Index
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
315.
De Ricci, Seymour, Epigraphy
Accademia Ercolanese
5n6, 263.
Venosa
Accademia Romana di Archeologia (Pontifical)
74n170, 245
Adami, Leonardo
84n214
Adams, Henry
9
Aegina
17n37
Africa
24n6, 64, 224.
Tunisia
Agriculture
15–16, 53–54, 60, 63n132, 137–144, 158, 307
Akerblad, Johan David
70n156
Alatri, Samuele
280n43
Albano, road to. see Via Appia Pignatelli
Albani, Alessandro (Cardinal)
113
Alciato, Andrea
45n73
Alighieri, Dante
45–46n76
Altieri, Marco Antonio
62
Amati, Girolamo (Padre Zapata)
38n54, 311n179
Amici, Camillo (Monsignor)
171
Angelucci, family
293.
Velletri
Annales Ecclesiastici
63n133, 89, 93n28.
Baronio, Cesare (Cardinal)
antiquarianism
20n47, 27, 43–52, 59–62, 67–68, 73–74, 76–77, 87–92, 105–108, 116–120, 125–131, 148, 154, 168, 176, 204, 208, 215, 281n45, 307, 356.
archaeological scholarship
antiquities trade
5, 15–16, 45–49, 61–66, 71–72, 113–114, 139, 148, 158n82, 162–166, 169, 264n553, 273–274, 286–289, 292–294, 315–317, 342–343, 347.
papal edicts, excavation licenses (Rome)
Antonelli, Giacomo (Cardinal Vicar)
149, 275n13.
popes
Apulia. see Oria
aqueducts (Rome)
45, 138–139n3, 152, 158n82
Aquileia, gerusiarch from
212
Arch of Titus
44, 96–97, 140–141n10, 283, 338–339n296, 345
archaeological scholarship (Rome)
antiquarianism, artifacts, Commissione di Archeologia Sacra, De Rossi, Giovanni Battista, epigraphy, excavation licenses (Rome)
Christian archaeology (scientific methodology of)
2–5, 8–16, 73–76, 87, 90n18, 117–118, 131, 134–135, 256–258, 263n544, 308, 325–326
government policies toward
69–70n155, 96n41, 171–174, 208, 249–250, 273–275, 290–291, 310–311, 315–324, 347–348
in context of Nineteenth-century European colonialism
16–17, 17n38
Jewish archaeology
3, 20–22, 24–25, 78, 203n266, 241n432, 259–261, 280–282, 300–308, 318–320, 334–335, 338, 344–345, 354–358
nineteenth-century archaeological labor
13–15, 142–145, 161, 165–166, 207–208n289, 218–219n340
patronage and archaeological discoveries
9–10, 62–63, 74n170, 70–71, 88–89, 91, 95n37, 117–118, 133n199, 152, 169–170, 175–176, 208, 260n528, 291–292, 319
photography
17–18n40, 183–184, 186, 191–192n217, 203n268, 218n337, 253–254, 275–276, 296–297, 312–313, 323, 332n263, 335–338, 342, 344n314
Romano-centric perspective in Classical scholarship
12, 82
site and artifact conservation and monumentalization
2, 9n5, 44–45, 59–61, 65, 93–97, 112, 142–145, 157–158, 206, 218, 256–257, 286–287, 312–313, 320–321, 333–334
archival records
4–5, 23–24, 33–43, 53–55, 61–62, 99–101, 106–107, 140–144, 146–148, 279–280, 304–305n148, 335–336n281, 340n298, 342–344, 357.
de Rossi, Giovanni Battista, Vatican
architecture
26, 33, 51–54, 57–61, 63n132, 82–84, 87–88, 93–97, 115–116, 139, 147, 157–158, 163–166, 224, 231–236, 240–241, 251, 257–258, 270–271, 303–304, 358.
archaeological scholarship (Rome), masonry
artifacts
1–3, 5, 8, 13–14,16–18, 20–22, 23, 31–37, 41–42, 44–91, 98–99, 101–102, 105, 108, 115–116, 118n146, 124–131, 134, 140–165, 169, 173, 176, 179, 205–208, 214, 216n327, 241, 259–260, 262, 268–269, 286–288, 292–302, 308–309, 315–318, 321–324, 326, 341–344, 347–349, 355, 359.
epigraphy, lamps, masonry, sarcophaguses
Aringhi, Paolo, C.O.
28n19, 51n97, 77, 90n19, 1007–108, 116–118, 120–121, 127
Armellini, Mariano
53n104, 55n109, 100n63, 120–121n159, 199n250, 215n320, 296n109, 308n164, 358n24, 304
Ascoli, Graziadio Isaia
280, 284, 295n107
Baccelli, Guido
311
Bacoli (Campania)
49n87
Baldini, Costantino (Baron)
249–250, 273n4
Bamberger, Seligmann Baer
278n25
Bandini, Angelo Maria
67n150–151
Bargrave, John
51
Barnabei, Felice
4n4, 118n144, 133n200, 148n44, 206n282, 289n82, 290–291n84–85, 308n166, 310
Baronio, Cesare (Cardinal)
20n47, 32n34, 59–60n119, 63n133, 89, 90n22, 93n28, 105, 109
Bartoli, Pietro Sante
illustration of Jewish artifacts in Rome
61–62n128, 121n163
on looting of antiquities from excavation sites
66n146, 100–101n64, 101n69
on the challenge of identifying certain catacombs as Christian or pagan
120
on tunnels in the vineyard of the dei Nigris family on the via Appia
158n82
stories of demons haunting ancient ruins
115n130
Basilicata
4–5, 110n108.
Venosa
Bassi, Bartolomeo (Meo)
59n116
Bava Batra (Talmud)
254–255n498
Bayer, Theophilus Siegfried
48
Belli, Antonio
146n36
Bellori, Giovanni Pietro
61–62n128
Bellotti, Giacomo
69–70n155, 165–166n108
Bellucci, Filippo
167n120
Benjamin bin Abraham Anaw
27, 38–39
Benjamin ben Yonah of Tudela
description of historic tombs in Middle East
182n180
description of Rome’s ruins
25–33, 36n50, 120, 49
Latin versions of Benjamin’s Itinerary
33, 117
Berliner, Abraham (Rabbi)
account of visit to the Catacombs of Vigna Randanini
215n323, 282n50, 283n58, 285n66, 292, 294n102, 312n187
historical documentation of Jews in Rome
6, 33n35, 35n43, 38n55, 39n56, 40n59, 277n18, 279–280, 284n62
on Jewish iconography
240n423, 283, 284n60
publication of Greek texts from the Catacomb of Vigna Cimarra
261–262
scholarly rapport with de Rossi
3, 24n5, 257, 300–301, 301n132
scholarly rapport with Garrucci
266n558
Bianchini, Francesco (Monsignor)
129
Bianchini, Giuseppe, C.O.
63n133, 67–68, 71n157, 114n125, 163n102
Bible
and archaeology
3, 19–20, 73n166, 118n146, 304n145
Biblical origins of Christian practices and beliefs
83, 270
connection to prominent Christian relics in Rome
98n50, 103–104, 107
historical Jesus studies
281
manuscript studies
8–9
Biblical Commission (Biblicum)
324–325
blood libel claims
111–112
Bode Museum (formerly Kaiser Friedrich Museum)
173n143, 316–317
Boldetti, Marcantonio
apology for catacomb relics
103n78, 104–105n87, 118–119, 122n169, 134
catacomb exploration
13n23, 63–64n134, 83–84, 90n19, 95n36, 98–101, 112–114, 116n134, 120, 127–130, 152–153, 155n71, 159
Boldrini, Giovanni Maria
147n37
Bollandists
108
Bonghi, Ruggero
311
Borgia, Stefano (Cardinal)
as collector of Jewish epigraphy
17n40, 18n41, 48–49n87, 55n111, 64, 69–72
involvement in relic translations
70–71, 130
Bosio, Antonio
collector of antiquities
21–22n53, 61–62, 103
exploration of catacombs
15, 21–23, 42n66, 44–45n73, 46–47, 50–51, 55, 66, 68n153, 100, 106–107, 114n126, 120–121, 127, 134, 174, 197, 202–203, 206n278, 215, 266n561, 317
interactions with Jews in Rome
43n67
relic recognition
105, 112, 128
Bottari, Giovanni
antiquarian studies
59n116, 67n150, 84n214–216, 130n189, 153n62
identification of Christian and Jewish artifacts
100n61, 127n180, 380n163
Bovillae (Frattocchie)
142
bridges
Aelian (Pons Aelius)
27
Bianco
333
Fabricius (Ponte Quattro Capi)
27n16, 37n51
Pignatelli
140–141n10, 159n85
Bruzza, Luigi, B.
