Index
adverb(ial)
10, 12–17, 21–28
adverbi(al)/conjunction(al)
68, 72, 78–81, 85–87
affirmative
24
affirmative marker
144–146
affirmative response
20, 27, 246, 250, 252, 254, 262–267, 310
attitude
2, 17, 235
auxiliary verb
178–179, 188–189
bleaching
295, 296, 300
borrowability
7–8, 306, 309
bridging context
85n, 278
causal usage
42–43, 46, 54, 56, 60, 62–63
common ground
106
compound
39, 47, 59
concession
246, 251, 260n
concessive conditional
182
alternative
182n, 192
scalar
182
conjunction
21–22
consequence
94, 98, 100, 108
contact-induced
10n8, 11, 301
cooptation
10, 40, 60–63
counter-expectation
21–22, 41–42, 45–46, 51, 54–57, 60, 62–64, 85n
decategori(ali)zation
16, 51, 205, 208, 213
declarative
171, 189–190
degrammaticalization
8n7
demonstrative
207
deontic
179
discourse marker (DM)
2, 7–8, 18, 39–42, 45–57, 59–64, 69n, 146, 277, 291, 301, 306
discourse orientation
85, 247, 266
donor language
2, 306
dynamic modality
178
ellipsis
174, 185–191
emphatic
218, 223, 225, 229–230, 233
epistemic (authority)
108, 234
expressive
109
extension
94, 105, 108–109, 301
functional
105
semantic-functional
94, 108
semantic-pragmatic
72, 85
face-threat mitigator
118, 122–123, 134, 136–138
face threatening act
118, 122–124
generalization
222, 231–232
gradual change
211
grammaticalization
4, 8n7, 16, 40, 61–63, 85–87, 205, 211, 256, 266, 277, 292–295, 297–302
degree of
25–26, 28, 295–296
replica
2, 11, 13–16, 306, 309
spoken-contact-based
15, 307
written-contact-based
15, 307
hearer orientation
86, 266
high register
107, 109
imperative
172, 181, 183, 187–191, 193
insubordination
25, 173, 185–189, 191, 193
intensifier
227, 230, 232–233, 238
interjection
229, 232
interpersonal
2, 18, 20, 22, 84–85, 245, 245n1, 246, 266, 307, 310
interpretive
105–106, 108–109
interrogative
171, 174, 181, 183, 187–188
(inter)subjective/(inter)subjectivity
22–24, 26, 71, 82, 106–107, 109, 120, 135–138, 162n7, 183, 233, 236–237
attitudinal
18, 136–138
responsive
136
textual
18, 136–138
(inter)subjectification
22, 25, 27, 82, 85–86, 94, 103, 105–106, 109, 160, 210, 214, 231, 267, 300n
joint attention
136
(language) contact
8, 15–17, 28, 293–294, 307
metonymy
109
modal adverb
117–118
movable DM
54–56, 60
native Japanese words
3, 4
native Korean words
5, 6
negative
attitude
310
connotation
203, 211
implicature
202
stance
202n8, 209, 211
nominal
1, 10, 12–13, 21
nominal predicate
8n7, 11, 11n9, 24, 27, 247, 250, 265
non-movable DM
54–56, 60
objective
22
pace of change
10, 26, 211, 213
periphery
94, 105–107, 227, 235–236
left periphery
107, 227
right periphery
105, 227
placement
55n15, 60–61
PMD
171–185, 189–193
PMI
172–173, 175–177, 181–185, 188–193
bi-polarity
192
single-polarity
192
PMQ
171–177, 181–185, 191–193
polar question
171, 187–188
positional preference
257–260, 267
positionality
105, 231, 236
pragmatic inference
108
pragmatic marker (PM)
2, 7–8, 18, 41n5, 63, 146, 245n1, 247, 277, 277n, 306
projecting construction
134, 136
prosodic distinctiveness
60–61
reanalysis
21, 24, 145, 161
recipient language
2, 306, 309
redress
99–100, 108
rheme
147
rhetorical
97, 106
scope
181, 190–191
(semantic) accretion
16–17
semantic change
85–86, 300
(semantic) recession
17, 17n13
semi-autonomous subordination
187–188
sentence-(/clause-)initial position
68, 72, 84
sentence-modifying adverb
250, 254
Sino-Japanese
3, 16, 68, 160, 197n2, 198, 245, 256
Sino-Korean
5
Sino-Vietnamese
7n4
social interaction
120
source characteristics
94, 105, 107
speaker orientation
266
stance(-marking)
23, 26, 94, 105–106, 109, 229, 231, 233–235, 237, 245
temporal adverb
173–175, 177, 180–183, 192
temporal usage
42–43, 54, 59–60, 62
textual coherence
267
textual (function)
18, 20, 23–24, 117, 121–123, 138, 307, 310
theme
147
verb-object (VO) compound
171n, 173–175, 177, 183, 192
wh-question
181–182, 188
zero-marked
68–69, 72, 74–75, 80–81, 85, 245–247