Index
a dank
120
adolescents
167–168
agency
86, 193, 221–222
a gute nakht
119
a gute yor
120
alamák
120
Aleppo
30–31
Alianza Monte Sinai
32–33, 50, 61–62
Alliance Israelite Universelle (aiu)
38–39, 137
Americas
43
amí
120
Amkie Cohen, Salomon
139
Andrade, Enriquez
137
anthropology
76, 105–106
antisemitism
9, 47, 49, 53–56, 224, 226
anti-Zionism
1, 55, 199
árabe
1–2, 68, 137
Arab Jew (term/category)
36–37
Arabness
29, 42, 122, 124, 155–156, 161
Arabic language
26, 127–128, 136–158
See also heritage words; palabras árabes
Arab-Israeli War
41
Arab nationalism
34, 37, 40–41
Arabs
25, 36–37, 39–41, 47–48, 87, 226
Argentina
65, 95, 111
arijá
62
Ashkenazim
7, 62, 66, 88, 93–94, 121, 132, 138–140, 140, 158, 179–180, 182, 183, 185–186, 220–221
See also Mizrahim
Askenazi, Linda Hanono
52, 61
Askenazi, Salomón
25, 83–84, 89–90, 98, 100–101, 103, 105, 109–112, 116–118, 122, 126, 161–162
assimilation
62, 97, 202, 224
Avineri, Netta
135–136
“backwardness” (as part of orientalist ideologies)
87
Bahloul, Joëlle
34
Bakhtin, Mikhail
109n14, 154
b’alei teshuvá. See ultra-Orthodoxy: teshuvá
barminán
119
Bauman, Richard
86–87, 158–159, 212
beheime
121
Beirut
31, 42
Beit Yaakov
195–196
belief, religious (in university settings)
198
Benor, Sarah Bunin
11, 20, 85–86, 107, 110, 225
berajá/brajá/bróje
122–123
Bet El (synagogue)
63, 194–195
Bet-Israel (synagogue)
194–195
Betz, Seemah
75
beytsim
121
Bilu, Yoram
34
Biondi Assali, Estela
138
Bircat Hajama
207
Blancarte, Roberto
89, 91, 103
blessings
119
blood libel
38
bobe/baba
120
body parts/functions (words for)
121
Bourdieu, Pierre
19, 21, 185
Boyarin, Jonathan
170, 175
brides. See under marriage
Briggs, Charles
86–87, 158–159
Brink-Danan, Marcy
16n33
brit milá
99
Brodsky, Adriana Mariel
3, 19
Brubaker, Rogers
185
búbele
120
Buckser, Andrew
89, 91
buenas noches
120
Butler, Kim
17
Calderón, Felipe
71
Canagarajah, Suresh
126
Capón, Isaac
61
Carr, Jessica
133n15
Cátedra Shimon Peres por la Paz
199
Catholicism
200–201, 208
Centro Deportivo Israelita (cdi)
71, 221
Centro Histórico
50
cerrados (stereotype of Syrian Jews)
81
Chabad Lubavitch
67
Cherem, Isaac
101, 221
Chicurel, Moises
68
chronotope
27, 163, 171–172, 179
Chumash
27, 172, 178
científicos, los (during the Porfiriato era in Mexico)
44, 49
clases de Torá (Torah classes)
165–166, 170, 172–187, 208–209, 212–217, 224
class
(socioeconomic)115–117, 226
Clifford, James
15
coffee grounds, reading
152–156
Colegio Hebreo Monte Sinai
149
Colonia Roma
100
Comité Central de la Comunidad Judía
58, 63
communicative repertoires
108, 109
See also Jewish Mexican communicative repertoire
Comunidad Ashkenazí
194
See also Kehilá Ashkenazí
Comunidad Monte Sinai
58, 66, 127, 146, 148, 194–195, 223
Comumidad Sefaradí
68
community/comunidad (meaning among Jewish Mexicans)
58, 60–63
Condesa, La
99
Consejo de Educación Judía México
58
consumption
65–66
conversion
6, 15, 42, 62, 226
cosmopolitanism
16, 204
courtesy expressions
119–120
covid-19
60
creaky voice. See vocal fry
Dabbah, Saul Setton
62
Damascus
30–31, 33
See also Shamis
Darth Cohen (Jewish Wars)
83–84, 105, 110, 111, 117