262, 293–294n100
Buonarotti, Filippo
100n63, 124–125
Buonaventura, Alessandro (Monsignor)
128
Burgon, John William
belief in Jewish origins of catacombs
83, 304n147
copies of Jewish epitaphs from collections in Rome and Naples
17–20, 22, 52n100, 71, 75n175, 231n43
friendship with de Rossi
10–12, 48, 131–133
views on relics and Catholicism
8–9, 103n79, 107
visits to catacombs in Rome
13–16, 354
Brancaleoni, Alessandro Matarozzi (Count)
68
Bruni, Girolamo, C.O.
87n2
Bryant, William Cullen
10n11
burial practices
Christian
2, 81–82, 83–85, 92–93, 99, 147, 161–162, 181, 185, 224–225, 258–260, 304
cremation
185, 207
Jewish
1, 5n6, 20–21, 34–35, 64–65n139, 86, 152, 172n138, 173, 180, 192, 195, 197–198, 200, 215–216, 223–225, 253, 256, 270, 274n7, 275n11, 281n44, 284n62, 294–295, 303–307, 308–308n168, 319–320, 355–356
Jewish (modern)
21–22, 24–25n7, 61n127, 352–353
pagan features
51–52, 60, 75–78, 84, 118n146, 145n28, 147, 171, 174–175, 181, 195, 202n261, 206n279, 212, 239n419, 240–242, 269, 276, 343–344
ritualistic entombment of Jesus
18–20, 83, 112n116, 227n377
Burnet, Gilbert
116–117n137, 165n107
Burton, Frank V.
293n96
Caetani, family
33n37, 140n10
Cahier, Charles
241
Calvin, John
32n34, 97, 109
Campagna, Giampietro (Marquis)
144
Cancellieri, Francesco
146–147n36
Canina, Luigi
142–143, 159n85, 167–169
Canova, Antonio
85n218
Capgrave, John
30, 32n33–34, 33n37, 37n52, 41–42n65, 44n70, 98n51, 106
Capponi, Alessandro Gregorio (Marquis)
18n41, 62n131
Cardinali, Clemente
123n173, 130n188
Carpegna, Gaspare da (Cardinal)
Carpegna collection
63n133, 127n180
estate on via Aurelia
101–102n69
oversight of catacombs and relics as Cardinal Vicar of Rome
128–129
Casanate Girolamo (Cardinal)
33
Castellani, Agostino
206n282, 274n6, 206n282
Castellini, Giovanni Zaratino
42n66, 56, 115n130
Castiglioni, Vittorio (Rabbi)
55n110.
Hebrew
catacombs (Rome)
access to
13–14, 50–51, 66–67, 69–70n155, 70–71n157, 73–74, 77–78, 101, 106–107, 117–118, 130n189, 131–136, 277–278, 285–286, 312, 335–339, 347–348, 350n346
restoration and preservation
95, 115, 290–296, 300, 310–317, 321–324, 333–335, 340, 347–351
structure
1–2, 34–35, 344n313
theories about
2, 5–6, 17–20, 22–24, 32–33n35, 44n72, 46–49, 52n100, 81–94, 98–100, 102–103, 106–108, 110–113, 116, 120, 122–125, 127–133, 279–285, 303–304, 307–309, 318–321, 334–335, 354–360.
archaeological scholarship (Rome), artifacts, Commissione di Archeologia Sacra, relics
Aproniano
201n259
Callisto
4–5, 13–16, 41–42n65, 75, 105, 110n106, 120n154, 150n54, 154n70, 157–158, 180–181, 185–185, 195n235, 197n240, 221, 222n351, 230n384, 232–233n394, 239–240n421, 243, 247, 258n519, 273n3, 340n299, 355n9, 358
Campana
41–42n65, 172–173n142, 358
Coemeterium Maius
13–14n24, 131n193, 290n84
Commodilla
121, 129n186, 319–321
Domitilla
26n13, 32, 95n36, 153–154, 174–175n148, 180, 185, 197n240, 224, 239–240n421, 244, 302n143
Felicità (di Sant’Antonio)
156n77
Generosa
185n195
Grotto of the Greeks (Acqua Bollicante)
101–102n69, 291n89
Grotta dei Martiri (Casaletto of Pius V)
101n69
Labicana (Jewish). see Vigna Apolloni
Monteverde (Jewish)
21–22, 27–29, 37–38, 44–45n73, 46–48, 63–65, 67–68, 114, 120, 125, 129–130n187, 134–135, 161–163, 176n155, 197, 215–216, 258, 260, 268n563, 295–296, 298, 311n178, 315n195, 317–322, 325–326, 333–334, 341–342n304, 348–349n339
Nomentana (Jewish). see Villa Torlonia
Nunziatella
174–175n148, 248–249n467
Ponziano
47n81, 101n69, 115n129, 128
Pretestato (S. Urbano)
13–14n24, 16, 31–32n32, 60n121, 67n149, 69–70n155, 75n174, 83–84n214, 130, 149–150, 153–155, 171n136, 180n174, 185, 195n234, 207, 213n315, 296–297n113, 305, 312n188
Priscilla
65–66n144, 95n37, 110–111n110, 120–121n159, 162n100
Roma Vecchia (Cento Scaline)
238n413, 293n98, 303n141
S. Lorenzo (Ciriaca)
40n58, 41–42n65, 67n150, 110n108, 160n91, 162n100, 233, 289n82
Sant’Agnese
13–14n24, 41–42n65, 74–74n171, 120n154, 197n240, 289n82, 303n143
Sant’Alessandro
13–14n24, 119, 174–175n148
Sant’Ermete (ad Girellum)
41–42n65, 92n27, 99, 240n421, 299n120, 308n164
SS. Marcellino e Pietro
96–97n39, 125, 128, 131n190, 248–249n467, 251n479, 299–300, 355
S. Pancrazio (Calepodio)
41–42n65, 79n193, 87n4, 93n29, 102, 109
S. Sebastiano
31–33, 97n46, 115n129, 127, 132n196, 149–150, 152–155, 158–160, 163–164, 171n136, 180n176, 185n193, 202n262, 207–208n289, 211n304, 222–223n355, 233n394, 293–294n99
Tor Fiscale
170n131, 217
Trasone
111n113
Trebio Giusto
269n570
Via Anapo
60–61, 95n37, 248–249n467
Vigna Apolloni (Jewish)
41n61, 79, 296, 299–300, 321n218
Vigna Cimarra (Jewish)
261–262, 292, 340n298–299
Vigna Randanini
3–6, 16, 21–22, 43n67, 60, 137–277, 280n39, 282–293, 296–297, 301–306, 309–317, 324–325, 328–333, 334–344, 346–347, 350, 353, 356, 358–360
Valentino
41–42n65, 74–75n171, 87n4, 185n195
Via Appia Pignatelli
300n125, 305–307, 319
Via Aurelia
248–249n468
Via Latina
66n146, 84–85n218, 161, 174–175, 223n357
Vibia
83–84, 239, 263, 307–308, 319–320
Villa Torlonia
19n44, 37n52, 40–41, 46n78,79–81, 114n124, 141n13, 203, 214n317, 231, 243n440, 254–255n498, 281–282n49, 308, 321–322, 333, 335n275, 343–344, 349, 351
catacombs (Latium)
Paliano
216n324
S. Ilario (Valmontone)
103n78
cemeteries (Rome)
ad catacumbas (Memoria apostolorum)
32n34, 152, 160n89
Campo Verano
289n82, 294–295n104, 338n297, 346
Campus Judaeorum
37–38, 40n59, 41–42n66, 44–45n73, 48n86, 53–54n104, 61–63, 104, 134n204, 295n105, 310–311
Ortaccio degli Ebrei (Jewish)
337, 339, 355n9
S. Felice (Via Portuense)
47n81
Commissione di Archeologia Sacra (CDAS)
excavation and restoration work
13n23, 142–143, 185n195, 221–222, 257, 286–287n69
identifying and excavating Jewish catacombs
169, 174, 218–219n339, 291–292n90, 293–294n99, 298–300, 319, 358
jurisdiction over catacombs
