 243, 247, 250–251, 255–258, 261–262, 264, 267, 273, 279–281, 296, 301, 307, 317, 325, 351
musical chairs
221
Quango
78
Registrar (Israel)
5, 68
Norway
12, 308–309, 315, 318, 338–340
banks
309
independent committee of inquiry
309, 313
Jewish community
310–311
minority report
341
Norwegian model
314
parliament
309
white paper
313, 345
Nuremberg
15–16
O’Donnel, Edward
147
Obama, Barack
146–147, 164–165
October 7 war
2, 33, 326
Gaza
326
Hamas
326
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
326–327
terrorism
326
Okolo, Jude Thaddeus
196
Olmert, Ehud
150, 169
Orbach, Uri
118, 150, 356
Pagano, Sergio
289
Pastori, Guido
245
Peleg, David
73–74, 179, 353
Peres, Shimon
80, 149
Persson, Göran
160–161, 196
Pétain, Philippe
300
Pfefer, Mojżesz
XIV
Pickles, Eric
185, 188
Pojar, Miloš
166–167, 177
Pojar, Tomás
169
Poland
100, 102, 112, 153, 160, 192, 195, 200, 272, 293, 306, 314–315, 335–338, 350
cemeteries
344
communal properties
344
comprehensive private restitution law, no law on heirless (unclaimed) Shoah-era property
295
cross-sector study on restitution of Jewish property
351
Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage
351
Jewish community
343
Just Act report (STOP 447)
274
objections to Shoah restitution
295–297
Pułtusk and Podoś
293
WJRO foundation
347
Łódź
294
Pope Francis
287
Pope Pius XII
287
Porush, Menachem
344
Powers
Allied
12 15, 18, 22
Axis
12, 17, 21, 22
Přibyl, Lukáš
258
proclamation, multinational, Allies
282
Quisling, Vidkun
309
Rabin, Yitzhak
100, 149, 218, 337
Rehabilitation
2–3, 22, 26, 33–34, 325, 333, 336
Řehák, Robert
195
Reynolds, Ryan (Randi)
204
Robinson, Nehemia
13, 16–20, 333
Roma (gypsies)
343
Romania
12, 100, 195, 272, 299, 306, 315, 337–338, 342, 350
Council for National Minorities
338
no enquiry commission
300
Rosenberg, Rudy
XI
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana
355
Rubinstein, Elyakim
86
Rubio, Marco
XVI
Rudman, Mara
238, 242, 248
Saddam, Hussein
285
Sanbar (Sandberg), Moshe
IX, XVI, 3, 46–48, 56, 70–71, 76, 177, 222–225, 239, 242, 299, 325, 334, 342
Sapir, Pinchas
32
Sarel, Michael
229
Schächter, Rafael
177
Schiele, Egon
158
Schneider, Greg
121, 179
Schneider, Michael
50, 73, 203, 345, 351
Schroeder, Gerhard
160
Schumer, Charles (Chuck)
222, 246
Schwager, Steven
73, 91, 230–231
Schwarz, Ivo
264
Seitz, Patricia A.
351
Semama, Gilad
251
Senyk, Halyna
IX, 182, 184–185, 188–189, 194, 256, 258–259, 260, 262–265, 269
Shalev Schlosser, Tibor (Tibi)
150, 186, 189
Shamir, Yitzhak
47–49, 299, 334
Sharansky, Natan
30, 74, 102–103, 227–230, 243, 351, 354
Sharet, Moshe
84, 97–98, 334
Sharon, Ariel
104, 150, 352
Sherer, Moshe
339
Shilansky, Dov
334
Shiron, Aviv
150
Shohat, Avraham
218, 334–335
Shoval, Zalman
92
Shurat Hadin (Israel Legal Center)
212
Singer, Israel
70–71, 73, 101, 311, 218–222, 245–246, 337, 345, 348–352
Singer, Robert
121
Sitler, Jiří
183
Skadden, Arps
248
slavery
African American reparations movement
284
Black Californians
324
Japanese companies
284
Slovakia
100, 137–138, 153, 272, 305–306, 315, 335–338
no enquiry commission
305
Sobol, Raviv
231
Šonka, Jaroslav
258–259
Spanic, Eliyahu (Eli)
68, 73, 77, 334
Special Envoy for
Holocaust issues
319
Shoah restitution
319–320
Specter, Arlen
343
Spitzer, Eliot
71, 352
SS
233
Stein, Wilma
XIII, 325
Steinhart, Michael
203
Stern, Lev
XXI
Swiss, banks
XIV, 2, 12, 90, 216, 221–223, 226, 231–232, 235–236, 245, 247–252, 281–282, 289, 308, 311–312, 334, 338–342, 345–350, 352, 357
advisory committee
350
bankers association
220
banks
Austrian banks
217
CREDIT SUISSE
223
UBS
341–342
class action
41, 124, 217, 223, 345
dormant accounts
76, 217, 312
final report
222, 232, 250
global neediness assessment and resource allocation
228
government
XVI, 97–98, 223–224, 226
humanitarian fund
94, 223, 225, 251, 230, 341, 343, 346
independent association of eminent persons
348
Israel government
ministry of finance
230
ministry of health
230
ministry of social affairs
230
Israel NGOs
AMCHA
230
AMIGUR
230
JAFI
230
YAD VASHEM
230
Jewish community
219
Jewish side
222, 226, 230
Meili affair
153
“Money time”
222
Morgenthau letters
340
MOU with WJRO
220
national bank
217
New York district court
229
pan-European process
222
parliament
223
PM
221
president
221
residual funds
226, 230
special master
222, 229, 231–232
US supreme court
230
Volcker commission
61, 64, 220, 222, 348
Tajani, Antonio
189
Tarnow
XV
Taylor, Gideon
30, 74, 81–82
Teitelboim, Raul
11
Timeline
5, 333
Torricelli, Robert
343
Treblinka
216
Trump, Donald
146, 187, 330–331
UN
14, 196–197, 214
genocide convention
201, 316, 322–323, 325
security council
48, 299
United States
153, 176, 197, 317, 329, 346
government
congress
126, 130–131, 154, 157, 167, 176, 342
congressional research service (CRS)
3
department of state
189, 213, 342, 347–348, 237
Helsinki commission
176
Holocaust memorial museum
IX, 157, 199, 342, 347, 366
house banking committee
245, 340
senate
XVI, 222, 244–245, 248, 274, 342, 379
special envoy on Holocaust issues. see Eizenstat
special envoy to monitor and combat antisemitism
319
state department bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
129
subcommittee on foreign affairs
337, 343, 380
supreme court
204, 230, 288, 299
reports/agreements
financial indexes (major)
10
JUST Act report
273
presidential commission (PACHA)
130, 317, 348
Princz agreement
124
Washington agreement (French banks)
349
URO
25
Vance, Cyrus Jr.