datím leumím
101
Davies, Christie
164, 180, 182
DellaPergola, Sergio
196
Deportivo, El. See Centro Deportivo Israelita
dhimma/dhimmi laws
33–34, 37
diaspora
ambivalence
24
chronotype, diasporic
27, 163, 171–172
citizenship, diasporic
16–17, 58
communicative strategies
224–225
cultures
15
definition
16
and identity
23–24
Jewish Mexicans
17–18
and language
2, 16, 18–21, 23–24
metadiaspora
17–18
and practice
19
and subjectivity
18–19, 23, 171, 225
dichotomies (conceptual)
226–227
Dio/Diosanto
121
distinctiveness-centered paradigms (in sociolinguistics)
20, 106
Donath, Revah
137
double-voicing
154
dress, dress codes (religious standards of)
4, 5, 80–81, 96, 101–102, 105
See also modesty (dress)
drug war
71–72
Eckert, Penelope
109, 193
economics
50–52, 221–222
education. See clases de Torá; schools; university
elicitation techniques (in sociolinguistics)
112–113
Elkin, Laiken
50
embatacarse
121
emic/etic
27, 163, 171, 188
emigration. See migration
empathy
224
English
205
ethnic labels
25, 121, 161–162, 185. See also specific terms, e.g., Ashkenazim
ethnography
2, 9–10, 22, 167, 192, 224, 225–227
ethnolinguistic repertoire
11, 107
See also Jewish linguistic repertoire; Jewish Mexican linguistic repertoire
ethnonationalism
3
ethnonyms. See ethnic labels
eugenics
44, 47
Europe
7, 38, 87, 165
Evil Eye
146, 150–151, 180, 206
Fader, Ayala
85
fanaticism
33–34, 42
Farr, Marcia
167–168, 174, 182
Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination in Mexico/La Ley Federal para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación en México (2003)
53
festivals (words for)
119
fieldwork. See ethnography; research ethics and fieldwork
fienlado
147, 149–151, 154
First World War
39
food (words for)
119, 123–125
See also kosher
foreignness (perceptions of Jews and other migrant-descent populations)
54
Foucault, Michel
85, 102
Fox, Vicente
52, 53
French language (among Shami, Halebi, and Sephardi Jews)
137
fresa (stereotype and language practices)
116–117, 204–205
friendships (of young adult Jews)
202
Fundación Metta Saade
223
Furlan, Alfredo
182, 183
Gallardo, Rincon
53
Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar
85, 102
gefilte
119
Gemará
94
Gómez, Rebeca Martínez
116
Got tsu danken
119
goy
121
Greater Syria
31, 37–40
See also Syria
greetings
119
grine/grine lokshn
122
Gurvich Okón, Natalia
118–120
gut shabes
120
Hadid, Teresa Atri
32, 34
halacha
5, 64, 95
Hale, Charles
51
Halebis
Ashkenazim, relationship to
182
clases de Torá
184
Comunidad Maguén David
67, 90, 139, 176, 194–195
definition
30
ethnic label
25, 121
humor
162, 180–182
“Jajam C.”
161–191, 215–216
“Jajam N.”
93
migration to Mexico
2, 42–46
origins
1–2
Orthodox vs. traditionalist camps among migrants
66–67
palabras árabes
135–136
Shamis, relationship to
62
and Syria
2, 31
takaná
15, 62–63
and ultra-Orthodoxy/Haredi Judaism
4, 67, 186, 221
Hamui de Halabe, Liz
58, 60–61, 66–67, 129, 130
Haredi Judaism. See ultra-Orthodoxy
Haskalah
87
Hawayek de Ezcurdia, Antoinette
138
health (discussions of among university students)
209–217
Hebrew
“Jajam C.”