12n20, 77, 82–83, 119, 148–149, 169–170, 174–175, 250, 289–292, 300, 305–306, 308–309, 321, 325–326
Congregations
Congregation of the Index
116–117
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide)
70n156
Congregation for Sacred Rites and Indulgences
11n16, 69–70, 82–83n210, 92n27, 98–99n53, 119, 121, 127n180, 264–265n557
Council of Trent
48–49, 86–88, 91–93, 95–96, 102–105, 120, 134, 165n107
Cederna, Antonio
340n298
Chacón, Alonso
41–42n65, 93n28, 95n37, 117
Charles of Anjou (King of Sicily)
38n55
churches and monasteries (Rome)
S. Agnese (Nomentana)
52n102, 74–75n171
SS. Andrea e Gregorio al Celio
34, 94–95n35
S. Apollinare
31–32n32, 73n166
Basilica Apostolorum. see S. Sebastiano ad Catacumbas
S. Benedetto in Piscinula
46n78, 53n104
S. Biagio de Curte
37–38n54
Sta. Bibiana
41–44
Sta. Cecilia
37–38n54, 53n104, 93n28, 105
S. Cosimato
41, 53–54
Sta. Elena at SS. Marcellino e Pietro (Mausoleum)
115n129, 128
S. Erasmo. see land grants and leases (Rome)
S. Francesco a Ripa
37–38n54, 61
Gesù (Church of the Jesuits)
95–96
SS. Giovanni e Paolo. see land grants and leases (Rome)
Granary Chapel (Anglican)
8, 131
Lateran (Cathedral)
26n14, 96–97, 104–105
S. Lorenzo in Damaso
52–53, 98n51, 241
S. Lorenzuolo de Janiculo
40n58
S. Lorenzo in Verano
40n58, 54–55
Sta. Maria Antiqua (Oratory of the Forty Martyrs)
51–52
Sta. Maria degli Angeli
106, 109n104
Sta. Maria in Aracoeli
111, 259n520
Sta. Maria Nova. see land grants and leases (Rome)
Sta. Maria in Trastevere
129–130n187
SS. Nereo ed Achilleo
153n67, 290n84
S. Pasquale Baylon (or SS. Quaranta)
53n104, 62n131
St. Paul’s
33n37, 53–54n104, 75, 162–163, 259, 316n196
St. Peter’s
51n97, 54–55, 59, 88, 94, 109n103
S. Petronilla. see SS. Nereo ed Achilleo
S. Pietro in Vincoli
43–44n69
S. Prassede
40n58, 103n103
S. Salvatore de Corte (S. Maria della Luce)
53n104, 134n204
S. Sebastiano ad Catacumbas
33n37, 41–42n65, 163–164
S. Silvestro al Quirinale
57n113
S. Stefano Rotondo
104–105n87
S. Urbano alla Caffarella
115n129, 130, 152n57
Chwolson, Daniel
295n107
circuses
Apollinaris
31–32n32
Circus Maximus
26–27n15, 31–32, 155n72
Maxentius (Caracalla)
29n24, 30–33, 141, 145n31, 152–153n62, 159n85, 163n103, 166n112, 169, 248–249n467
Civiltà Cattolica
265n557, 266.
Garrucci, Raffaele, S.J., Jesuits
Clermont-Ganneau, Charles
281n45, 284n62
Colchester necropolis
206n279
Colonna, family
33, 46, 79, 85n218, 208n292
columbaria
60n122, 143–144, 216–217, 256, 268n565, 271n581, 273, 275–276, 297n115
columns (Honorary)
95–96n39, 139
Combi, Pietro. see custodian of the Holy Relics and Cemeteries
Consalvi, Ercole (Cardinal)
23–24n4
Contarino, Luigi
112n116, 163n105
Contucci, Contuccio S.J.
62n131, 129, 155
corpisantari (relic diggers)
13n23, 67, 100–101, 106–107n96, 113, 122, 155n71, 160, 196
Crescenzi, Giacomo
97n46
Crimea
24n6
custodian of the Holy Relics and Cemeteries
77, 112, 118–119, 121, 128–130, 162–163.
corpisantari (relic diggers), Boldetti, Marcantonio, Ponzetti, Giacomo
D’Agincourt, Jean Baptiste Louis Georges Seroux
82n208
De Angelis d’Ossat, Gioacchino
307n159, 333–334n268
D’Azeglio, Massimo
273
Danzetta, Fabio
130n187
De Bagarris, Pierre Antoine Rascas
44–45n73, 59n116
De Bello, Francisco
52–53
De Brosses, Charles
61n125–126, 96–97, 102n74, 103n76, 116–117n137
De Ficoroni, Francesco
129n186, 159
Del Frate, Ignazio
137n2, 143–144, 148–149, 208
Del Gallo di Roccagiovine, family
312
Del Grande, family
147–148
De Merode, Francis Xavier, Monsignore
290n84
De Montfaucon, Bernard, O.S.B.
44n70, 108
De Montor, Alexis-François Artaud
32–33, 82n208, 100n62, 161n95, 166n112, 283
De Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri
117, 121
Derenbourg, Joseph
284, 300–301
De Ricci, Seymour
312n184, 316n196, 323.
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
De Rossi, Camillo Luigi
23–24n4
De Rossi, Giovanni Battista
as Vatican archivist
10, 24n5, 33, 66n145, 298–299
documentation of Jewish sites and artifacts
16, 16–17n37, 18, 43, 72, 80, 90, 121, 122–124, 138, 142–143, 145, 157n78, 162n101, 163n103, 171–173, 180, 205–206, 207n285, 224–225, 239–240, 245n452, 247, 250, 256–262, 270, 278, 293–294, 296–297n113, 299–300, 326, 355–356
epigraphic study
23, 47–48, 63–64n134, 69n155, 78n191, 148n43, 268–269
mentorship and scholarly network
3, 6, 12–13, 48, 131–133, 263–264, 271, 275–276, 288, 291–292, 298, 300–301, 305
methodology and influence on later research
2–7, 9–12, 14–15, 23–24, 30–34, 41–42, 67, 73, 74, 76, 83–87, 101, 130–131, 133–136, 147, 150n54, 150–151n56, 153–154, 159–160, 180–181, 185–186, 195–196, 197n240, 215, 217–218n335, 219n343, 221, 222n351, 230n384, 252n484, 266, 286–287, 301n130, 303–304, 354–360
position on Catholic dogma and authenticity of relics
10, 12–13n22, 28, 70–71, 90–92, 95, 100n61, 112–113, 115n130, 119, 169–170, 174–175, 210–211n298, 214n319, 240n422, 243
service to CDAS and other archaeological commissions
117–118, 145n31–32, 174–175, 176n155, 264–265, 289–291, 305–308, 310n176
De Rossi, Michele Stefano
23–24n4, 83n211, 260, 266n560
De Rothschild, Edmond (Baron)
274, 277, 283n58
De Saulcy, Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart
182n180, 241n432, 270n576
De Smet, Martin (Smetius)
57n113
De Vogüé, Marie-Eugène-Melchior (Viscount)
224, 241n432, 266n560, 272n51
De Winghe, Philippe
59n116, 160n89–91
Di Costanzo, Giustino
71n157, 162
Di Segni, Riccardo (Rabbi)
61n127
districts and city quarters (Rome)
Mica Aurea
41, 53n104
Monteverde
27–28, 37–38, 52n102, 83–84, 134–135, 295–296, 316, 311–312n178, 317–319, 325–326, 333–334
Sant’Angelo (Ghetto)
27n16, 34, 61
Trastevere
24–25n7, 37–38n54, 43n67, 53–54n104
Dura Europos
244, 337–338
Egio, Benedetto
44–45n73
Egypt
Borgia, Stefano, Marucchi, Orazio
ancient burial practices of
19, 224
archaeology of
24n6, 82, 118, 281n45, 285, 301n130
Eisler, Robert
243n444.
