| Figures | ||
| 1 | Jost Amman, Eigentliche Abbildung deß ganzen Gewerbs der löblichen Kaufmannschafft, The British Museum, London, 1585 | 4 |
| 2 | Andrea de’ Bartoli’s illustration from the medieval Villola Chronicle from Bologna, 1351 | 9 |
| 3 | A letter by Andrea de’ Tolomei from Champagne to the Tolomei commercial bank headquarters in Siena, 1262 | 45 |
| 4 | Facsimile of the oldest known comprehensive postal regulatory policy in the statues of the Calimala guild in Florence, 1301 | 48 |
| 5 | Two copies of one of the oldest surviving bills of exchange, issued on behalf of the leader of the fourth crusade, Baldwin, before his departure from Venice, October 1202 | 67 |
| 6 | Two versions of the same letter of exchange related to the transfer of money between the Datini firm branches in Mallorca and Barcelona, 7 November 1397 | 69 |
| 7 | Facsimile of the statutes of a scarsella between Florence and Avignon, 26 October 1357 | 74 |
| 8 | A page from an accounting book in which the Datini affiliate office in Genoa recorded all sent or received letters (quaderno dei corrieri), 1396 | 82 |
| 9 | The cover of a letter by Giacomino e Bartolomeo di Bonaiuto in Genoa to the Datini company office in Barcelona, 28 March 1408 | 88 |
| 10 | An advice of shipment of the scarsella Barcelona–Pisa compiled by the Datini firm branch office in Pisa, 5 January 1397 (ab incarnatione 1396) | 102 |
| 11 | Giovanni Mansueti, The Miraculous healing of the Daughter of Benvegnudo of San Polo, Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice, ca. 1500–1506 (detail) | 106 |
| 12 | Covers of three letters produced by the Visconti and Sforza administrations of Milan whose notes capture the gradual development of mounted postal services, 1385–1464 | 141 |
| 13 | Cover of one of the earliest known letters expedited by a postal relay (a staffetta) on behalf of the Visconti administration in Milan, 23 October 1390 | 144 |
| 14 | A series of postal pictograms that Adriano Cappelli included in his Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed italiane, 1899 | 149 |
| Visual representations of mid-sixteenth century Italian (Cursor Italicae) and German couriers (Cursor Germanus) by Ferdinando Bertelli, published in Omnium fere gentium nostrae aetatis habitus, nunquam ante hac aediti, 1563 | 202 | |
| 16 | The illustration of a mathematical rebus featuring two couriers that was included in a children primer book (zibaldone) of the da Canal family in Venice, c.1310–1311 | 209 |
| 17 | Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Marco Barbarigo, National Gallery, London, ca. 1449–1450 | 211 |
| 18 | The frontispiece of one of the five surviving copies of the mariegola of the Company of Venetian Couriers | 219 |
| 19 | Facsimile of minutes of a meeting (capitoli) of the Company of Venetian Couriers, 25 February 1545 (m.v. 1544) | 220 |
| 20 | The most important places related to postal operations in the Rialto district, as shown on the bird’s-eye view map of Venice by Jacopo de’ Barbari, 1500 | 222 |
| 21 | Segment of a 1660 plan showing the section of Via Flaminia before it reached the walls of Rome | 229 |
| 22 | A sixteenth century surveyor’s map of the Rialto courtyard in Venice that is known today as Calle de le Poste Vecchie | 254 |
| 23 | Frontispiece of the postal guide by Giovanni da l’Herba titled Itinerario delle poste per diverse parti del mondo, published in Rome in 1563 | 287 |
| 24 | Nicolas Sanson, Carte géographique des postes qui traversent la France, 1632 | 288 |
| 25 | Hans Holbein the Younger, Portrait of Merchant Georg Gisze (1497–1562), Gemäldegalerie Berlin, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 1532 | 304 |
| 26 | Sebastiano del Piombo, Portrait of Ferry Corondelet and his Secretaries, Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, ca. 1510–1512 | 304 |
| 27 | Raphael Sanzio, Portrait of Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena, Galleria Palatina—Palazzo Pitti, Florence, ca. 1516 | 305 |
| 28 | Joos van Cleve, Portrait of Eleaonor of Austria, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, ca. 1530 | 305 |
| 29 | The Master of the Female Half-Lengths (active in Antwerp), A Lady Writing at a Desk, Private Collection, ca. 1530 | 306 |
| 30 | Follower of Giovanni Battista Moroni, Lorenz I Bordogna von Taxis, Schloss Ambras, Innsbruck, ca. 1550 | 306 |
| 31 | Facsimile of a broadsheet from Ferrara with a listing of postal days, showing the departing and arriving couriers in various directions, 1592 | 309 |
| 1 | One of the branches of Via Francigena crossing the Alps through the Mont Cenis Pass and its proximity to the twelve Italian cities whose merchant communities traded in Champagne | 39 |
| 2 | The late medieval postal network as envisioned by economic historian Federigo Melis | 84 |
| 3 | Key postal stations created under the Visconti and the Sforza regimes on the territory of the Duchy of Milan, c.1380–1454 | 143 |
| 4 | Stations of the Sforza mounted posts between Milan and Naples as documented by ducal inspector Alberto de Pegri, 1463 | 178 |
| 5 | The affinity between Venetian long-distance postal lines and the operations of annual convoys of state-owned commercial galleys | 212 |
| 6 | The most important postal stations operated by the Company of Venetian Couriers between Venice and Rome along Via Flaminia, as captured in a guild document in 1568 | 226 |
| 7 | The Venetian postal connection with Constantinople under Bolizza family management in the early seventeenth century | 251 |
| 8 | The expansion of activities of the Company of Venetian Couriers in Lombardy and in the Friuli region between 1584 and 1593 | 280 |
| 9 | The network of postal stations used by Michel de Montaigne as a logistic support of his journey through Italy in 1580–1581 | 291 |
| Tables | ||
| 1 | The average costs of courier expeditions to various destinations billed by local innkeepers to the papal curia in Avignon during the fourteenth century | 50 |
| 2 | The average duration of scarsella connections between the key centers of late medieval commerce, calculated by Federigo Melis | 81 |
| 3 | Itemized travel expenses incurred by an ordinary courier expedited from Rome to Venice, 1578 | 232 |
| 4 | Itemized travel expenses incurred by an extraordinary courier expedited from Venice to Rome, 1592 | 233 |
| 5 | A chart showing the exponential growth of the cost of annual postal contracts (appalti) awarded between 1535 and 1630 by various papal administrations in Rome to its postmasters general | 270 |
in The Postal Revolution
Autor:in:
Juraj Kittler
Juraj Kittler
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