173
Modern Israeli
64, 138–139
polysemy
175
pronunciation (differences between Sephardi/Mizrahi and Ashkenazi varieties)
93–94, 122–123
and ultra-Orthodoxy
141
heritage
131–133
heritage words
26–27, 118, 128–135, 143, 149, 155, 157–160, 225. See also Arabic language; palabras árabes
Hernández Cruz, Anayeli
118–119, 159, 225–226
hierarchies
22–23, 25, 117
Historia de una alianza (book)
32
Holocaust
191
homelands
34–35
H1N1 (swine flu)
208–213
humor
and Ashkenazim
179–180, 182, 183, 185–186
boundaries, social
185
“canny” stereotypes
164, 182, 187–188
clases de Torá
170–187
diasporic chronotype
163
ethnic
161–163, 170–171, 185–188
Halebi
162, 180–182
hierarchies
186
Moses
179–182
relajo
27, 163, 166–171, 174–175, 177, 180, 182–185, 188, 225
social work
184–187
stereotypes
164–165, 174–175, 180, 187–188
“stingy” stereotype
175–177
teasing
122, 162–163, 182–183
ultra-Orthodox
170, 186
wealth
164
ideology. See specific ideologies, e.g., orientalism
Ídish (ethnic label and name of language)
178, 180, 183, 185
See also Ashkenazím; Yiddish
ídishe mame
180
immigration. See migration
Import Substitution Industrialization
50
indeterminacy
149–150, 157, 158, 186
indexicality
108–109, 112, 113, 116, 142–144
indigenísmo
47
industrialization
50
inseguridad (insecurity in Mexico City)
57, 71–72
Institutional Review Board
2n4
institutions, Jewish Mexican
50, 119
interjections
121
International Kabbalah Centre (ikc)
90
intimate culture
203–204
ishico/ishica
120
ishire
121
Islam
33–34, 35, 37–40, 142
“Israel shibboleth”
114–115, 205
Israel, State of
40–41, 54–55, 63–64, 66, 138, 199–200
Jacobson, Shari
65, 93
Jaffe, Alexandra
151, 157–158
Jajam
122
“Jajam C.”
160–187, 188–191, 215–216
“Jajam N.”
92–95
jamse
119, 150–152
jarám
121, 127, 141–142, 145, 146
jazito/jazit/jazita
120
Jewish linguistic repertoire
11, 107, 114, 118, 158, 205
Jewish Mexican communicative repertoire
11–12, 26, 107–108, 110–113, 125–126, 127, 171, 225
Jewishness
54, 205–208, 218
Jewish studies
3
Jewish Wars (short film)
25, 26, 83–84, 90–91, 95–96, 105, 108, 110, 113–117, 123–125, 162
jokes. See humor
Judeo-Arabic
136–137
See also Arabic
Judeo-Spanish
138
See also Ladino
Kabbalah
83n3, 90, 99
Kehilá Ashkenazí
62, 67
See also Comunidad Ashkenazí
Kershenovich, Paulette
124
Khazzoon, Aziza
14
kidnapping
72–73
kipe
119, 123–125
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara
26, 131
kiruv. See under ultra-Orthodoxy
Klein, Misha
73
knis
4, 122, 184
knishes
119
Kolangui Levin, Tamara
197–198
kolelito
92–93
kosher
65, 90, 96, 105, 144–147, 176–177
pronunciation of term
123
Labov, William
158
Ladino
7n11, 39
See also Judeo-Spanish
Lag B’omer
209
language
borrowing
130
contact
129
and diaspora
2, 16, 18–21, 23–24
diversity
126
emotion
133–135
ethnography
2
fresa speech
116–117, 204–205
and identity
21–22
interference
130
Jewish
106–108
Jewish Wars
105, 108
lexicon
118–125
markedness
154
and migration
20–21, 138
and practice
12, 21, 23
pronunciation
93–95, 110–112, 122–123, 179–180
relajo
166–168
schooling
193
shift
20–21, 128, 135, 138
social identity/practice
3, 108–110, 112
voicing
109n114
See also indeterminacy; indexicality; postvernacularity; stance
language ideologies
27, 105, 109, 128, 133, 135–139, 151–152, 158–159
Lauria, Antonio
167
Lave, Jean
78
Lebanon
35
Leon, Nissim
88, 102
Leona (film)
101, 221
Lerner, Susana
196
Lesser, Jeff
17
Levinson, Bradley
193
Levy, André
34
Levy, Daniel
196–197
Levy, Lital
1, 37
Léxico Judío Latinoamericano
113, 119, 159
lexicon. See under language
lgbtq+ people
223–224
l’heavek