iconography
Eliot Norton, Charles
11n17, 22n54–55, 174n147, 294–295n103
epigraphy
Christian
51–52n100, 77–78, 92–93n28, 110–111n110, 173n144, 197–198, 257–260, 156n76, 161
Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum (CIJ)
44–45n73, 47–48n84, 48–49n87, 64n138, 65n142, 72n165, 84–85n218, 146–147n36, 162n101, 171n136, 192n218, 207n288, 242–243n438, 259n520, 262n540, 268n565, 306n156, 319–320n213, 322–323, 325n232, 330–331, 335n278, 359n32
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL)
26–27n15, 44–45n73, 48n84, 48–49n87, 55n110, 62, 148, 207n285, 208n290, 217n329, 286–287n69, 302n134
Jewish
2, 17–21, 37–38n54, 39, 43–46, 48n86, 55, 57–59, 62–74, 84–85, 100n61, 122, 124n173, 128–130, 154n70, 162–163, 171–172, 180n174, 208n291, 212, 214–217, 254n496, 257–263, 266–270, 278, 281n44, 282–284, 293, 295, 301–303, 308, 310n174, 316–317n199, 322–323, 324n231, 325–326, 342–343n308
Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe (JIWE)
16–17n37, 17–18n41, 20–21n50, 21–22n53, 34–35n42, 36n48, 40n58, 43n67, 47–48n84, 53–54n104, 55n111, 57n113, 58, 58–59n116, 62n131, 62–63n132, 64, 64–65n139, 66n145, 68n153, 69–70n155, 70–71n157, 72, 80–81n201, 84–84n218–219, 100n61, 124–125, 127n180, 129–130, 146–147n36, 154n70, 155–157, 161n97, 162n101, 162–163n101, 164, 165–166n108, 171–173, 177, 180n174, 183n185, 184n191–192, 196n238, 206, 210n302, 211–212, 214n319, 214–215n320, 233, 235, 242, 251, 254, 256n505, 257n510, 259n520, 260n530, 262n540, 268, 268–269n567, 277–278n23, 283–284, 288n74–76, 291n87, 292–293n95–96, 298n117, 300, 301n132–133, 302n134, 304, 306n156, 315–316n196, 316–317n198, 317, 319–320n213, 321–322n219, 322–323, 323–324n223–224, 323n226–227, 325n232, 328–329n245, 330–331, 337–338n290, 339, 341–342n304, 342–343n307–308
Opistographs
36n48, 51–53, 72n163, 206
Study and transmission
48–49n87, 50n92, 132n195, 323, 336–337, 347, 359
Erythraeus, Janus Nicius
115n130
Etruscans
82n208, 281n45
Ewing, William (Guglielmo)
275–276n13, 304
excavation licenses (Rome)
4, 54–55n106, 61–63n131, 143–144, 146n35, 148–149, 176n155, 207–208, 250, 274, 289, 292, 296n111.
catacombs
Fabiani, Enrico
278, 298n117
Fabretti, Raffaele
as collector of antiquities
68n153, 114, 286–287n69
critical study of catacomb topography and artifacts
89, 108n99, 116, 118n145, 127
epigraphic studies
44–45n73, 124n173
topographical study of ancient Rome and Latium
29–30n24, 99, 152, 158n82
Fasola, Umberto M., B.
Commissione di Archeologia Sacra
analysis of graffiti at Vigna Randanini
324n229, 336–338
excavation and restoration of Jewish catacombs
80n200, 349–350n342–346 involvement with renegotiation of Lateran Treaty 356
Falzacappa Census (1839)
141n13, 153n66
Fea, Carlo
59n118, 74–75
Ferrua, Antonio, S.J.
Commissione di Archeologia Sacra, epigraphy
catacomb study
84n214, 216n324, 231n388
on de Rossi
12–13n22, 91, 106–107n96, 116n134, 133n199, 175n151, 259n520, 263n545, 265n557
recovery of stolen artifacts from the catacombs
297n113, 341–342
study of Jewish artifacts
48–49n87, 57n113, 65n140, 85n220, 156n76, 268n564, 293n95, 324n231, 326n240–242, 344n314
Fiorelli, Giuseppe
278, 290n84, 294, 295, 297n115
Flavia Domitilla
32.
Titus Flavius Clemens
Fontana, Francesco
186, 217
Fortunati, Lorenzo
16, 144–146, 170n131, 174–175, 192n221, 223n357–358, 263, 286n68, 294–295n103, 303n141
forums
Augustus
43–44n69
Roman (Campo Vaccino)
26, 51–52, 100–101n64, 106n94, 143n16, 346
Trajan
48–49n87
Franchetti, family. see Grandi, family
Freud, Sigmund
312
Frey, Jean Bapstiste C.S.Sp.
compilation of CIJ (Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum)
316n196, 320n213, 323n224, 325–327, 337, 341–342n303
fieldwork in Randanini catacomb
146–147n36, 171n136, 210n302, 219n342–343, 222n353, 230n383, 243n438, 245n455, 324n238, 328–333
proposed existence of additional possibly Jewish catacombs in Rome
307n159, 335.
Pfesister, Pierre
Fürst, Julius (Rabbi)
277–278n23
Garrucci, Raffaele, S.J.
documentation of the Vigna Randanini excavations
144–145n28, 166n111, 173n143, 176n155, 178n163–164, 179n170, 180, 182n179–181, 183n184, 188n201, 189, 190n211–212, 192n219, 202n261, 212–219, 227, 233n395, 235, 239n416, 245–247, 249–252, 259, 266–268, 278n25, 287, 289, 292, 293n99, 296–297n113, 304, 313
interpretation of Jewish artistic traditions
204–206, 211n307, 216n325, 218n336, 240–243, 252n481, 268–269, 288n76, 323n224
rivalry with de Rossi
133n199, 171n136, 259n521, 263–265, 332–333, 356
views on Jewish funerary practices
175n149, 182n180, 185n195, 197–201, 223–224, 258, 260n531, 269–271, 277–278
Gatti, Giuseppe
315, 322
Gatti, Guglielmo
72n162
Gennaro (Saint)
of Naples
102n70, 109, 112
of Rome
67n149, 149
Geology
geological strata around Rome
75, 89, 139n6, 140
of catacombs
188n201, 189, 194, 229, 391, 318n205
Germany
387.
Prussian Institute for Archaeology, Wissenschaft des Judentums
Ghetto (Rome)
61, 93–94, 277, 278, 310, 339
Gillespie, William Mitchell
12, 119
Giraud, family
78–80
Goodenough, Erwin Ramsdell
85n220, 244, 269n567, 288, 302, 323n227, 343–344
Graffiti (ancient)
76, 171n35, 263, 281n45, 325
Graffiti (modern)
324, 336–339, 350
Grandi, Alessandro
146–148, 166n112, 211, 274n6
Greece
16–17, 24n6.
Aegina
Gregorovius, Ferdinand
views on de Rossi
11n17
on excavation of Ancient Roman monuments
14, 22n57, 249–250n470, 291
on Jews in Rome
26–27, 33–34, 43–44, 286n68
on repressive policies of papacy
265n557, 266n559, 274
Grifi, Luigi
207–208, 215, 217n332, 236, 245n452, 271, 273n4, 287
Grotto of Egeria (nymphaeum)
43n67, 154–155
Guidi, Giovanni Battista
excavations in Rome
144n22, 174–175n148
reports from Vigna Randanini
149, 274–275
Guidi, Ignazio
284n63, 292
Hadrian (Roman Emperor)
27, 111
Hagiography
29–32, 34–35n42, 57n115, 67, 84n216, 89–90, 93–96, 106n94, 110–112, 114–115, 162n100, 258n516, 271n580, 356–357.
miracles, relics
Hare, Augustus
20, 285n65
Hebrew
marking ancient artifacts
16–17n37, 37–38n54, 53n104, 68n154, 128–129, 154–155, 162n101, 278, 280, 283–284, 295n107, 342–343n308
manuscripts and study of
25–26, 33–34, 45–46, 50n92, 117, 263–264, 270, 298n117, 342
used for inscriptions in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period
24n6, 55, 57–58, 104, 310–311.
epigraphy (Jewish), graffiti (modern)
Heidenheim, Moritz
278
Henzen, Wilhelm
197n241, 203n267, 242n437, 280n39, 293–294n99
Herzog, Ernst
16, 148–149, 166n111, 171n135, 178–179, 182n179, 188–192, 197n241, 201n260, 203–207, 209n293, 215, 257, 260n531
Hills (Rome)
Aventine. see Ortaccio degli Ebrei
Janiculum
39–40n58, 53–54n104
Monte d’Oro (Monte d’Oro delle Hebrei, Mons Aureus)
40–41n61
Monte de’Giudei (Mons Judeorum)
40–41
Mons Albinus
140–141n10
Mons Allemagni
29n24, 140–141n10
mons Sancti Valentini
40n58
mons Sancti Ypoliti
40n58
Monteverde
27–28, 296n109, 317n202.
catacombs, Monteverde (Jewish)
Hirschfeld, Otto
278.
