Figures
1 A physical map of modern-day Kosovo with bilingual, Albanian and Serbian, place names 13
2 Dardania according to Ptolemy. Excerpt from thirteenth century Byzantine codex that shows present-day Kosovo as part of Moesia Superior 19
3 Dardania within the borders of the Roman province of Moesia Superior 20
4 Ptolemy’s geographic knowledge on Moesia Superior – reconstruction based on Byzantine codex 22
5 Roman roads in Moesia as shown by the Peutinger map 28
6 Ancient settlements and traffic communications in present-day Kosovo 29
7 A section of al-Idrīsī’s world map according to Konrad Miller’s transcription (1928) 36
8 Territorial expansion of medieval Serbia (1080–1321) 38
9 A detail of the Ptolemaic map prepared by Marco Beneventano (Rome, 1507) 43
10 The medieval Serbian Kingdom as seen by Martin Waldseemüller in 1513, in a later edition published by Lorenz Fries (Strasbourg, 1522) 44
11 A manuscript map of the Balkans reflecting the military campaign in autumn 1444 49
12 Identification of place names from a 1444 map of the Balkans 50
13 A detail of a map by Sebastian Münster (Basel, 1550) 55
14 The Balkans on Fra Mauro’s world map finalized in 1459 57
15 Kosovo in the administrative-territorial organization of the Ottoman Empire around 1606 61
16 Kosovo presented by Giacomo Gastaldi’s map published in Abraham Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Antwerp, 1570) 68
17 A detail of Gerardus Mercator’s map Walachia, Servia, Bulgaria, Romania (Duisburg, 1589) 72
18 The penetration of the Christian army in war campaign 1689–1690 undertaken during the Habsburg–Ottoman War 75
19 The first regional map of Serbia compiled by Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola in 1689 80
20 Kosovo on a map of the Danube region compiled by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli in late 1688 or early 1689 86
21 A military map of Serbia compiled by Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli about 1689 based on a sketch received from a military engineer who took part in the campaign in Kosovo in 1689 91
22 Kosovo as a Habsburg–Ottoman borderland after the Peace Treaty of Passarowitz on a map by Johann Friedrich Oettinger produced about 1732 96
23 Kosovo in the time of the Habsburg–Ottoman War of 1736–1739 presented by Heirs of Jonathan Felsecker in 1737 99
24 Kosovo on a war theatre map of Serbia published by Etienne Briffaut (Vienna, 1738) 101
25 Kosovo on a map of the wider region drafted by the Habsburg topographer Franjo Mihanović in 1783 105
26 Kosovo on a map of Bosnia and neighbouring countries compiled by Maximilian Schimek (Vienna, 1788) 109
27 Territorial development of Serbia in 1804–1919 113
28 Kosovo on a 1829 map of European Turkey by Franz von Weiss 117
29 A highly elaborated explanation key of Weiss’ map of European Turkey 120
30 An excerpt from Ami Boué’s ethnographic map of European Turkey (Gotha, 1847) 124
31 Part of Joseph Müller’s map of Albania with Kosovo, which accompanied his book from 1844 126
32 Kosovo and Albania in the time of domination of local pashas and rebellious Albanian tribes on a 1853 map of European Turkey by Heinrich Kiepert 129
33 A map of the Kosovo Field compiled by Nikola Vasojević (Novi Sad, 1847) 133
34 The Vilayet of Kosovo within the Ottoman Empire from 1881 to 1912 140
35 Demarcations after the Treaty of San Stefano and the Berlin Congress 142
36 Kosovo on the first topographic map that was based on the geodetic survey of the Ottoman Empire (Vienna, 1876) 145
37 A detail of the ethnographic map by Heinrich Kiepert (Berlin, 1876), presented at the Berlin Congress (1878) and updated with the status of the borders in 1882 153
38 Kosovo in the ethnographic map by Carl Sax (Vienna, 1877) 155
39 Ethnographic map by Serbian nationalist Spiridon Gopčević attached to his book Altserbien und Makedonien (Vienna, 1889) 158
40 Kosovo as presented on Bulgarian ethnographic map of the Vilayet of Kosovo (Sofia, 1901) 161
41 Kosovo on a 1899 Austrian ethnographic (nationality) map attached to statistical reviews on the Ottoman ruled countries 166
42 Kosovo on an Austrian map of distribution of schools attached to the statistical review of 1899 168
43 A map showing the regions occupied by the belligerents of the First Balkan War until April 1913 173
44 A political map of the Balkans by G. Freytag (Vienna, 1913) with borders established after the 1913 Peace Treaty of Bucharest, which concluded the Balkan Wars 175
45 Contesting territorial claims by the members of the Balkan League presented during the negotiations in 1913 177
46 A war report map of the WWI campaign of fall 1915, published by Paasche & Luz (Stuttgart, 1915) 184
47 An ethnographic map by Jovan Cvijić (Paris, 1918) presented at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 189
48 Part of the Albanian ethnographic map by Nikolla Lako (Paris, 1913) used by Isaiah Bowman to represent the Albanian territorial claim presented at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 192
49 A map that confronts various proposals in regard to Yugoslav–Albanian border advocated during the negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 193
50 A demarcation map that shows the final borderline between Albania and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes attached to the Protocol of Demarcation ratified in 1926 196
51 Partitions of Kosovo within administrative-territorial division of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1922 on the map by Antun Jiroušek 201
52 Kosovo in the territorial organization of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on the administrative map from 1931 202
53 A map of the colonization of southern Serbia based on the official data provided by Đorđe Krstić, a chief agrarian commissioner responsible for the colonization of Kosovo in 1926 206
54 A detail from the sheet Prishtina of the 1:100,000 topographic map of the Yugoslav Kingdom produced in 1926 (a German reprint from 1940) 211
55 A detail of a map showing Yugoslavia during WWII with its division into military zones 216
56 Kosovo on William Bailey’s intelligence map of Yugoslavia from April 1944 220
57 A detailed British map of Trepça smelter plant prepared by the OSS and designated as confidential 221
58 The Kosovo–Montenegrin border as presented on the sheet Peć of topographic map by the British War Office in 1946 230
59 The Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija on the administrative map of Yugoslavia from January 1963 with its territorial scope after the revisions of 1947, 1949, and 1959 233
60 A detail of a 1963 map of the Kraljevo District (Serbia) showing new border of Serbia with Kosovo as well as the border of Kosovo with Montenegro 234
61 A map of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija produced by Geokarta (Belgrade, 1965) 238
62 Map of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo produced by Geokarta (Belgrade) and Institute for textbooks and teaching aids (Prishtina) in 1986 241
63 Map of the ethnic composition of Kosovo and neighboring regions according to the census of 1981 (Zagreb, 1992) 245
64 Division of Kosovo between NATO international peacekeepers in 1999 250
65 Republic of Kosovo on locally produced map (Prishtina, 2018) 256
Tables
1 Demographic data from the Ottoman census of 1590 (published in Zirojević 1989 and 2018) 64
2 Ethno-confessional composition of the population of Kosovo about 1877 according to Carl Sax 156
3 Composition of the population of Kosovo in 1889 according to Spiridon Gopčević 160
4 Composition of the population of the Vilayet of Kosovo as recorded in the Ottoman censuses of 1881–1882 (1893), 1897, and 1906 163
5 Ethno-confessional composition of Kosovo according to Austrian statistics from 1899 164
6 Composition of population of Kosovo in the 1948–1961 period (based on the official census data by the Federal Statistical Office of Yugoslavia) 227
7 Composition of the population of Kosovo in the 1971–1991 period (based on the official census data by the Federal Statistical Office of Yugoslavia) 243