26, 85, 98, 103–104, 222
Lieberman, Laura Arnold
3
Limonic, Laura
61
linguistic anthropology
21–25, 105–106, 225
loanwords. See heritage words
lokshn
122
Lomnitz-Adler, Claudio
49, 192, 203–204
López-Obrador, Andrés Manuel
71
Lulka, Mauricio
54
magic
87–88
Maguén David Community. See Halebis: Comunidad Maguén David
mámele
120
manufacturing
51
Mares, Roberto Eloy
75
Markowitz, Fran
76
marriage
boundaries, Jewish groups
7
brides
28, 219–222
community membership
62
intermarriage
10n18
takaná
62–63
and university
195, 201
Martínez Gómez, Rebeca
205
mayn kind
120
Mays, Devi
44
mertamí
120
mestizaje
25, 46–47, 54–55, 164
metalinguistic community
135–136
Metta Cohen, Marcos
223–225
“Mexican” (term/category)
42
Mexico
antisemitism
47–49
European migrant-descendants
203
independence
42
and Middle Easterners
48–49
migration
42–45, 48, 49–50
nationalism
49–50
Porfirio Díaz
45
race
44–46
revolution
45, 48
xenophobia
45, 49, 53–54
“Mexico for Mexicans”
46
migration
Halebi
2
and language
20–21, 138
legalized, to Mexico
42
memory
139
Mexico
43–45, 48, 49–50, 203
Ottoman Empire
40
and race
45–46, 48
Shami
2
Syria
2, 40, 43
undesirability
49
and Universidad Anáhuac
203
United States
43
mikveh
220–221
milagro mexicano
50
minoritization
20n47
Mitchell, Joanna
172
Mizrahim
66, 88, 102
modernity
85, 86–89, 102–104, 222
modesty (dress)
80, 96, 195, 206, 219–220
money (words for)
121–122
monolingual orientation
126
Monte Sinai. See Comunidad Monte Sinai
Mount Sinai (biblical)
175–177
Moses (biblical)
179–182
Moussali, Andre
78
Museo de Memoria y Tolerancia
54
naco
116
narcos
72
National Council to Prevent Discrimination
53
nationalism
39–41, 47–49
neighborhoods, Mexico City
50
neoliberalism
25, 51–52
nishtó farvos
120
nona
120
Norrick, Neal
174
numbers (words for)
121–122
Oldenburg, Ray
58
oral performance
106, 156, 172, 185, 212
orientalism
9, 13–15, 27, 28, 47, 87, 140, 143, 224
Oringer, Molly Theodora
35n14
orthodoxy/orthodoxies
89, 97–98
Otherness
55, 76, 116, 164, 168, 183, 227
Ottoman Empire
32–40
oy/oy vey/vai
121, 178
palabras árabes
127–130, 135, 141, 143, 159–160
See also Arabic; heritage words
palabras legadas
128
Palestine
40–41
Palti, Abraham
68
Palti, Nisso
68
parable of the bird with bad breath
209–213
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (pri)
50, 52
parnasá
181–182
parting phrases
119–120
Passover
144–145
Pastor, Camila
14, 35, 45
patriarchy
221–222
Pavlenko, Aneta
134
peace
214–216
peddling
43–44
Peeren, Esther
27, 163, 171–172
Peirce, Charles Sander
108n10
Peres, Shimon
199
periférico
70–71
persecution (of Jews in 20th-century Syria)
39–41
phonetics
113
See also sociophonetics
phonetic variation
113–114
pishar
121
Palti, Yaffa
68
pluralism
52–54
Polanco
69–70, 72, 201, 203
population, Jewish Mexico City
58
Porfirio Díaz
44–45, 49
positionality (of researcher)
74–81
postvernacularity
131–133, 143
pots
121
practice
19, 21
pragmatics
15
pronunciation. See under language
psychology (in discourse)
215
Quentin Café
100
Rab
122
race
22–23, 44–49, 115–117, 164, 224, 226
raciolinguistics
23
radio show (university students)
208–217
Rampton, Ben
193
Raucher, Michal
103
Rein, Raanan
17, 198n18
relajo. See under humor; language
religiosity
68, 79–81, 85, 86–89, 96, 97–98, 102–104, 140–142, 217, 218
research ethics and fieldwork
2n4, 10n17, 74–81, 100, 112–113, 188, 193–194, 219
ritual (words for)
119
Rodrigue, Aron
38
Saed, Ivonne
172
Said, Edward
13–14
saja/sajten
120, 155–157
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos
53
Saucedo Ramos, Claudia
167–168, 174, 182, 183