Venosa, Epigraphy (Jewish)
Holstein, Lucas
28n19, 44–45n73, 67n150, 87, 99, 103n78
Holy Land
19–20, 24n1, 103, 224, 252–253, 270–271, 281, 303.
Israel, Land of
Humanistic study
and antiquarianism
29n44, 72, 86–90, 131, 281n45
convivial meetings in catacombs and other ruins
115n130
of Jewish antiquities in Rome
20n47, 43–45
“Republic of Letters”
48.
antiquarianism, epigraphy
Iconography
Biblical figures
26, 177, 205n275, 239n419, 241, 270n574, 284n61
cross (crucifix)
36–37n52, 89, 164–165
horses
239–244
lulav
78, 203, 227–228, 262, 293–294n99
martyrdom
49n89, 92–93n28, 161–162, 271n580
menorah
21, 32, 52, 57n113, 78, 120–124, 154–155n71, 160, 171, 200n254, 202–203, 205, 212, 227, 283, 285, 301n133, 344–345, 355
Orpheus
242–244
palm
36–37n52, 177, 252–253, 296n109, 298–299, 306
palm branch as symbol of Christian martyrdom
77, 106–108, 119, 121–122, 124, 129, 152, 154–155
palm in Jewish iconography
122, 227, 154–155, 227, 252–253, 323n224
palm tree
177, 251–253 298–299, 306
Passion
104–105
shepherd (pastoral)
242–244
“signs of sanctity”
77–61, 106, 108, 119–122, 129, 152, 154–155
Torah shrine
121n161, 124
Israel, Land of
antiquities of
73n166
Cave of Machpelah
227, 233–234, 270–271
in Christian art
26
invocations to in Jewish epitaphs
55n110.
Holy Land
Israel, Modern State of
338, 345–347, 349n341.
Zionism
Italy, Modern State of
archaeological scholarship, Jews (Italy), Papal States
Credaro Accord (1912)
321–322, 325–326
Italian unification (1870)
24, 273, 279, 289–292, 300
Lateran Accord (1929)
333–334
negotiations with UCEI
346–353
Superintendence of Excavations and Monuments
292n91, 295–296
Post-Unification Italy preservation policies
305–306, 310–311, 317–319, 342–343, 339–340
Jacur, Leone Romanin
310
Jerusalem
caverns in city environs
20n47
Tomb of the Prophets
234n398
Tomb of the Judges (Sanhedrin)
281n45
Tomb of Queen Helena (Tomb of the Kings)
282n51
Tomb of Jesus (Holy Sepulchre)
19, 83, 227n377. See also iconography, tomb typology
Jesuits
24, 50n92, 92n27, 62–63n131, 73, 81–83, 89–90, 92n27, 95–96, 106–110, 240–241n427, 243n443, 264–266
Jewish Museum (New York)
342–343
Jews (Italy)
36–37n51, 39, 105.
Naples, Oria, Ostia, Venosa
Jews (Rome)
Catholic Church’s teaching on and treatment of
1, 20–22, 28n19, 45–46, 90, 98–99, 105–106, 113, 117–118, 120–125, 128–129, 135, 169–170, 239n419, 270–271, 282–284, 303–304, 319–321, 324–325, 351, 348–349, 358–359
cemeteries
1–4, 38n55, 16–17, 19–20, 33–35, 37–38, 40–42, 45, 72, 79–80, 84–84n218, 104, 135, 296, 308–309, 337, 346.
catacombs
cult centers
34–37, 43, 46n78, 53n104, 57n114, 96, 134n204, 310–311, 336
documentation of
2–5, 17–18, 33–34, 36, 55, 134–135, 355–360
folklore
25–28, 111–112
involvement in antiquities trade
61–62
legal rights under Roman law
35–36
legends of Jerusalem Temple vessels hidden in Rome
26, 30, 32–34, 61, 103–104, 111, 279, 348–349
response to catacomb discoveries
3, 6, 24–25, 218–219n339, 277–284, 292, 294–295, 299–301, 307, 310–311, 318–319, 333–335, 342, 344–345, 347–353, 356–358
toponymals linked to Jewish settlement in Rome
26–27, 34–35, 40–42, 61n127, 105, 154–155, 298n117
Josephus
25, 30
Josi, Enrico. see catacombs, museums and collections (Rome)
Jubilee (Rome)
93–96, 107–108, 117, 159, 351
Judaism
diaspora
3, 16–17, 19–21, 135, 203, 205, 215n323, 233–234, 241n432, 275, 282–285, 319–320, 344, 347, 357
study of
16–17, 24–25, 45–46, 124, 180n174, 205, 216n325, 277–286, 319–322, 326, 335n275, 356–358
Judaea
260.
iconography, Israel
Kaufmann, David (Rabbi)
3, 266n558, 281–284, 296, 299–300, 318–319, 357–358
Keyssler, Johann Georg
106–107n96, 109n103
relics
Kircher, Athanasius, S.J.
67n150, 73, 89–90, 99, 105n89
antiquarianism, museums and collections (Rome), Tivoli
Krauss, Samuel
319–320, 358
Labruzzi, Carlo
165–167
Lais, Filippo
183n186, 275–276n13, 313–314n193
Lambruschini, Luigi (Cardinal Vicar)
76, 81n203
Lambertini, Prospero. see Benedict XIV
lamps
casual dispersal of as souvenirs
143, 206, 286–287
in columbaria
216n327
in Jewish catacombs without Jewish emblems
85n220
with Jewish emblems
17–18, 21–22n53, 48, 53–54n104, 61–62n128, 68n153, 121–124, 127n180, 157n78, 261n535, 287n70, 293–294n99, 296–300, 356n13
Wollmann collection of
316–317n198
Lanciani, Rudolfo
concerns over casual destruction of monuments
46n79, 54–55n107, 89n14, 96n41–43, 290–291, 297n114
documentation of excavations
146n35, 154n69, 166n112, 216–217n328, 293n95, 300–301
on alleged miraculous cures from relics
103n76
on Jews of Rome
45–46n76, 61n126
on Roman legends
115–116
land grants and leases (Rome)
33–36, 40–42, 53–54, 78–79, 137n2, 140–141n10, 142n15, 146–147, 165–166n108, 287
Landucci, Ambrogio, O.S.A.
94n34, 97–98, 114.
relics
Le Blant, Edmond
3, 17n37, 305n149.
epigraphy (Jewish)
Leibniz, Gottfried von. see Fabretti, Raffaele, relics
L’Empereur, Constantijn. see Benjamin of Tudela
Lenormant, François
18n43, 295n107.
Venosa, epigraphy (Jewish)
Leon, Harry Joshua
description of Catacomb of Vigna Randanini
186n199, 194n228, 206n281, 223n356, 230–231n386, 235n402, 244, 254n493, 260n531, 296–297n113, 316n196, 323–325, 334–335n276, 336–337, 340n298, 343n311
documentation of Jewish inscriptions
18n41, 48n86, 48–49n87, 57–59n116, 63–64n134–135, 68n153, 71–72n161, 315n195
observations on Monteverde catacomb’s decline
63n132, 318n205, 335n279
Levi, Giuseppe Raffaele (Rabbi)
advocacy for Jewish cultural heritage preservation
278–279n29
study of Jewish artifacts
25n8, 241, 281–282n48–49
Lévy, Moritz A. (Rabbi)
17n37–38, 25n8, 44–45n73, 241n430, 277n17, 283n56
Liber Pontificalis
41–42n65, 153–154n67
Ligorio, Pirro
on ancient monuments on the Via Appia
60–61, 155, 157–158, 167
on destructive practices of excavation in ancient sites
55
on relic invention
92n26, 102n72, 108
Lombards
88
Lumbroso, Giacomo
300.
Roman School
Ludovici, FIlippo. see Settele, Giuseppe
Lupi, Antonio Maria, S.J.