203
Vatican
195, 287, 315, 317, 342
archives
287
bank
288–290
Catholic church
289
countries
287
Holy See
289
Italian insurance companies
287
“ratline”
287
Verdiger, Abraham
334
Vienna
168
Visegrád Group
260, 297, 299, 304, 306, 315
Wambach, Kai
37
Waves of Holocaust restitution
324–325
first wave
1–2, 6, 202
second wave
1–2, 6, 203–204, 316
third wave
unfinished business of WWII
277
1–2
mission
316
operational model for Shoah restitution
313
no statute of limitations
323, 325
full Shoah restitution
318
international relations
323
legacy
325
target countries
320
strategic revolving plan
321–322
restitution movement
273, 277, 320, 328
time frame for Shoah restitution
318
“Quantum Meruit”
323
international criminal court (The Hague)
328
organizational restructuring (Israel government)
319
Palestinian problem
330
supportive environment
academic courses, research grants, films, population segments, Shoah education, Shoah remembrance, visual promotion
321
War on terror
329
Weber, Ann
347
Weitzman, Mark
74, 82, 195
Weizmann, Chaim
2, 22
White, Shelby
203
Wiesenthal, Simon
2
Wilf, Einat
312, 313
WJC
3, 16, 49, 50, 55, 57, 67–68, 70–72, 80, 82, 89, 92, 119–121, 124, 126–127, 129 154–155, 210, 218–219, 220–222, 224, 245–246, 251, 309–312, 320, 334–338, 340, 342–343, 345, 352
looted gold
342
restitution prognosis
350
WJRO
XVI, 1, 36, 43, 57–60, 62, 66, 68–70, 72–74, 82, 92–94, 101, 119, 121, 133– 138, 153, 155, 158–159, 175, 179, 184, 186, 191–192, 195, 198, 210, 213, 217, 218, 220–221, 224–226, 229–232, 245, 248, 251, 261, 306–314, 339–352, 354, 356
absorption
29, 52, 98, 99
activity
agreements (see above)
committee on looted art
342–343
property file
133
Swiss fund
341
agreements
Croatia
340
declarative
138
East Slovenia
340
Federation of Jewish Communities in Serbia (SAVEZ)
357
Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia, Moldova, Belarus
335–336
Jewish communities and organizations in Europe
343
joint foundations (communal property)
306–308, 311
local Jewish communities (Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic)
307
bilingual
334
budget
334
council
218, 220, 221, 224
executive committee
334
government’s support
92–94
Israel’s proxy
47, 279, 317
legal committee
133, 136
legal remedies
337
legal standing
133
members
Agudath Israel
344, 336, 338
AJC
16, 83, 121
American gathering of Jewish Holocaust survivors
237
CER
83, 121, 211
see claims conference
COHSI
XVI, 50, 56, 180, 225, 237
ECJC
82, 211
see JDC
NCSJ
83, 121
new member organizations
337
Orthodox groups
82, 339
see WJC
,
see JAFI
World Council of Orthodox Jewish Communities
341
WZO
56
MOU (government)
88, 334–335
MOU (organizations)
51, 52
PM support letters
337
political appointments
78
principles on restitution
133, 338
rules of association
350
steering committee
49
Wondra, Sasha
166
Yad Vashem
170, 223, 230, 232, 246, 252, 352
victim list project
348, 352
Yalovitz, Kent
227, 231
Yazgerdi, Thomas K.
148, 189
Yoseftal, Giora
334
Yoskowitch, Pinchas Menachem
344
Zabludoff, Sidney
IX, 2–4, 9–10, 12, 22–25, 29, 61, 134, 145, 234–235, 237–238, 240–243, 247, 325, 387, 411
Zajdenberg, Anna
342
Zentner, Margaret
233
Zingeris, Emanuelis
163, 196
Zuckerman, Arie
95