Schaffer, Lily
114
Schoenfeld, Stuart
24, 86
schools, schooling
59–60, 63–64, 193–197. See also clases de Torá; university
secularization
89, 102–103
security
73
Sefamí, Jacobo
128
Sefchovich, Sara
54
Semite/Semitic (as used in 20th-century Mexico)
48–49
Sephardim
7, 61, 66, 88, 121
Shabat shalom
120
Shabbat
4–5, 69, 90, 206
Shabes/Shabát
13–24, 119
shajato
13, 121, 142–143, 145, 186–187
Shamis
Beirut
31
definition
30
ethnic label
25, 121
Halebis, relationship to
62
l’heavek
85
Mexico City
7
migration
2
origins
1–2
palabras árabes
135–136
stinginess (stereotype)
177
and Syria
2, 31
takaná
62–63
shaná tová
120
Shandler, Jeffrey
26, 131–134, 143
shatra
121
Shavuot
175–177
Sheinbaum, Claudia
1
Shemá/Shemá Israel
12, 121, 125, 127, 144, 205
Shindler, Colin
41
shif shvester/shif bruder
120
shiske
121
Shohat, Ella
136
Shomrim LaBoker (synagogue)
100–101
shul
184
Silverstein, Michael
132
Sinagoga Histórica Justo Sierra
70, 54
Siu, Lok
16–17, 58
Siu, Paul
43
Skura, Susana
108n8, 112n20, 115n25, 118n33, 119, 138n30
socialization
191, 217
sociolinguistic variation
10–11
sociophonetics
113–117
sojourning
43
spirituality
85
See also religiosity
Stambuli, Emil
139
stance
109–110, 149–150, 160
Star Wars
83, 105
stereotypes
3, 9, 13, 140, 164–165, 174–175, 180, 187–188
stigma
225–227
Stillman, Norman
88
Stolow, Jeremy
4n6
Strategic Analysis Committee of the Comité Central de la Comunidad Judía de México
58
subalterns
159
subjectivity
18–19
suburbanization
69
superstition
15, 87, 140, 145–146, 152, 158, 180, 186
surnames
77, 178–179
swine flu. See H1N1
Sylvester, Natalia
134
synagogues
61–62, 63, 184
Syria
31, 38–41
See also Greater Syria
taboo language
121
takaná
15, 62–63
tanda
127, 147–149
Tanzimat reforms (Ottoman Empire)
37
tátele
120
tebilá
28, 195–196, 219–221
Tercer Espacio, El (Film)
58, 223
terms of endearment and affection
120
teshuvá. See under ultra-Orthodoxy
Tetreault, Chantal
22
third places
58
tolerance
198–199, 217–218
Torah
94, 97, 165–166, 206
Torah classes. See clases de Torá
tradition
65, 86–87
traditionalism
88
traffic
70
translingual practice
126
transnationalism
16, 28
Trudgill, Peter
158
tsu gezunt
120
tujes
121
Turco. See Sephardim
ultra-Orthodoxy
arabés
68
Argentina
111–112
and Ashkenazim
93, 112, 220–221
clases de Torá
165–166, 170, 172–174, 224
extremism
224
growth in Mexico City
64, 66
and Halebis
4, 67, 186, 221
and Hebrew
141
humor
170, 186
Jewish Wars
26, 84, 91, 105
kiruv
64, 67n30, 68, 80, 84, 90, 165
knowledge
215
Mexico City
7, 64, 66
pronunciation
111–112
terminology
4n6
teshuvá
64–66, 80, 85–86, 90, 141–142, 186, 218
wigs
95–96
Unikel, Monika
54, 60
Universidad Anáhuac
192, 193, 196–208, 215, 217–218
Universidad Autónoma de México (unam)
194, 197–198
university
6–7, 27–28, 97, 189, 191–196, 217
Jewish holidays, respect for
197
Vaishlaj (Torah portion)
189
variationist sociolinguistics
106
Vasconcelos, José
46, 47
verbal talismans
119
vernacular
157–158
See also postvernacularity
vocal fry/creaky voice
115–116
wealth
164, 205
Weingrod, Alex
34
Weinreich, Max
123
Wenger, Etienne
78
Whiteness
45, 46n47, 48, 224
wigs
6, 95–96, 218–220
Winford, Donald
130
women
92, 101, 195–196, 221
xenophobia
45, 49, 53–54
Yaakov
94, 189–191
Yalontesky, Romina
226
Yankelevich, Pablo
49
Yeshiva girls
221
Yeshivá Keter Torá
221
yeshivot
66
Yiddish
132, 134, 138–139, 178, 179–180, 183
Yom Kippur
99
Yosef, Ovadia
66
Yo Tampoco (Jewish lgbtq+ inclusion movement)
223
young adults
80
Young Turks
40
zayde/zeyde
120
Zenner, Walter
43
zijronó le brajá
119
Zionism
39–42, 63, 119