53n104, 154–155n71, 156n77.
epigraphy (Jewish), sarcophaguses
Luther, Martin
94, 97.
relics
Mabillon, Jean, O.S.B.
108, 118.
relics
Maimonides. see Benjamin of Tudela
Maitland, Charles, Rev.
9, 106n94, 132
King Malgalbinus. see Benjamin of Tudela
Malmesbury, William of
29–30n24, 41–42n65.
pilgrimage and shrines
Malta
82, 231n388, 251n477, 356n16
Mancini, Giulio. see Jews (Rome)
Marangoni, Giovanni
notes on Jewish inscriptions
129–130, 155
on catacomb discovery and spoliation
67n149, 97–99, 110–118, 160n92, 242n437
on disappearance of historical artifacts from churches of Rome
58–59n116
Marcellini, Romolo
346
Marchi, Giuseppe, S.J.
catacomb study
77, 81–85, 98–99, 116n134, 140n9, 147–148, 153–154, 161–162, 195, 201n259, 223, 242–243
mentor to de Rossi
12–13n22, 73, 83, 119, 131, 169–170, 307–308
study of Jewish artifacts
19–20, 84–87, 125, 162–163n101, 171–172, 258n519, 298, 317.
de Rossi, Giovanni Battista, Garrucci, Raffaele, museums and collections (Rome)
Marini, Luigi Gaetano
63–66, 69–70n155, 162n100, 167n116
Martinelli, Fioravante
48–49, 57, 92–96, 105n92, 109n103, 114–115n128.
relics
Martyrologium Romanum. see Baronio, Cesare (Cardinal), relics
martyrs (Rome)
martyrdom, popular accounts of
19–20n47, 30–32, 41–42n65, 88–94, 104–106, 150, 271n580
martyrial shrines and their development
2, 35n44, 83, 99–100, 127, 134, 258, 308–309
martyrs in Jewish tradition
27–28, 120
traditional identification of
11n16, 12–13n22, 47–49, 66–67, 75–76, 81, 97–98, 102–104, 108–111, 120–122, 128–130, 132n197, 147–148, 152–155, 174n147.
Benjamin of Tudela, De Rossi, Giovanni Battista, iconography, relics
Marucchi, Orazio
career and studies
3, 266n558, 298–304
documentation of Jewish artifacts
53–54n104, 80–81n201, 204–205n274, 211n306–307, 254n496, 293–294n99, 315–316n196
Jewish catacomb research
178n163, 191n216, 200–201n255, 214, 230–231, 235, 238, 245n452, 247n457, 253n491, 296–297, 307n159, 312–313n189, 321n218, 323n225, 330n255, 335
reinforcement of de Rossi’s theory on burial practices
154n68, 248–249n467, 307–309
masonry
brick stamps
179, 206, 208, 306–307, 313n192, 322n221, 328
opus vittatum
141, 178–179, 182–186, 188–190, 211–212, 230, 247, 313–314n193
opus lateritium
213–214, 254, 331
opus mixtum
178–180
sealing tombs
50–51, 194–198, 201–202, 211–212, 215–216, 227, 233n394, 236, 251, 255, 305–306, 328–329
spolia use in
41–42n65, 61–62, 145, 200, 213n315, 229, 250–251n475, 328–329
traces on the landscape
138–140, 159, 171, 176
use in modern restoration
99n54, 189, 222n353, 250n475, 313, 323–324
Mausoleum of Cecilia Metella (Capo di Bove)
32–33, 114–115n128, 142,148, 312n184
Mazochio, Jacopo
44, 57n113
Mirabilia Urbis Romae
27, 30–31n29, 33n37, 41–44, 89.
pilgrimage and shrines
Ménestrier, Claude
59n116, 159–160n89
Middle East
24n6, 222–223n355, 337
Migliore, Gaetano
64–65, 68–71, 162n100, 163n102
Mignani, Francesco. see Vigna, Randanini
Minervini, Giulio. see Venosa
miracles
28n23, 92–93n28, 102n70, 103, 106, 109, 112, 114–115.
relics, superstitions and legends
Misson, François Maximilien
116–117n137
Mommsen, Theodor
1, 4–5, 132n195, 241–242, 264–266n557, 271, 277–278n23, 280n39
Montano, Benito Arias
117.
Benjamin of Tudela
Montano, Giovanni Battista
157n80
Montinario, Damiano. see epigraphy (Jewish)
Morosini, Giulio
46n78, 59
Morpurgo, Edgardo
283n58, 294n102, 312n188, 316n197
Mount Nebo. see relics
Müller, Nikolaus
epigraphic studies and new readings of inscriptions
48–49n87, 262n543
project on Jewish burial practices of the Roman and Byzantine eras
183n185, 199n251, 304–307, 317–321, 334–335n275
scholarly collaboration with de Rossi
2–3, 300–301, 357–358
Munday, Anthony. see protestantism, relics
Munkácsi, Ernő
307n159, 310–311n178, 333n266, 334–335n269–270, 336n282, 342–343
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio
12, 122, 162n100
museums and collections (Rome)
Capitoline
17–18n41, 62–63n131, 72, 111, 148n46, 259n522, 292–293n96
Jewish Museum
347
Kircherian
17–20, 52–53n102, 62–63n131, 71n160, 73, 129–130, 155, 161, 241, 265n557, 321, 323
Lateran
17–18n41, 72, 132n195, 259, 348
National Roman
321–323,
Vatican
62–64, 68, 75n175, 80–81n201, 124, 127n180, 132, 148n46, 259, 298–299, 316–317, 298, 347–349
Naples
Archaeological Museum
17–18, 48–49n87, 71, 259n521, 263
catacombs
82, 160
Christian relics
102n70, 108–109
Jewish artifacts
37–38n54, 69–70n155, 271, 277–278n23, 342
Nardini, Famiano
33n39, 104–105
Nardo, Bernardo (Monsignor)
311–313, 315–316
Nathan ben Jehiel. see Jews (Rome)
Nathan, Ernesto
310n175, 317–318
Neri, Philip (Saint)
95–96, 103n76–77, 114–115, 315–316n196
Nicolai, Nicola Maria (Monsignor)
75–76, 162–163n101.
Settele, Giuseppe
Norton, Charles Eliot
11n17, 174n147, 294–295n103
opus sectile
202n264, 252
Oria
5n6
Ostia
36n48, 71–72n162, 160, 183n187, 205n277, 262n538, 344–345
Oxford Movement. see Burgon, John William
Pacca, Bartolomeo, Cardinal
collection of Jewish artifacts
71.
papal edicts, Portus
palaces (ancient)
Maxentius
30–33, 141, 145n31, 152–153n62, 161, 163n103, 169, 179–180n174, 190–191n214.
Circuses, Maxentius (Caracalla), Villa Torlonia (Capo di Bove)
palaces (modern)
Corsetti
157
Giraud (also Cestelli, Scossacavalli, Torlonia)
78–80
Nari
156
Rondanini
20–21n50, 55n111, 69–70
Palestine. see Israel
papal edicts
Ex comissae nobis
121
forbidding catacomb exploration
100–101, 106–107n97
Pacca
71–72, 79, 140–141, 143–144, 145n30, 148–149, 170, 174n146, 273–275, 286–287, 289
Sicut Judeis
38
Papal States
8–9, 12n20, 73, 79, 87, 117–118, 264–265, 273, 277n18, 280n43, 290–291.
antiquities trade, archaeological scholarship, excavation licenses (Rome), relics
Panciroli, Ottavio
88n6, 153–154n67
Paribeni, Roberto
281–282n49, 321–322n219, 337n289
Parker, John Henry
66n146, 144n22, 191–192, 243–244n445, 252–254, 264–265n557, 275–276, 279n36, 283–284, 288, 307–308n62
Passionei, Domenico Silvio (Cardinal)
63n133, 114, 129–130
Pennacchi, Giovanni Domenico (Monsignor)
62–63n133, 68–70
Pentland, Joseph Barclay
176–178, 188n201, 197, 213n312
Perret, Louis
133n199, 243, 266n561
Pfeister, Pierre
252n483, 332–333
pilgrimage and shrines
itineraries to Rome
23n1, 33n37, 37, 41–42n65, 87n4, 141n14, 153–154n67, 159, 163–164, 185–186n196
pilgrimage to Jewish tombs
25–30, 40n58, 182n180, 310–311n178
shines in Rome
8, 43–44, 54–55, 94, 98n51, 106, 115–116, 160n89
Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology (PIAC)
325–326, 333n267
Ponzetti, Giacomo
158–159
popes
Alexander VII
97n48, 99–100
Benedict XIV
69, 84n216, 111–112, 116, 124, 127n180, 129–130n187, 160n93
Callisto II
36–37n51, 38n55
Clement VIII
106–107
Clement X
50, 121
Clement XI
129n186
Clement XII
102n74
Gregory XIII
87n3, 128n182
Gregory XVI
77n188, 82, 172–173n142
Leo XIII
24n5, 298, 300, 325n234
Paul VI
350–351
Peter (Apostle)
12–13n22, 32, 57n115, 77, 98n50, 104
Pius IX
2, 9, 12, 91, 113n120, 118–119, 142–143n16, 249–250n471, 264–265, 273, 277, 287–288, 358–359n27
Pius XI
325–326, 333n266
Sixtus V
92, 94, 98–99n53, 115, 157n80
Urban VIII
61n127, 69n155
portals (Rome)
Capena
155
Nomentana (Porta della Donna)
40
Portese (Portuensis, S. Francesco)
37–38, 40–41, 44–45n73, 310–311n178
S. Giovanni (Latina)
159
S. Lorenzo (Tiburtina)
69–70n155
S. Paolo (Ostiense)
315–316n196
S. Sebastiano (Appia)
41, 156, 158
Settimiana
298n117
toponymals
41–42n65, 150
Portus
36–37, 71–72, 80–81, 260n527–528, 310–311n178
Profili, family
146–147, 207–208, 218–219n339
protestantism
8, 10–12, 18, 21–22, 52n100, 74n170, 87n2, 89–93, 97–98, 106–109, 116, 118n146, 131–134, 165n107, 241–242, 265n557, 276, 281, 285, 304–305, 319
Prussian Institute for Archaeology
74n170, 132n195, 197, 242n434, 264.
Henzen, Wilhelm, Herzog, Ernst
Randanini, Giuseppe
4, 137, 143–146, 148–149, 159, 169–170, 174, 207–208, 210–211, 215–219, 221–222, 249–250, 264n553, 273–275, 286–289
Randanini, Ignazio
148–149n47, 218n3336, 257, 274, 291–293, 296–297, 309–312, 316n196, 343
Raoul-Rochette, Désiré
82n208, 147
Raponi, Ignazio Maria
70–72
Recupero, Alessandro
67–68n153, 162–163n101, 288n76
Reggi, Giuseppe. see Venuti, Ridolfino
relics
Benjamin of Tudela, Calvin, John, Commissione di Archeologia Sacra (CDAS), corpisantari (relic diggers), hagiography, iconography, Landucci, Ambrogio, O.S.A., miracles
Christian relics linked to Jewish history
26–27, 29–30, 31–33n34, 43–44n69, 103–104, 111
debates on relic authenticity
10–11, 48–49n88, 73–74, 77–78, 86–87, 89, 93, 97–98, 109, 116–117n137, 132n197, 134, 169–170, 174–175
preservation and veneration of relics in medieval Rome
89n14, 95–96n39, 104, 109n103, 122
preservation and veneration of relics during the Counter-Reformation Era
58–59, 86–93, 95–97, 102–104, 110–113
relic invention and recognition
50n92, 67n150, 67–68n153, 69–70n155, 70–71, 98–102, 104–109, 113–116, 118–131, 147, 153, 161–163, 333n265, 358
Revillas, Diego. see Tivoli
Ricci, Corrado
311–312, 315
Roller, Théophile
14–15n29, 119, 121n165, 294n102
“Roman School” (de Rossi’s circle of scholars)
5–6, 12–13, 242–244n447, 256–257, 275–276n153, 302–304.
de Rossi, Giovanni Battista
Rondinini, family (Rondanini)
40n58, 55n111, 69–71, 144n23, 155–156, 161n97, 165n108.
palaces (modern)
Rothschild, family
273–274, 277, 283n58
Rusconi, Antonio Lamberto (Monsignor)
18n41, 62–63n131, 69
Ruffini (or de’ Rufinis), Alessandro (Cardinal)
42n66, 46
sarcophaguses
epigraphy (Jewish)
Biblical and New Testament scenes in sarcophagi
124,144–145, 177
clay and marble examples
183–184, 297–298n115
prefabricated sarcophagi
149, 172, 200–201, 203–206, 209n294, 211, 216, 270n575, 274n8, 296–297n113, 331n258, 323n224, 343n312
sarcophagus reused in Christian burial
51–53
used in burials of Jews
18n41, 20–21n50, 59n116, 69–70, 72, 78–80, 129–130, 154–156, 177, 189n209, 235n402, 241, 293–294n99, 298n117, 302, 316–317, 324, 337n289
Sardinia
16–17, 319–320
Sarti, Emiliano
78n191, 132
Scacchi, Francesco Fortunato, O.S.A.
122
Scamacca, Placido Maria, O.S.B.
162–163n101
Settele, Giuseppe
73–82, 118–119, 131, 147–148, 337n289.
palaces (modern), sarcophaguses
Sereni, Angelo (Rabbi)
334.
Jews (Rome)
Severano, Giovanni, C.O.
86–87, 116–117
Severini, Giacomo
162
Sicily
16–17, 38n55, 68n153, 162–163n101, 251n477, 288n76, 319–321, 356n16
Simelli, Carlo Baldassare
186, 276n16
Smeaton, Charles
253–254
Spain
17n37, 35, 64.
Benjamin of Tudela
Spano, Giovanni
3, 16–17n37
Strzygowski, Josef
244
suburbs (Rome)
29–30, 33n37, 35–37, 40–42, 54–55, 58, 95–96n39, 99, 101–102n69, 139n4, 153, 159, 296
superstitions and legends
apotropaic motifs
202n262, 206, 270–271
folklore
15n30, 114–115, 239n415
Syria-Palestine
224, 233–234, 301n130.
miracles, relics
synagogues
34–36, 43n67, 46n78, 55n111, 62n131, 162n101, 182n180, 212, 252–253n486, 262, 268, 281n44, 298n117, 310–311, 324, 336, 344, 347.
Aegina, epigraphy (Jewish), Jews (Rome)
Tiber (river)
36–38, 61, 85, 160, 298n117
Tifernate, Lilio
27n15
Tiraboschi, Antonio
293n96
Titus (Roman Emperor)
26–27, 29–33.
Arch of Titus, Benjamin of Tudela
Titus Flavius Clemens
32.
Flavia, Domitilla
Tivoli
epigraphy (Jewish), Kircher, Athanasius, S.J.
antiquarian study of
89–90
Jews in area
55n110, 105n89, 124, 155n71
Tizzani, Vincenzo
82–83n209, 91n23
Tomassetti, Giuseppe
313, 336
tomb typology
arcosoliums
159n86, 176, 178–179, 182–186, 188, 193n222, 197, 200–202, 211, 214, 216, 232–233n394, 235–236, 243n440, 247–249, 256, 306, 313
bone collection (ossilegium)
233
casement (“a cassa”)
206
corpse pits (puticoli)
195
Covering
50–51, 119, 127n180, 174–175n149, 194, 196–198, 201n258, 215–216n324, 227n377, 233, 238, 250–251, 254
fossa
176–177, 182n179, 189, 198–199, 211, 236, 252–253
kokhim
185n195, 201n256, 220, 222–234, 237–238, 255–256, 294n102, 303–304, 323n227, 328–331
loculi
119, 127n180, 147, 189, 194–196, 199–202, 209n297, 210–212, 214–216, 220, 223–227, 229–230, 232, 234–236, 238–239, 248–249, 251–252, 254–255, 328–329, 332, 336n281, 355n9
mensa (table tombs)
197–198, 211–212, 236, 247
oven (“forno”)
223, 238–239, 247–249, 283–284n59, 303
window tombs
227, 230n384, 232–233n394
Tongiorgi, Francesco, S.J.
18n41, 78n191, 80.
Burgon, John William, museums and collections (Rome)
Torlonia, family
catacombs, Villa Torlonia (Jewish), Villa, Torlonia (Capo di Bove), Villa, Torlonia (Nomentana)
archaeological excavation on Torlonia properties
72, 144–145, 257n514, 260n528, 293n98, 303n41, 305–307
Jewish artifacts in the Torlonia collections
78–81, 337n289
rumored to be converts from Judaism
80–81
property ownership around Rome
40–41, 46n78, 79, 81, 85n218, 101–102n69, 114n124, 141n13, 148, 166
Torlonia, Alessandro. see Torlonia, family
Torlonia, Giovanni. see Torlonia, family
Torlonia, Mariano. see Torlonia, family
Torrigio, Francesco Maria
46n78
tourism
museum galleries and the Grand Tour
66
guidebooks and their influence on archaeological sites
335–336
in Rome
13–14n24, 67, 77, 115n130, 131–132, 147,160–161, 164–166, 208, 275, 286–287, 293, 309–310, 335–336, 346
promotion of
217n332, 350
trains
37–38n54, 275n12, 310–311, 317–318
Tunisia (Hammam Lif)
252–253n486
Uhden, Wilhelm Otto
70n156
Uggeri, Angelo
167n120
Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane (UCEI)
319n209, 337–338n290, 347–353.
Zevi, Tullia, Jews (Italy)
urban planning (Rome)
urban renovation in early modern Rome 53
n104, 57–62, 66, 93–97, 102n73
post-unification development
2, 9, 291, 300, 309, 317–318, 339–340, 353
Valentinian II (Roman Emperor)
36
valley
Ad Catacumbas
4, 31, 213.
churches and monasteries, palaces (ancient)
Caffarella (Marble Valley)
4–5, 140–141, 152–155, 166, 217n329
Van Papebroch, Daniel, S. J. Bollandists, Jesuits
Vatican
museums and collections, Vatican (Rome)
Basilica. see St. Peter’s
Borgo
78–80
Archive
24
Library
8–9, 33, 45–46, 62–63n133, 65–69, 70–72, 113–114, 259, 298–300
Velletri. see Angelucci family
Venosa
5n6, 16–17, 68–69n154, 107n97, 135, 176, 199n251, 216n324, 263–264, 278, 295, 304–305n148, 320–321, 333n265
Venuti, Ridolfino
antiquarian studies
100, 116, 160n94
commentary on Jewish epigraphy from Rome
55n110, 63n133, 71n157, 163n102
Vespasian (Roman Emperor)
30–32.
Flavia Domitila, Titus, circuses
Via
Appia Antica
5, 13, 15, 23n1, 31, 35–36, 41, 60, 75, 80, 118n145, 129, 135–136, 139–143, 149–150, 152–156, 158–163, 166–167, 169, 179, 185n194, 197n240, 207, 215, 221, 229n380, 234–235, 248–249n467, 259n521, 273n3, 285, 292, 297, 303, 308, 311, 340, 342, 353–355
Appia Nuova
75n172, 79n193, 158n85
Appia Pignatelli
60n120, 75, 80, 137–141, 145n32, 149n49, 159, 186, 218, 285, 300n125, 302, 305–307, 312–314, 319
Ardeatina (Strada che va al Divino Amore)
98n51, 136, 140n9, 146n36, 152–154, 159, 248–249n467, 341–342n304, 345, 354
Asinaria
141, 145n36, 305n150
Aurelia
43n67, 78–79n193, 101–102n69
Bocca di Leone
148
Casilina (ancient Labicana)
41n61, 296, 321n218
Cupa
40n58, 154–155n75
Dei Morticelli. see Via, Della Luce
Dell’Atleta
57n114, 336
Delle Colonnette
85n218
Del Corso
69–70n155, 96n42
Della Basilica di San Sebastiano (vicolo)
146, 305n150
Della Luce (Dei Morticelli)
37–38n54
Della Lungara
80n200
Della Lungaretta
43n67
Delle Palme (vicolo). see dell’Atleta (vicolo)
Dell’Ongano
318n205
Del Mandrione. see Casilina
Del Mascherone
146–147n36
Del Re (viale). see Trastevere (viale)
Del Salume (vicolo)
57n114, 134n204
Delle Sette Chiese (dei Paradisi)
139, 216–217n328
Di San Lorenzo (vicolo) see Via, Cupa
Di Sant’Urbano (vicolo). see Via, Basilica di S. Sebastiano (vicolo)
Flaminia
69–70n156, 74–75n171
Labicana
79, 147, 266n558, 298n117, 299–300, 298–300.
Via, Casilina
Lata. see Via, Del Corso
Latina
10n11, 66n146, 80, 84–85n218, 146n36, 152–153, 159, 174–175, 201n259, 223n357, 263, 269n570, 286n68, 294–295n103
Massimo (vicolo)
342–343n308
Montserrato
157
Nomentana
13–14n24, 40n58, 46n78, 79, 290n84
Ostiense
315–316n196
Po
291n87
Portuense
27–28, 41–42n65, 44–45n73, 47–48, 59n118, 61–62, 63, 101n69, 120, 293–295, 317–318
Prenestina
291n89
Salaria
18n41, 60–61, 92
Tiburtina
40n58, 155–156n75, 197, 291n87, 295–296n104
Vigna Cassia (Syracuse)
85n220
Vigna (Vineyard)
Amendola
75, 154–155n71, 157n78.
Vigna, Molinari
Chiaraviglio
157, 204–205n273
Cimarra
261–262, 340n298.
catacombs, Vigna Cimarra (Jewish)
Codini
143n19, 217, 248–249n467
Colonna. see Villa, Torlonia
Corsetti (Corsi). see Villa, Chiaraviglio
Del Grande
147–148
Grandi, family
146–148, 166n112, 210–211, 274n6
Lugari
174–175n148, 311–312n184
Molinari
101, 154–155n71
Negri
217n329
Naro
156, 158
Profili
146–147, 207–208, 218–219n339
Randanini. see catacombs, Vigna Randanini
Ruffini
75
Villa
Bosio
62n130
Campagna
358
Carpegna
101–102n69, 127n180
Cellere
172–173n142
Corsini
101–102n69
Del Frate
342–343n308
Marini
273n3
Maxentius. see circuses, palaces (ancient)
Pacca
71–72n161
Pamphili
101–102n69, 114n124, 197n240, 248–249n467
Rondinini (Rondanini)
40n58, 69–70n155, 155–156n75, 322–323n224
Sebastiano (ad catacumbas). see catacombs, S. Sebastiano, Vigna, Naro
Sinibaldi
69–70n155
Torlonia (Capo di Bove)
148, 311–312n184.
palaces (ancient)
Torlonia (Nomentana)
19n44, 37n52, 40–41, 46n78, 78–81, 84–85n218, 101–102n69, 114n124, 141n13, 337n289, 349.
catacombs, Villa Torlonia, Torlonia, family
Triopion estate of Herod Atticus. see palaces (ancient)
Visconti, Carlo Ludovico
197, 207–208, 215, 217–219, 249–250, 257, 259, 277–278, 287, 289, 292
Visconti, Ennio Quirino
69–70n155
Visconti, Filippo Aurelio. see Borgia, Stefano
Visconti, Pietro Ercole
antiquarian studies
76n180, 82
supervision of Randanini’s excavation
143–149, 171–173, 177, 204–205, 208n291, 217–218, 245n452, 273–274
study of Torlonia collection
79–80.
catacomb, Vigna Randanini
Von Engeström, Carl Adolf August
292, 301n128
walls (Rome)
Aurelian
37–38, 45, 61–62, 139, 153–154n67.
portals (Rome)
Republican (Servian)
9, 43n67, 152
Wilshere, Charles Willes
227n374, 287–289
Winkelmann, Johannes
69–70n155, 76, 84n216
Wissenschaft des Judentums
24n6, 279–280, 316–317, 357
Wollmann, Herbert
316–317n198
Yosippon (tenth-century Hebrew chronicle)
25.
Benjamin of Tudela
Zacchia, Laudivio, Cardinal. see Rondanini, family
Zanazzo, Gigi. see superstitions and legends
Zevi, Tullia
334n272, 347–350, 352.
UCEI (Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane)
Zionism
role of archaeology in Modern Zionism
282–283, 344
Zionist phrases and motifs in modern graffiti
338n291
influence on Italian Jewish community post-WWII
338, 346
Zoller, Israel (Eugenio Zolli)
334–335
Zunz, Leopold
280, 357. See also Wissenschaft des Judentums (Science of Judaism)
Zurla, Placido (Cardinal)
76–78